Amaqiniso aphezulu ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngamahhashi

IHyracotherium yayingukhokho wamahhashi anamuhla. Kodwa kancane kancane yavela. ENyakatho Melika, lapho okhokho bamahhashi babehlala khona, isimo sezulu sishintshile, inani lamahlathi liye lancipha, kwavela ama-savannah. Izilwane kwakudingeka zivumelane nezimo ezintsha. Ukuze zihambe ngokushesha, zaba zinkulu, zashintshela ekudleni kwamakhambi, okwakulula ukukuthola.

Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingu-9-12 zamahhashi. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuyibo abenza wonke umsebenzi wemishini esindayo, babesetshenziswa njengesilo semithwalo, ukugibela, njengendlela yokudonsa ukuthutha okudonswa ngamahhashi. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwenjini, zazihlala ziseduze nabantu.

Kodwa, nokho, amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngamahhashi ozowafunda esihlokweni sethu angase akumangaze, ngoba. asazi okuningi ngezilwane, ngisho noma sihlangana nazo kaningi. Sethula kuphela izindaba ezingavamile kakhulu.

10 Abesilisa banamazinyo angama-40, kanti abesifazane banamazinyo angama-36 kuphela.

Inani lamazinyo ihhashi elinalo lilokhu lishintsha njalo empilweni yalo. Okokuqala, banama-incisors, kodwa kuphela aphakathi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-hook. Lapho ithole liphenduka inyanga eyodwa ubudala, eliphakathi liyaqhuma, kanti unqenqema - ezinyangeni ezingu-6-7. Lapho eneminyaka engu-9 izinyanga, wonke amazinyo obisi akhula kuye.

Amazinyo ahlala njalo avela kancane kancane futhi aqhume eminyakeni eminingana. Ihhashi elidala linamazinyo angama-40 kuphela. Kodwa izimbila azinawo amazinyo. Lawa mazinyo empeleni awahlanganyeli ekugayeni ukudla, abhekwa njengophawu olungavamile. Iningi lezimbila (95-98%) alinazo, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile (2-5%) ziba nazo. Cishe inani elifanayo labesilisa abanawo amazinyo; kukhona amazinyo angama-36, njengezinsikazi.

9. Ubuchopho behhashi bulingana nengxenye yomuntu.

Ubuchopho behhashi elikhulile bunesisindo esingama-270-579 g, okucishe kube ngaphansi ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunobomuntu.. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane sikhulu kakhulu futhi sisindayo, sinesisindo esingaba ngu-500-700 kg, okungukuthi ubukhulu bobuchopho obuhlobene nesisindo somzimba buncane.

Kodwa, nokho, ihhashi libhekwa njengesilwane esihlakaniphile, liziboleka ngokuphelele ekuqeqesheni. Lokhu ungakubona uma uya esekisini. Ososayensi bathi ingqondo yakhe ingafaniswa nobuhlakani bengane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala. Bakhumbula abantu ababebaphatha kahle, baqonda amagama amaningi.

Ososayensi abavela eNorway bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi banesiqalo sokucabanga okungaqondakali. Bangakwazi ukudlulisa izifiso zabo kubantu besebenzisa izimpawu ezihlukene. Lokhu kwasungulwa ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwamahhashi angu-24, ayegcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

8. Ingabheka ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa

Anamehlo amakhulu kunawo wonke uma kuziwa ezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Zitholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda, ngakho insimu yayo ebonakalayo ingu-350 °. Kuyadingeka ukuthi isilwane sisheshe sibone isilwane esizingelayo bese sisibalekela.

Unombono we-monocular othuthuke kahle (ubona ngeso elilodwa), futhi umkhakha we-binocular (amehlo amabili) umbono ungama-65 ° kuphela. Ukuze abone izinto eziseduze phansi, udinga ukwehlisa ikhala lakhe futhi abheke phansi, agobe intamo yakhe. Amahhashi angakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neluhlaza kanye nemithunzi yawo, kodwa awakwazi ukubona okubomvu.

7. Ihhanisi lamahhashi elasungulwa amaShayina

Kuze kube ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD. ihhashi lalifakwa emcamelweni, ibhande elikhethekile elalisentanyeni yehhashi. Wayengakhululekile, ngoba. waklinya isilwane ngokuzikhandla okuncane. Ngehhanisi elinjalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukulibophela enqoleni, abantu babengakwazi ukuthutha impahla emigwaqweni.

Ngo-IV BC amaShayina afika nehhanisi ekhululekile, yayingagqokwa entanyeni, kodwa ngaphesheya kwesifuba sehhashi, ngosizo lwamabhande yayixhunywe emigodini.. Umthwalo wabe usuwela kuma-clavicles nasesifubeni, intamo yesilwane ayibange isadonswa ndawonye ngamabhande aminyanisayo. Ngokhololo othambile esifubeni sehhashi, ingathwala impahla efinyelela kumathani angu-1,5.

