Umzimba wegundane: izici zesakhiwo sekhanda, umlomo, izidladla namazinyo (isithombe)

Isikhathi eside, amagundane ayewuphawu lwezimo ezingahlanzekile nesintu esesabayo, eba izimpawu zokugula noma indlala. Babebhekwa njengezinambuzane kuze kube yilapho kuvela izilwane zokuhlobisa ezikhangayo, ezithi, mayelana nokuhlakanipha nokuxhumana, zingaqhudelana namakati nezinja ezijwayelekile.

Uma uzothola igundane, kubalulekile ukumela umehluko phakathi kwamagundane, amagundane, ama-hamster ukuze unikeze isilwane ukunakekelwa okufanele kakhulu nezimo.

Izici ezijwayelekile zesilwane

Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ubude bomzimba wegundane bungasuka ku-8 kuye ku-30 ​​cm. Isici esihlukile umsila omude, ngezinye izikhathi udlula ubude bomzimba. Isisindo sesilwane sisuka ku-37-400 g. Ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu bamagundane ampunga bangafinyelela isisindo esingu-0,5 kg.

I-shades ye-classic yoboya impunga futhi insundu, nakuba kukhona nemibala ephuzi ne-orange. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagundane asendle ampunga namnyama, atholakala yonke indawo. Amanye amagundane ahlala endaweni echazwe ngokuqinile.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zifaneleka kakhulu ukugcinwa ekhaya:

Ikhanda legundane

Inhloko yesilwane inalezi zici ezilandelayo:

• umumo omude;
• ubukhulu obukhulu obuhlobene nomzimba;
• ikhala elibukhali;
• amehlo amancane amnyama;
• izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga.

Ihlukaniswe yaba ingxenye yangaphambili - i-muzzle, neyongemuva. Ikhanda legundane lihlukaniswa nomzimba ngentamo emfushane futhi ewugqinsi. Indlebe yangaphandle ibukeka njengegobolondo eligudlukayo. Kusukela esisekelweni salo ekujuleni kwethambo lesikhashana kushiya inyama yokuzwa.

Ubuso begundane

Indawo ye-muzzle ihlanganisa:

• ikhala;
• izisekelo zamehlo;
• umlomo;
• izihlathi;
• indawo yokuhlafuna.

I-fissure yomlomo itholakala emaphethelweni angaphambili nangemuva omlomo. Amakhala abekwe phezulu ekhaleni eduze komunye nomunye. Ngokushesha ngaphansi kwekhala, i-groove eqondile iqala, ngenxa yokuthi ama-incisors angaphezulu avela, ngisho noma i-rodent igcina umlomo wayo uvaliwe.

Kukhona ama-vibrissae eduze kwechopho lekhala. Izitho zokuthinta ezisiza isilwane ukuthi sihambe sihlole izinto ezisendleleni. Amehlo agxilile, avikelwe amajwabu amehlo anyakazayo. Amagundane nawo abonakala ngokuba khona kwejwabu leso lesithathu - ulwelwesi lwe-nictitating, nokukhanya okubomvu kwamehlo.

Igundane linamazinyo amangaki

Uhlelo oluthile lwamazinyo luyisici esihlukile samagundane asendle nawokuhlobisa. Ingqikithi yenani lamazinyo ayi-16, okuyi-12 kuwo i-molars ehlafunayo kanye namapheya ama-2 ama-incisors amade engxenyeni emaphakathi yomhlathi. Kukhona igebe elibalulekile phakathi kwabo nama-molar.

Inhloso yama-incisors iyaluma. Ibukhali futhi inamandla, ivumela isilwane ukuthi singadli okusanhlamvu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane, kanye nezilwane ezincane. Ngenxa yalokhu, igundane lasendle livame ukusebenza njengesilwane esizingelayo. Futhi, amandla akhethekile alawa mapheya amazinyo avumela amagundane ukuba abhekane nezinkuni, ukhonkolo nocingo lwensimbi.

Ama-incisors amagundane akhula njalo, ngakho adinga ukucijwa njalo. Lapho ugcina izilwane zokuhlobisa, kuyadingeka ukuzihlinzeka ngamadivaysi akhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane singase sihlupheke ngamazinyo agcwele. Uqweqwe lwawo lukhona kuphela endaweni engaphambili yama-incisors. Ingemuva limbozwe i-dentin, into ethambile eguga ngokushesha.

Ama-molars afakwe ama-tubercles noma ama-ridges okuhlafuna ngempumelelo ukudla. Kubantu abadala, ziyasulwa. I-koqweqwe lwawo lugcinwa kuphela ezinhlangothini, phakathi nendawo nayo ihlanganiswe ne-dentin.

umzimba wamagundane

Umzimba wegundane unomumo obude. Zihlukaniswe:

• isifunda se-dorsal-thoracic, esihlanganisa izifunda ze-dorsal kanye ne-interscapular;
• i-lumbar-abdominal, ihlukaniswe phakathi kwesisu kanye nomhlane ophansi;
• i-sacro-gluteal, kufaka phakathi izifunda ze-pelvic ne-sacral.

Uboya : uyini umzimba wegundane elimbozwe ngani

Isikhumba segundane simbozwe ngoboya obuhlukahlukene. Izinwele eziwugqinsi nezinde zenzelwe ukupholisa kanye nesikhumba ekulimaleni kwangaphandle. I-undercoat, ebizwa nangokuthi i-undercoat, iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa lomzimba.

Zonke izinwele zenziwe ngezinto ezinophondo. Isisekelo sinamathele esikhwameni sezinwele, lapho imigudu yezindlala ze-sebaceous ivuliwe. Amafutha afihliwe aklanyelwe ukugcoba ijazi nesikhumba, anikeze ukunwebeka.

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wegundane

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wegundane lokuhlobisa liyi-38,5-39,5 degrees. Ngokunyuka okuncane, ukucindezeleka, ukushisa kokushisa, noma isigaba sokuqala sokutheleleka kungacatshangwa. Izinga lokushisa elingu-40,5 degrees liwuphawu lokuya emtholampilo ngokushesha, kodwa udinga ukulehlisa ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amaphakethe eqhwa noma ukuhlikihla izindlebe ngezingcezu ezincane zeqhwa.

Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kubonisa isifo esithathelwanayo esithuthukisiwe noma ukushaqeka. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuyiphakamisa ngamapayipi okushisa, bese uthatha ngokushesha isilwane kudokotela wezilwane.

Izidladla zamagundane

Izidladla zangaphambili zegundane zihlanganisa:

• amakhwapha;
• ihlombe;
• indololwane;
• umphambili;
• ibhulashi.

Izinyawo zegundane langemuva zihlukaniswe:

• inqulu;
• i-shin;
• indawo yesithende;
• indawo ye-tarsal;
• more

Igundane lineminwe emingaki

Iminwe yegundane ihamba kakhulu. Ezidlalweni zangaphambili, uzwane olukhulu luyancishiswa futhi lubukeka njengesiphunzi esifushane. Eminye iminwe ithuthukiswe ngokugcwele.

Emilenzeni yangemuva kukhona yonke iminwe emi-5, mikhulu ngosayizi kunasemilenzeni yangaphambili. Izintende nezinyawo zingenalutho.

Ukuqonda okuphelele kwesakhiwo somzimba wesilwane esifuywayo kuzokusiza wenze ukukhetha okufanele futhi uthole umuntu onempilo ozojabulisa umnikazi iminyaka eminingana.