Ukuvela kwezingulube eYurophu

Ukutholwa kweMelika nguChristopher Columbus kwenza ukuthintana kweguinea pig ne-Old World. Lamagundane afika eYurophu, alethwa ngemikhumbi abanqobi baseSpain emakhulwini amane eminyaka edlule besuka ePeru.

Ngokokuqala ngqá, i-Guinea pig yachazwa ngokwesayensi emibhalweni ka-Aldrovandus nowayephila ngesikhathi sakhe uGesner, owaphila ekhulwini lama-30. Ngokocwaningo lwabo, kuvela ukuthi i-Guinea pig yalethwa eYurophu cishe eminyakeni eyi-1580 ngemuva kokunqoba kukaPizarro phezu kwamaNdiya, okusho ukuthi cishe i-XNUMX

Iguinea pig ibizwa ngokuhlukile emazweni ahlukene.

ENgilandi - ingulube encane yaseNdiya - ingulube encane yaseNdiya, i-cavy engahlaliseki - ingulube engaphumuli (ehambayo), ingulube yaseGuinea - ingulube yaseGuinea, i-cavy yasekhaya - ingulube yasekhaya.

AmaNdiya abiza ingulube igama abantu baseYurophu abalizwa ngokuthi "cavy". AbaseSpain abahlala eMelika babiza lesi silwane igama leSpanishi likanogwaja, kanti abanye abahlali bamakoloni baqhubeka ngenkani ukuyibiza ngokuthi ingulube encane, leli gama lalethwa eYurophu kanye nesilwane. Ngaphambi kokufika kwabaseYurophu eMelika, ingulube yayiwukudla kwabomdabu. Bonke ababhali baseSpain bangaleso sikhathi babhekisela kuye njengonogwaja omncane.

Kungase kubonakale kuxakile ukuthi lesi silwane sasendle sibizwa ngokuthi i-guinea pig, nakuba singesona esohlobo lwengulube futhi asisona esazalelwa eGuinea. Lokhu kungenzeka, kungenxa yendlela abeLungu abafunda ngayo ngokuba khona kwemvukuzane. Lapho abaseSpain bengena ePeru, babona isilwane esincane esithengiswayo! ifana kakhulu nengulube encela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ababhali basendulo babiza iMelika ngokuthi yiNdiya. Yingakho babiza lesi silwane esincane ngokuthi i-porco da India, i-porcella da India, ingulube yaseNdiya.

Igama elithi guinea pig libonakala livela esiNgisini, futhi uM. Cumberland uthi, cishe, livela eqinisweni lokuthi amaBrithani ayenobudlelwane obuningi bezohwebo nogu lwaseGuinea kunaseNingizimu Melika, ngakho-ke ayejwayele ukubukeka. eGuinea njengengxenye yeNdiya. Ukufana kwengulube nengulube yasekhaya kwavela ikakhulukazi endleleni abantu bomdabu ababeyipheka ngayo ukuze idle: babeyithela ngamanzi abilayo ukuze bayihlanze ngoboya, njengoba kwakwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe amabhulukwe engulubeni.

E-France, i-Guinea pig ibizwa ngokuthi i-cochon d'Inde - ingulube yaseNdiya - noma i-cobaye, eSpain yi-Cochinillo das India - ingulube yaseNdiya, e-Italy - i-porcella da India, noma i-porchita da India - ingulube yaseNdiya, e-Portugal - i-Porguinho da India – Indian mumps, in Belgium – cochon des montagnes – mountain pig, in Holland – Indiaamsoh varken – Indian pig, in Germany – Meerschweinchen – Guinea pig.

Ngakho-ke, kuvunyelwe ukwenza ukucabanga ukuthi ingulube ye-Guinea isakazeka eYurophu kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga, futhi igama elikhona eRussia - i-guinea pig, okungenzeka libonisa ukungeniswa kwezingulube "kusuka phezu kolwandle", emikhunjini; ingxenye yomumbu yasakazeka isuka eJalimane, yingakho igama lesiJalimane elithi guinea pig nalo ladlulela nakithi, kuyilapho kuwo wonke amanye amazwe yaziwa ngokuthi ingulube yaseNdiya. Kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho ibizwe phesheya kwezilwandle, bese kuthiwa ulwandle.

