Uyini umehluko phakathi kwegundane negundane (isithombe) - ithebula lokuqhathanisa

Abanye abantu abawazi umehluko phakathi kwegundane negundane. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwabo ubukhulu kuphela. Kanti abanye baze baphikise: igundane negundane kuyisilwane esisodwa ebudaleni obuhlukene. Kodwa akunjalo.

Ngabe amagundane namagundane afana ngani

Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zifakwe ngokulandelana kwamagundane omndeni wamagundane. Kukhona nezinye izici ezivamile. Ngenxa yabo, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zivame ukudideka.

Amagundane namagundane: izici ezijwayelekile zokuphila

Zombili ziyizinhlobo ze-cosmopolitan. Okusho ukuthi, la magundane ahlala kuwo wonke amagumbi oMhlaba ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica naseNyakatho Ekude, awaphakeme ngisho nasezintabeni.

Lamagundane athathwa njenge-synanthropic, okungukuthi, ahlotshaniswa nabantu. Izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle zihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu, emakamelweni awusizo noma ezihloselwe ukugcina izilwane ezifuywayo. Nakuba ezindaweni ezifudumele bangahlala kude nendawo yokuhlala yabantu.

Amagundane yizilwane ezinendlela yokuphila yasebusuku neyokuhlwa. Zisebenza kakhulu ekushoneni kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, lapho zigcinwe ekuthunjweni, izilwane zivumelana nesigqi sokuphila komnikazi, zijwayele ukuphaphama ekukhanyeni futhi zinciphise umsebenzi ngesikhathi sokuphumula komuntu.

Lezi zinhlobo zamagundane zihamba kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ukugibela, ukugijima, ukugxuma kanye nokubhukuda. Njengoba zinomzimba wepulasitiki ophakeme, izilwane "zingavuza" zibe imifantu emincane kakhulu.

Amagundane ancamela ukuhlala emvelweni emakoloni lapho agcina khona isigaba. Abesilisa abadala bangahlela ukulwa phakathi kwabo. Emikhayeni, ngezinye izikhathi ubudlova budlulela nasezinganeni ezikhulile, abazali abazixosha ensimini yabo.

Amagundane ayizilwane ezihlanzekile. Bagcina inhlanzeko nokuhleleka emizini yabo. Indle kanye nezinqwaba zothuli eziboshelwe umchamo eziyishiya phakathi nohambo ziyizimpawu ezikhethekile zokunquma umzila.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo zamagundane azihlali nje kuphela emvelweni, kodwa futhi zigxila ekuthunjweni, zilawulwa kalula. Kuze kube manje, abafuyi baye bazalanisa izinhlobo zabo ezifuywayo zemibala ehlukahlukene, abathandi abaningi abajabulela ukuyigcina njengezilwane ezihambisana nabo.

ukufana ngokubukeka

Igundane libukeka ngempela njengekhophi encane yegundane:

1. Igundane lasendlini kanye negundane linemisila emide embozwe amazenga anezimpondo kanye nezinwele ezimfishane ezigqagqene. Igundane elimnyama kuphela eligqamile lapha. Umsila wakhe ugcwele izinwele eziwugqinsi.
2. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zinefinyila elibukhali, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, amehlo amnyama ayindilinga (kuma-albino abomvu noma amnyama).
3. Izici eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamagundane ama-incisors amade abukhali akhula impilo yonke, ukungabi khona kwamazinyo. Ngamazinyo azo, izilwane zingadla izinto eziqinile, ngisho nokhonkolo.

Okubalulekile! Ukukhumbula izici ezingavamile zamazinyo ala magundane, kuyadingeka lapho ugcina izilwane ukubanika ithuba lokugaya ama-incisors abo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlumela anobubanzi obungu-2-4 cm, izingcezu zamalahle zifakwa emakhejini ezifuywayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwegundane negundane

Naphezu kokufana phakathi kwala magundane, ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye:

1. Umehluko omkhulu ungenxa yenani elihlukile lama-chromosome. Kunamagundane angama-22, angama-20 kumagundane. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukweqa lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ukuze uthole inzalo.
2. Amagundane okuhlobisa afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angu-30, ngaphandle komsila. Amagundane awakhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-9 nengxenye. Ngesisindo, amagundane amakhulu afinyelela ku-650 amagremu. Igundane alilokothi libe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamagremu angu-30.
3. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inani lamagundane asanda kuzalwa kanye namagundane kowesifazane oyedwa lisuka ku-5 kuya ku-12, inani lezingono kumagundane liyahlukahluka. Igundane linezingono ezingu-12, kuyilapho igundane linezingono ezimbalwa - eziyishumi kuphela.
4. Ngenxa ye-metabolism esheshayo, umsebenzi wamagundane uyahluka kulowo wamagundane ngomsebenzi we-polyphasic. Isilwane silala izikhathi ezingu-15-20 ngosuku. Isigaba ngasinye somsebenzi sithatha imizuzu engama-25 ukuya ehoreni nesigamu. Igundane liphila "kancane kancane": lilala kanye ngosuku, uma lingaphazanyiswa.
5. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo ekudleni. Nakuba zombili lezi zinhlobo zingama-omnivores, zingahlasela futhi zidle ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, kodwa egundaneni umuzwa wemvelo wokuzingela uthuthuke kakhulu. Amagundane adla imbewu. Imizwelo yemvelo edla inyama ibonakala kuphela uma kunesidingo, yingakho bebhekwa njengabadla imifino.