Kungani kwafika emqondweni wamaShayina? Kwakudingeka bathwale imithwalo esihlabathini esinamathelayo, futhi amahanisi anekhololo ayengasebenzi. Basebenzisa ihhanisi elinjalo iminyaka eyinkulungwane ngaphambi kokuba livele eYurophu.

6. Amahhashi athanda amaswidi

Njengabantu, amahhashi awanandaba namaswidi, njengoshukela. Uma ufuna ukuthulisa isilwane, udinga ukumnika izingcezu ezimbalwa zikashukela. Kodwa ushukela awunazo izinzuzo zezempilo, ngakho unikezwa yena ngamanani amancane njengomvuzo phakathi nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe.

Uma ufuna ukwelapha ihhashi, kungcono ukumnika izaqathe ezimnandi, ama-apula, noma ama-crackers aphekwe ekhaya (okuthengwe esitolo akukuhle).

5. U-Old Billy uphethe irekhodi isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokuphila kwehhashi sifushane - sisuka eminyakeni engama-25 kuye kwengama-35. Kodwa kwakukhona nompetha phakathi kwabo. Phakathi kwazo - ihhashi okuthiwa u-Old Bill, owakwazi ukuphila iminyaka engu-62.

Wazalelwa eGreat Britain, ngo-1760, edolobhaneni laseWoolston. Ihhashi laliphila kanzima. Ngo-1762 yathengwa inkampani yemikhumbi. Kuze kube ngu-1819, i-Old Bill yenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu: ukudonsa izikebhe. Wabe eseyiswa ezindaweni zokulima zaseLuchford. Wafa ngoNovemba 1822.

4. U-Sampson uyihhashi elide kunawo wonke emhlabeni

E-UK, kwafuywa uhlobo lwamahhashi asindayo - iShire, eyayihlukaniswa ngokukhula okuphezulu. Kuphakathi kwabo lapho ompetha bavame ukuzalwa khona: abade kakhulu nabakhulu kunabo bonke. USampson ungummeleli walolu hlobo, ubude bakhe babungu-2 m 20 cm ekubuneni, futhi wayenesisindo samathani angu-1,52.. Futhi, nakuba azalwa ngo-1846, leli rekhodi alikakadlulwa.

Injomane yazalelwa eBedfordshire (eNgilandi), yafinyelela ubukhulu obungakholeki lapho ineminyaka engu-4 ubudala. YayingekaThomas Cleavers.

Wacishe wabanjwa, kodwa akakwazanga ukudlulwa nguBig Jake waseWisconsin, ubude bakhe ekubuneni bungu-2,17 m. Wonke umuntu obona ihhashi elikhulu uyamangala ngokukhula kwalo. Unobungane kakhulu, uthanda ukudlala nokuzulazula, uvame ukuba nengxenye emicimbini yezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi.

3. Ihhashi lika-Przewalski liwukuphela kwezinhlobo zamahhashi asendle namuhla

Yatholwa ngu-NM Przhevalsky ngo-1878, lapho ebuya ohambweni lwakhe oluya e-Asia. Wathola isipho esithakazelisayo kumthengisi u-AK Tikhonov - ugebhezi nesikhumba sehhashi, ezalethwa kuye ngabazingeli baseKazakh. Usosayensi wathumela konke lokhu eSt. Petersburg Zoological Museum, lapho bathola khona ukuthi kwakuyisilwane esingaziwa.

Lona ukuphela kommeleli wamahhashi asendle. Ama-tarpan ayengokhokho bezilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa kudala afa. Nokho, manje azitholakali endle, kodwa zifuywa eziqiwini naseziqiwini ukuze kulondolozwe lolu hlobo lwezilwane eziyivelakancane.

2. I-Mare of Prometheus - ihhashi lokuqala elihlanganisiwe

Ukudala i-clone yamahhashi yokuqala kwakungelula. Imizamo engaphumelelanga engama-327 yenziwa ngaphambi kokuba ososayensi, beholwa yi-Italian Cesare Galli, bakwazi ukudala i-Prometheus.. Lena i-haflinger mare. Wazalwa ngo-2003, ngoMeyi 28, kunina wolibofuzo. Kamuva, amanye amahhashi ahlanganiswa, kuhlanganise namaqhawe adumile, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukubeka konke lokhu emfudlaneni, ngoba. inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyabiza.

1. Ukhokho wamahhashi ihhashi langaphambi komlando u-Eohippus

Okhokho bamahhashi anamuhla babebizwa ngokuthi "ama-hyracotheres". Lolu uhlobo olungasekho, abameleli bokuqala abafana nehhashi.. Isilwane esincane, ukuphakama emahlombe okungadluli ku-20 cm. Yadla amaqabunga nezithelo.

Ngokubukeka, wayengafani nhlobo nenzalo yakhe: enomhlane ogobile, umlomo omfushane nezidladla, nomsila omude. Wayengenazinselo, kodwa kuphela izitho ezinezinzwane ezine, ngokunemba kakhudlwana, iminwe emine emilenzeni yangaphambili, neminwe emi-4 emilenzeni yangemuva. Yayifana nempungushe ngosayizi. Babehlala emahlathini anamaxhaphozi, ngamaqembu, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.