Iguinea pig ayihlangene nolwandle noma izingulube. Lona kanye igama elithi “mumps” lavela, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwakheka kwekhanda lezilwane. Mhlawumbe yingakho bembiza ngengulube. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ngomzimba omude, ijazi elimahhadla, intamo emfushane, nemilenze emifushane; imilenze yangaphambili ine, futhi izitho zangemuva zineminwe emithathu, ehlome ngezinzipho ezinkulu ezimise okwenselo, ezinezimbambo. Ingulube ayinamsila. Lokhu kubuye kuchaze igama lesilwane. Lapho isesimweni esizolile, izwi leguinea pig lifana nokugedla kwamanzi, kodwa esimweni sokwesaba, liphenduka i-screech. Ngakho-ke umsindo owenziwe yile gundane ufana kakhulu nokububula kwezingulube, okusobala ukuthi kungani ibizwa ngokuthi "ingulube". Kucatshangwa ukuthi eYurophu, kanye nasezweni lakubo, i-Guinea pig ekuqaleni yayisebenza njengokudla. Mhlawumbe, imvelaphi yegama lesiNgisi lezingulube ixhunywe nalezi zenzakalo - i-guinea pig - ingulube ye-Guinea (iGuinea - kuze kube ngu-1816, uhlamvu lwemali lwegolide lwesiNgisi oluyinhloko, lwathola igama layo kusukela ezweni (Guinea), lapho igolide lidingeka khona. ngoba ukumbiwa kwayo kwakumbiwa).

Ingulube ingowohlelo lwamagundane, umndeni wezingulube. Isilwane sinezimpande ezimbili zamanga, ama-molars ayisithupha kanye nama-incisors amabili emhlathini ngamunye. Isici sesici sawo wonke amagundane ukuthi ama-incisors awo akhula kukho konke ukuphila kwawo.

Ama-incisors ama-rodents ambozwe nge-koqweqwe lwawo - into enzima kunazo zonke - kuphela ohlangothini lwangaphandle, ngakho-ke ingemuva le-incisor lisuswa ngokushesha futhi ngenxa yalokhu, indawo ebukhali, yangaphandle yokusika ihlale igcinwa.

Ama-incisors asebenza ngokuluma phakathi kwe-roughage ehlukahlukene (iziqu zezitshalo, izitshalo zezimpande, utshani, njll.).

Ekhaya, eNingizimu Melika, lezi zilwane zihlala emakoloni amancane emathafeni agcwele izihlahlana. Bamba imigodi futhi bahlele izindawo zokukhosela ngendlela yawo wonke amadolobha angaphansi komhlaba. Ingulube ayinazo izindlela zokuzivikela ezitheni futhi iyodwa izobhujiswa. Kodwa ukuthatha iqembu lalezi zilwane ngokuzumayo akulula kangako. Ukuzwa kwabo kucashile kakhulu, umuzwa wabo wemvelo umane uyamangalisa, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, bayashintshana ngokuphumula nokuqapha. Uma kuhlaba umkhosi, izingulube zivele zicashe emink, lapho isilwane esikhulu singakwazi ukukhasa. Isivikelo esengeziwe segundane ukuhlanzeka kwayo okungajwayelekile. Ingulube izikhathi eziningi ngosuku “iyageza”, ikame futhi ikhothe uboya yona kanye nabantwana bayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umhlaseli uzokwazi ukuthola ingulube ngephunga, imvamisa ijazi layo loboya likhipha iphunga elincane lotshani.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cavia yasendle. Zonke zifana nezasekhaya ngaphandle, azinamsila, kodwa umbala woboya unombala owodwa, ngokuvamile ompunga, onsundu noma onsundu. Nakuba insikazi inezingono ezimbili kuphela, ngokuvamile kunamawundlu angu-3-4 kudoti owodwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2. Amawundlu akhule kahle, abona, akhula ngokushesha futhi emva kwezinyanga ezi-2-3 wona ngokwawo asevele ekwazi ukuzala. Emvelweni, kuvame ukuba namalitha ama-2 ngonyaka, nangaphezulu ekuthunjweni.

Ngokuvamile isisindo sengulube endala silinganiselwa ku-1 kg, ubude buba ngu-25 cm. Kodwa-ke, isisindo sesampula ngayinye sifinyelela ku-2 kg. Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwegundane bukhulu kakhulu - iminyaka engu-8-10.

Njengesilwane saselabhorethri, i-Guinea pig ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu kumagciwane ezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo kubantu nasezilwaneni zasemapulazini. Leli khono lezingulube ze-Guinea linqume ukusetshenziswa kwazo ekuxilongeni izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo zabantu nezilwane (isibonelo, i-diphtheria, i-typhus, isifo sofuba, izindlala, njll.).

Emisebenzini ye-bacteriologists yasekhaya neyangaphandle kanye ne-virologists I.I. Mechnikov, N.F. Gamaleya, R. Koch, P. Roux nabanye, i-Guinea pig ibilokhu ihlezi futhi ithatha enye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwezilwane zaselabhorethri.

Ngakho-ke, i-Guinea pig yayibaluleke kakhulu futhi ibaluleke kakhulu njengesilwane selabhorethri yezokwelapha kanye ne-bacteriology yezilwane, i-virology, i-pathology, i-physiology, njll.