Lonke ulwazi mayelana izindlulamithi: indawo, ukuziphatha, physiology, izici zezinhlobo kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Indlulamithi iyisilwane sesibili eside kunazo zonke (emva kwendlovu) sase-Afrika esinombala oyingqayizivele kanye nesimo esiyingqayizivele samabala, esingakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside kunekamela. Izindlulamithi zihlala ikakhulukazi kuma-savannah, amathafa avulekile anenani elincane lezihlahla nezihlahlana, amaqabunga namagatsha adliwayo.

Izindlulamithi ziyizidalwa ezinokuthula ngendlela emangalisayo ezihlala emihlambini emincane yabantu abangekho ngaphezu kuka-12-15. Ngamunye obukekayo onamabala uthanda amanye amalungu omhlambi wakhe futhi uyamhlonipha umholi, yingakho izilwane cishe zihlale zikwazi ukugwema noma yiziphi izingxabano nezingxabano.

Uma impi ingenakugwenywa, izindlulamithi zihlela imincintiswano engenagazi, lapho izimbangi zisondelana zodwa futhi zilwe ngezintamo zazo. Ukulwa okunjalo (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesilisa) akuhlali imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-15, ngemva kwalokho abahluliwe bahlehla futhi baqhubeke behlala emhlambini njengelungu elivamile. Amaduna nezinsikazi nawo avikela abantwana bomhlambi wabo ngokuzidela, ikakhulukazi abazali, abangacabangi kangako ilungele ukugxumela iqoqo lezimpisi noma amabhubesiuma besabisa izimpilo zezingane.

Emvelweni, ukuphela kwesilwane esiyingozi kundlulamithi yibhubesi, futhi okuwukuphela kwesihlobo i-okapi, njengoba zonke ezinye izindlulamithi zibhekwa njengezingasekho.

Ukuhluka kokuziphatha kanye ne-physiology yezindlulamithi

Kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, indlulamithi ingumnikazi wolimi olude kakhulu (amasentimitha angama-50), olusiza ukumunca ukudla kwezitshalo okungafika ku-35 kg nsuku zonke. Ngolimi olumnyama noma olumnyama olunsomi, isilwane singakwazi nokuhlanza izindlebe zaso.

Izindlulamithi zinamehlo abukhali kakhulu, futhi ukukhula kwazo okukhulu kuzivumela ukuthi zibone ingozi ebangeni elide kakhulu. Esinye isilwane sase-Afrika sihlukile kulokho unenhliziyo enkulu (kufika ku-60 cm ubude nesisindo esingafika ku-11 kg) phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu. Indlulamithi ihluke kwezinye izilwane ngobukhulu besinyathelo, ngoba ubude bemilenze yomuntu omdala buyi-6-8 amamitha, okuvumela ukuthi ifinyelele isivinini esingafika ku-60 km / h.

Amawundlu endlulamithi awafani nakancane - ngemva kwehora ezelwe, abantwana sebevele bemi ngezinyawo beqinile. Lapho izalwa, ukuphakama kwewundlu cishe ku-1,5 m, kanti isisindo silinganiselwa ku-100 kg. Ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10 ngemva kokuzalwa, umntwana uqala ukwakha izimpondo ezincane ezazicindezelekile ngaphambili. Umama ubheka ezinye izinsikazi ezinezingane ezisanda kuzalwa eduze, ngemva kwalokho zihlelele inzalo yazo uhlobo lwenkulisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingane zisengozini, ngoba umzali ngamunye uthembele ekuqapheni kwabanye abantu besifazane, futhi amawundlu ngokuvamile aba yizisulu zezilwane ezizingelayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ingxenye yesine kuphela yenzalo ngokuvamile iphila kuze kube unyaka.

Izindlulamithi ngezinye izikhathi zilala zilele phansi - isikhathi esiningi izilwane ezisichitha zimile, zibeke amakhanda azo phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla, okucishe kuqede ngokuphelele amathuba okuwa, nokulala zimile.

