Oshaka abayi-10 abahamba phambili emhlabeni

Izinhlanzi ezinjalo ezidla inyama njengoshaka ngokuvamile ziba umlingisi kumafilimu asabekayo - konke ngoba kunezinganekwane eziningi mayelana nalezi zinhlanzi. Sonke siyazi ukuthi ushaka uhlasela abantu, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele ... Iqiniso liwukuthi ushaka akahlukanisi ukuthi ubani ophambi kwakhe: umuntu, inhlanzi noma uphawu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uthanda inyama ye-seal kakhulu kunomuntu, ngakho-ke ushaka unqunyelwe ukugxila kumuntu kuphela, khona-ke uyaqonda ukuthi ubani ophambi kwakhe futhi ulahlekelwa yisithakazelo. Kodwa asikhulumi ngabo bonke oshaka - abanye babo bayingozi kakhulu ngempela.

Uthi bewaziukuthi ushaka wavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-450 edlule? Izinhlobo eziningi sezinyamalele, kodwa oshaka basala. Ngendlela, izilwane ezidla ezinye zasendulo azishintshile kakhulu. Cishe izinhlobo zoshaka ezingaba ngu-350 zihlala emanzini oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba, futhi zonke zihlukile.

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela mayelana noshaka abayishumi abesaba kakhulu - sithemba ukuthi ube nesikhathi esihle sokufunda.

10 Ushaka Omncane

Kusukela egameni usuvele uqonde ukuthi kungani ushaka waqanjwa kangaka. Isici sawo esihlukanisayo isimo sekhanda elingenalutho ngaphandle kwamakhona abukhali. I-blunt-nosed shark (aka “bull shark”) ihlala e-Atlantic Ocean, ogwini lwase-Australia, ogwini lwase-Indochina, kanye naseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. Ushaka akahlangatshezwa emilonyeni yemifula kuphela, kodwa nasenhla nomfula. Uhlasela imfuyo eshayelwa ngabelusi ukuyoyiphuzisa, futhi uvamise ukusebenzisa isinqe sekhanda ukuze asisuse ezinyaweni zakhe isisulu sakhe. Abantu bavame ukuba yizisulu. Ngemva kokubamba inyamazane, oshaka bayayidudula futhi bayilume baze bangasakwazi ukubaleka.

Iqiniso elihehayo: ngo-1916 kwaba nochungechunge lwezigameko zokubulawa kwabantu. Ababevakashele ogwini lwaseNew Jersey babulawa. Kukholakala ukuthi ushaka inkunzi uyathinteka kuleli cala. Indaba igqugquzele uPeter Benchley ukuthi abhale imihlathi.

9. I-Goblin shark

Ukubukeka kwayo, uma sikubeka kancane, kuyethusa ... Yebo, futhi i-goblin shark (ngamanye amazwi, "inhlanzi yolwandle olujulile", "brownnie") ayifundwa kahle. Imikhovu inomphetho omise okwejiva emakhaleni awo. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela isidlo sakusihlwa endleleni kashaka olambile, imihlathi enamandla iphuma ekhaleni layo eliyisicaba. Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-goblin shark encane yabanjwa ngo-1898, yahlukaniswa ngokuthi i-Mitsukurina owstoni ngokuhlonishwa kukaKakechi Mitsukuri - uprofesa owayibamba, kanye no-Alan Ouston - nguye owaqala ukuyifunda.

Inombolo enkulu yoshaka engavamile ihlala eJapane. Njengoba kungakabi khona imihlangano phakathi kwabatshuzi nababhukudi noshaka, kunzima ukuhlola izinga lengozi yalo kubantu, kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele ahlale eqaphile.

Iqiniso elihehayo: i-goblin shark yafakwa ohlwini lwe-Red Book njengezinhlobo eziyivelakancane futhi ezingafundwanga kahle. Imihlathi yoshaka ibaluleke kakhulu ngabaqoqi - bazimisele ukuyikhokhela imali eshisiwe.