Okubalulekile! Kunconywa ukondla izinhlobo ezifuywayo zamagundane ngokusanhlamvu, izithelo, amaprotheni anikezwe wona ngendlela yenkukhu ebilisiwe enamafutha aphansi, i-cottage shizi, amaqanda abilisiwe amhlophe. Akunakwenzeka ukondla inyama eluhlaza, ushizi, inyama ebhemayo, isinqumelo ezilwaneni.

Abazingeli bamagundane

Igundane linolaka kunegundane. Lapho ingozi isondela, babonisa izimangaliso zesibindi, bangahlasela ngisho nomuntu, bazivikele. Emvelweni, amagundane avame ukuzingela ngamaphakethe. Izilwane zingahlasela ziyiqembu ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlula ubukhulu bazo.

Amagundane ancamela ukuzingela wodwa. Ngakho-ke, izinambuzane kuphela, izilwane ezincane, ziba yizisulu zazo. Lezi zilwane zinamahloni, ziqaphe ngokwedlulele.

Ngenxa yezici zobuntu ezinjalo, lezi zilwane ziyizitha zemvelo. Amagundane amakhulu ahlasela amancane, awabulale, angakwazi ngisho ukuwadla. Ngakho-ke, umzwelo wokuzigcina ubeka ukuthi amagundane aqaphele izihlobo zawo ezinkulu. Ehogela iphunga legundane, amagundane amancane ashiya indawo yawo yokuhlala.

Okubalulekile! Lapho inqwaba yamagundane ithuthukile, ungathola isilwane - igundane, elivunyelwe ukugijima lizungeze indlu, lishiye iphunga layo. Izakhamuzi ezincane zamagundane ezingamenyiwe zizoshiya amakhaya azo maduze nje.

Ngesizathu esifanayo, abantu balezi zinhlobo ezimbili abakwazi ukugcinwa ndawonye. Akunconywa ngisho nokubeka amakheji nabo ekamelweni elilodwa.

Ukuqhathaniswa kobuhlakani begundane

Amagundane ahlakaniphile, ahlakaniphe kunozakwabo abancane. Ukubamba isifanekiso sasendle kuyinkinga. Bayacophelela, bayanaka, banobuqili. Uma owehluliwe ewela ogibeni kungazelelwe, utshela lonke iqoqo ngengozi. Ngeke kuphinde kuvele nesisodwa isilwane lapha.

Ziningi izindaba zokuthi la masela ahlakaniphile avula amabhodlela ewayini, avalwa ngokhokho be-polyethylene, elinye lawo lehlisela umsila entanyeni, lawukhipha, kanti amanye akhotha ubumnandi kuwo.

Noma ukuthi amagundane, edabula umfantu obanzi, abambana kanjani endleleni, eluma umsila wesilwane esiphambi kwawo ngamazinyo. Ebhulohweni elinjalo eliphilayo, lonke leli koloni lasinqoba kalula isithiyo.

Amagundane angumngane, ahlala eduze komuntu, nawo abonisa amakhono awo amangalisayo. Baqeqesheka kalula, baphendule igama, baze baqhamuke nemidlalo yabo, bameme umnikazi ukuthi ajoyine.

Azikho izindaba ezinjalo mayelana namagundane. Kodwa-ke, lezi zidalwa ezimnandi kakhulu zinganikeza abanikazi bazo izikhathi eziningi ezimnandi zokuxhumana. Baphinde banamathele kumuntu, bathinte labo ababuka impilo yabo ngemikhuba yabo.

Ubani okhula ngokushesha: igundane noma igundane

I-metabolism yamagundane iphakeme kunaleyo yegundane, ngakho-ke ubude bawo bokuphila bufushane. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwamagundane amancane ekhaya yiminyaka engu-1,5-2, kuyilapho izihlobo zabo ezinkulu ziphila iminyaka engu-2-3.

Amagundane namagundane akhula ngendlela efanayo. Eminyakeni eyi-1-1,5 izinyanga, amagundane amancane ayakwazi ukuzalanisa inzalo yawo.

Umehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwegundane negundane

Ukuze uhlukanise igundane negundane, udinga nje ukuhlola ngokucophelela isilwane:

• imisila yamagundane mide kuneyamagundane. Zilingana ngosayizi ku-70-110% womzimba. Imisila yegundane mifishane. Abakwazi ukufinyelela ngaphezu kwama-60% womzimba;
• imisila yamagundane amakhulu iminyene kunaleyo yamagundane, inamandla kakhulu (ngaphandle kwegundane elingenamsila);
• imilomo yamagundane ibukhali futhi i-oblong. Amakhanda amagundane ayindilinga futhi awakhombe kancane;
• umzimba wamagundane amancane uyindilinga ngaphezulu. Izilwane azivamile ukuqondisa, zincamela ukuhlala, zibuthene. Futhi izihlobo zabo zezinhlobo zingaphumula, zilele esiswini, zelula imilenze yazo yangemuva, njengamakati;
• uboya begundane buthambile, bu-silky, kuyilapho izinwele zegundane zifana nenqwaba eqinile;
• izitho zokuzwa zamagundane zihlelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Izindlebe zamagundane zincane, ziyindilinga. Abukeka njengamacembe agoqiwe. Izindlebe zamagundane ziminyene, zibukhali, azisongekile.

Ithebula lomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagundane afuywayo namagundane