Amaqiniso anelukuluku mayelana nezindlulamithi

1. Lesi silwane yi-pacer. Imilenze yangaphambili yendlulamithi mide kakhulu kuneyendluzele, ngakho isilwane sihamba nge-amble, okungukuthi, ngokushintshana siletha imilenze yangaphambili phambili, bese kulandela imilenze yangemuva. Ngalokho ukugijima kwezilwane kubukeka kuxakile futhi kuxakile, njengoba imilenze yangaphambili nengemuva ihlala iwela, kuyilapho ijubane lendlulamithi lifinyelela ku-50 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokugijima okusheshayo, ikhanda nentamo yesilwane iyanyakaza futhi umsila uvame ukulenga, okwenza i-gallop ibe yinto ehlekisayo futhi ehlekisayo.
2. Igama lokuqala lale ndoda ebukekayo enamabala lalithi “camelopardalis” (elisuka kwethi “ ikamela” ( ikamela) nelithi “pardis” (ingwe) ), njengoba yakhumbuza abantu baseYurophu ngekamela elihamba ngendlela yalo, nengwe emachotsheni ayo. umbala. Ngo 46 BC. e. UJulius Caesar waletha indlulamithi yokuqala eYurophu, futhi kakade ezikhathini zanamuhla (1827), ama-Arabhu athutha isilwane okuthiwa uZarafa ("ehlakaniphile"), ngenxa yokuthi igama lesimanje elithi "indlulamithi" livela.
3. Umbala wommeleli ngamunye uhlukile, awunakulinganiswa futhi ungafaniswa nezigxivizo zeminwe zomuntu.
4. Kukhona izindlulamithi ezinezimpondo ezinhlanu. Phezulu kwesilwane ngasinye kukhona izimpondo ezimfushane ezibuthuntu, kwabanye abantu uphondo lwesithathu nalo luvela esiphongweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kwekhanda lalezi zilwane kunemigqa eminingi nemisipha yentamo, engakhula kangangokuthi yakha izimpondo ezimbili ezengeziwe.
5. Ubuhle obunamabala banephunga elimnandi elibavikela ezinambuzaneni, futhi inani elikhulu lama-antibiotic aqukethwe esikhumbeni livimbela ukubonakala kwamathumba kanye nokusabalala kwamagciwane ayingozi.
6. Izilwane okukhulunywa ngazo angahamba ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside kunamakamela sibonga i-physiology eyingqayizivele nokudla okunejusi.
7. Ebangeni le-infrasonic, izindlulamithi ziyakwazi ukuxhumana buthule namalungu ezinhlobo zazo. Abacwaningi bakwazi ukuqopha imisindo eyenziwa izindlulamithi ezinemvamisa engaphansi kwama-hertz angu-20, futhi ezimweni eziyingozi zingabhodla futhi zibhonge kakhulu.
8. Izinwele zomsila wesilwane zincane ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunezomuntu.
9. Onobuhle base-Afrika abesifazane bazala bemile. Ingane esanda kuzalwa indizela cishe amamitha amabili phansi futhi ayilimali nhlobo lapho iwa. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, amabala ekhanda, lapho i-cartilage ifihliwe khona, inganquma ubulili bayo.
10. Icala laqoshwa lapho, ngesikhathi kugxuma indlulamithi, ibhubesi lageja futhi lashaywa ngamandla esifubeni. Umsebenzi wasesiqiwini uphoqeleke ukuthi adubule lesi silwane esinenselo, isifuba saso esiphuke.
11. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bezingela futhi bebulala izilwane ukuze bathole inyama emnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo zazisetshenziselwa ukwenza izintambo, izintambo zemicibisholo nezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, amasongo oqobo kanye nezintambo zenziwe ngamatshakaza omsila, futhi isikhumba sasisebenza njengento eyinhloko yokwakha izihlangu eziqinile, iziswebhu nezigubhu. Manje emvelweni, lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zitholakala kuphela eziqiwini naseziqiwini. Indlulamithi ingesinye sezilwane ezimbalwa ngizizwa ngikhulu ekuthunjweni njalo aveze inzalo.
12. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izilwane zisengozini emgodini wokuchelela, lapho zigoba ngendlela exakile futhi zingenaso isikhathi sokubaleka lapho zihlaselwa.

Ezinye “izindlulamithi”

1. Umlaza Indlulamithi (isuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi “Camelopardalis”) ingumlaza oyindilinga kungcono ukubheka endaweni yamazwe e-CIS kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari.
2. Upiyano Lwendlulamithi (elisuselwa kwelesiJalimane elithi "Giraffenklavier") enye yezinhlobonhlobo zepiyano eqondile ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ukuthola igama layo ngenxa ye-silhouette, okusikhumbuza isilwane segama elifanayo.

Indlulamithi iyisilwane esihlakaniphe ngokumangalisayo esinemikhuba eyingqayizivele ebonakala ngayo kuphela. Ukuthula, isimo esimnene nokubukeka okuhlekisayo kwalezi zilwane ngeke kushiye abantu abangenandaba.