8. ushaka we-hammerhead

Omunye ushaka othakazelisayo. Ukubukeka kwayo okungavamile kuyamangaza, kodwa kuhlangene nokwesaba ... Ngaphezu kokubukeka, ushaka we-hammerhead mkhulu ngosayizi: ubude bawo bungaphezu kwamamitha angu-4, kodwa lokhu akuwona umkhawulo. Abanye abantu bangamamitha ayi-7 noma ayi-8 ubude. Kukholakala ukuthi ukulwa ne-hammerhead shark kuzonqotshwa kusengaphambili - kuhlale kunqoba. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziye zaphetha ngokuthi ikhanda lakhe elimise isando liwumphumela wokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kungazelelwe. Lolu hlobo alukwazi ukubona njengabanye oshaka, kodwa babona umhlaba ngombono wabo oseceleni.

Uma ushaka we-hammerhead eyozingela, udinga ukungabonwa. Ingabe lo shaki uyingozi kubantu? Akwaziwa. E-India, eThailand, isibonelo, lezi zinhlanzi zithandwa ngabadobi - inyama yoshaka idliwa ngokuphepha.

7. Ushaka othosiwe

Lesi sidalwa esiyingozi nesiyingqayizivele sibhekwa njengenkosi ekujuleni kwamanzi. Ushaka othosiwe (obizwa nangokuthi "i-gaffered") uyinzalo yenyoka yasolwandle edumile, iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-95, okuyinto emangalisayo, ayizange ishintshe nhlobo. Lo shaka uyinsalela ngoba awuzange uguquke eminyakeni edlule.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uye wazitholela ukuphila okuphumelelayo ngenxa yendlela yokuphila ekujuleni kolwandle. Ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-600, unezitha ezimbalwa. Cishe uyazibuza ukuthi kungani yayibizwa kanjalo? Kulula – bheka nje ukubukeka kwakhe. I-placenta yakhe engavamile insundu ngombala futhi ifana nejazi. Ushaka unekhono elimangalisayo lokugwinya isisulu ngokuphelele.

Ushaka othosiwe usohlwini olubomvu lwe-IUCN futhi usengozini yokushabalala.

6. ushaka omkhulu

Ushaka womlomo omkhulu, nakuba ungakhangi kakhulu ngokubukeka futhi uvusa ukwesaba ngobukhulu bawo - (unesisindo esingamathani angu-1,5 futhi ubude bomzimba wakhe bungaba ngamamitha angu-6), kodwa isidalwa asinangozi. Ukutholwa okuvusa amadlingozi kwalolu hlobo kwenzeka muva nje - ngo-1976 futhi ngengozi ngokuphelele. Ngalowo nyaka, umkhumbi we-US Navy hydrographic wenza inhlolovo eziqhingini zaseHawaii. Ihange elintantayo lehliselwa emanzini lisuka ohlangothini lomkhumbi waseMelika, futhi lapho liphakanyiswa libuyiselwe emuva, kwatholakala inhlanzi engaziwa kuwo.

Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lubhekwa njengevelakancane emhlabeni. Indawo abaphila kuyo ayihlolisiswa kangako, kodwa oshaka batholakala olwandle lwase-Indian, Pacific, ne-Atlantic. Njengoshaka othosiwe, ushaka omlomo omkhulu uyisidalwa sasolwandle.

5. wabona ushaka

Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-9 ezakha i-oda elithi "sawtooth". Isici esihluke kakhulu seqembu ikhala elide eliyisicaba, elimbozwe nhlangothi zombili ngamazinyo amakhulu. Esinye isici ukuba khona kwezimpondo ezitholakala phakathi nekhala. Ngokuvamile oshaka abasaha badidaniswa noshaka abasaha, kodwa kunomehluko phakathi kwabo. Kumasaha, ama-gill slits atholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba ngemuva kwekhanda. Ku-stingray ye-sawfly, engxenyeni ye-ventral yomzimba.

Ku-saw shark, amaphiko e-pectoral ahlukene nomzimba, kuyilapho emisebeni kungukuqhubeka komzimba. I-saw shark ayibeki ingozi kubantu, nakuba ukubonakala kwayo, yiqiniso, kuyethusa. Kodwa uma uthintana naye, ungakhohlwa ngamazinyo akhe abukhali - angabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Uhlobo lusatshalaliswa emanzini afudumele, ashisayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, oshaka bahlala ekujuleni okungashoni - akukho ngaphezu kwama-40-50 m, kodwa abanye abantu bafika ekujuleni kwe-1 km.

4. ushaka kagwayi

Ezinye izidalwa zeplanethi yethu ziyamangala ngendlela ezibukeka ngayo! Ushaka we-cigar (owaziwa nangokuthi “okhanyayo waseBrazil”) ubukeka emuhle kakhulu futhi ubonakala engakwazi ukulimaza, kodwa uma ubhekwa kubi kakhulu ... Umzingeli uhlala emanzini afudumele olwandle. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane (ushaka kufinyelela ku-52 cm ubude), izilwane ezinobukhulu obuphindwe kaningi zingase zihlupheke. Ushaka uzingela ikakhulukazi inyamazane encane, ungakwazi ukuququda emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ezinkulu nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Unamazinyo abukhali kangangokuthi ngisho noshaka omkhulu omhlophe akanawo. Kuke kwaba nezimo lapho ehlasela abantu - ngo-2009 waluma umbhukudi uMichael Spalding eHawaii, kwathi ngo-2012 kwaba nesigameko lapho ushaka kagwayi eluma esikebheni samatilosi esiphefumulayo. Ngenhlanhla, basinda ngokulungisa isikebhe.

3. ushaka wesihlabathi

Mhlawumbe ushaka wesihlabathi (aka "nurse shark", "sand tiger") ubukeka esabisa, kodwa awubeki ingozi enkulu kubantu. Lolu hlobo lunokuthula, oshaka bangakwazi ukubhukuda kalula eduze kwabantu futhi bangabathinti. Ziba nolaka kuphela uma abantu belunywe ukudla abakuthandayo. Bangakhombisa nokungafuni uma bezungezwe abatshuzi be-scuba. Ushaka wesihlabathi uhlala emanzini asogwini lwamazwekazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi (ngaphandle kogu lwePacific lwaseMelika).

Ummeleli wezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi mkhulu - ubude bukashaka bufinyelela ku-4 m, uzingela ama-squid, izinhlanzi ezinamathambo kanye noshaka abancane. Ihlala emanzini angashoni endaweni ephakathi kwamagagasi, izama ukuhlala ekujuleni okungashoni - kufika ku-2 m.

2. ushaka omkhulu

Ushaka omkhulu (aka “gigantic”), ofinyelela ku-10 m ubude futhi onesisindo esingamathani angu-4, awuyona ingozi kubantu, nakuba ubukeka usabeka kakhulu. Iqhathaniswa nemikhomo ngesizathu sokuthi ukudla kukashaka kuyizinto eziphilayo ze-planktonic. Ushaka omkhulu uthanda ukubhukuda usondele phezulu ukhiphe amaphiko akhe emanzini. Kulesi sici, abaseBrithani babiza ngokuthi "basking", okusho ukuthi "ukubhaka", okusho ukuthi elangeni.

Isatshalaliswa emanzini apholile asePacific, itholakala ekujuleni kuze kufike ku-1264 m. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu esihlukanisayo sangaphandle se-gigantic shark yi-gill slits - inkulu kangangokuthi ifana nohlobo oluthile lwekholomu olunqamula ikhanda lenhlanzi kusukela emuva kuya emphinjeni. Uma ubheka emlonyeni kashaka, ungabona izimbobo eziqondile – kukhona ezi-5 ohlangothini ngalunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswa ngamehlo amancane.

1. i-mackerel shark

I-Mako shark (futhi "ihlengethwa eliluhlaza", "ushaka wombani", njll.) iyisilwane esiyingozi. Uhlala ngokungesabi olwandle oluphakeme futhi uvame ukuvela endaweni yasogwini, okumenza, kuhlanganiswe nokuziphatha kwakhe okunobutha kanye nesifiso sokudla esingenakuvinjelwa, esiyingozi kubantu. UMako unejubane elikhulu, futhi uyakwazi ukugxuma aze afike ku-6 m ubude! Ushaka uhlukaniswa isici esisodwa sokuziphatha ... Angahlasela umuntu esikebheni ngokuzumayo, agxume aphume emanzini, amfake ngaphansi kwamanzi ahambe naye ...

Kungashiwo ukuthi i-mako shark inezizathu zokuziphindiselela kubantu. Ngokuvamile zibamba lolu hlobo njengokudoba kwezemidlalo. Ukunqoba komelene naye owesabekayo nonamandla kwaziswa kakhulu endaweni eyimfundamakhwela yokudoba kwezemidlalo.