I-edema yamaphaphu kumakati namakati

I-edema yamaphaphu - kuyini

I-edema yamaphaphu akusona isifo esizimele, siwumphumela wezinye izifo. Ngokuvamile, i-alveoli yamaphaphu (amabhamuza anezindonga ezincane ezithinta ama-capillaries) agcwala umoya: umoya-mpilo lapho uphefumula kanye ne-carbon dioxide lapho uphefumula. Phakathi kwawo nama-capillaries kukhona ukushintshana okungaguquki kwamagesi, ngenxa yokuthi igazi lihlala ligcwele umoya-mpilo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathological, i-alveoli igcwele uketshezi, okuphazamisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi futhi ivimbele ukugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini. Izicubu azitholi inani elifanele le-oxygen, i-hypoxia iyakhula. Wonke amangqamuzana omzimba azwela ukuntula umoya-mpilo, kodwa izinhlelo zezinzwa nenhliziyo zithinteka kakhulu. I-hypoxia ende ngenxa ye-edema yamaphaphu ingaholela ekufeni kwenani elikhulu lama-neurons obuchopho, futhi kamuva ekufeni kwesilwane. Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo yenzeka ngokushesha.

Izinhlobo ze-edema yamaphaphu emakati

Ngokwemvelo yokuqhubeka, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-edema yamaphaphu emakati namakati ziyahlukaniswa:

• umbani ngokushesha - ukhula ngokushesha, ngokuvamile kubangela ukufa kwesilwane esifuywayo;
• i-acute - futhi ibonakala ngenkambo esheshayo, kodwa, ngokungafani neyangaphambili, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasindisa impilo yekati;
• i-subacute - ibonakala ngokushintshana kweziqephu zokungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu kanye nokuxolelwa;
• okungamahlalakhona - kungaqhubeka iminyaka.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imvelo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-edema ayikwazi ukubikezelwa, ngoba le nqubo incike ezimweni eziningi: iminyaka yekati, izici zokuzivikela, izici zesifo esicasulayo, izimo zokuphila kanye neminye imingcele. Ngezinye izikhathi i-pathology ikhula ngokushesha kangangokuthi kusele imizuzu embalwa kuphela yosizo lokuqala.

Izimbangela ze-edema yamaphaphu emakati

Izimbangela lapho ikati noma ikati lingathola khona i-edema yamaphaphu zihlukaniswe zibe yi-cardiogenic ne-non-cardiogenic. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa ama-pathologies azalwa nawo futhi atholwe ohlelweni lwenhliziyo: ukukhubazeka, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cardiosclerosis, i-pulmonary embolism, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-valve yenhliziyo, nabanye.

Iqembu lesibili lezici ezivusa i-edema yamaphaphu emakati lihlanganisa:

• ukulimala kwesifuba (lapho uwa, isibonelo, kusuka kuvulandi noma efasiteleni);
• ukungezwani komzimba nezinto zokwelapha, izitshalo, okuphakelayo kwekhwalithi embi;
• ukudakwa ngamakhompiyutha anobuthi avela endaweni yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi, evela ezifweni ezithile (ama-neoplasms, i-pathologies yesistimu yomchamo, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane);
• ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni emzimbeni ngenxa yamaphutha ekudleni kwesilwane esifuywayo, izifo zesibindi, izinso, i-metabolism;
• i-pathologies ye-hormonal, ngokuvamile ngokukhuluphala.

Futhi, i-edema yamaphaphu ingenzeka njengokusabela ku-anesthesia, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuthenwa.

Izimpawu ze-pathology

Kubalulekile ukuthi umnikazi aqaphele izimpawu ze-edema yamaphaphu ngesikhathi futhi asithumele ngokushesha isilwane emtholampilo. Udinga ukuqaphela uma ikati linezimpawu ezilandelayo ze-pathology:

• ukuphefumula njalo, ukuphefumula;
• ukuphefumula kwenziwa yisisu, esibonakala kakhulu (umlomo uvame ukuvuleka);
• ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomlomo womlomo (ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba) luthola i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• ikati liyakhwehlela, likhipha imfihlo ewuketshezi;
• isilwane siphefumula, sisakaza kakhulu izitho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kukhona ukuphefumula kwesisu esindayo endaweni elele eceleni;
• ukuhefuzela kuzwakala ngesikhathi ikati liphefumula.

Ikakhulukazi ngokucacile izimpawu zinqunywa ngendlela ebukhali ye-edema yamaphaphu. Ngisho nokunganyakazi okuphelele, ikati likhathazekile ngokukhwehlela nokuphefumula kanzima. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isilwane singase sibe nokukhishwa kwegwebu emlonyeni ngenhlanganisela yegazi noma umbala obomvu. Isilwane sidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezilwane!

Uma i-pathology ingapheli, ukutholakala kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obuthile. Esikhundleni se-supine, azikho izimpawu zokwephulwa, kodwa zivela kuphela ngokunyakaza okusebenzayo. Kulokhu, ikati, ngokuvamile, linomlomo ovulekile, amakhala avuvukele. Angakwazi ukudonsa umoya, ame ukuze aphumule, aphefumule. Uma ubona izimpawu ezifanayo esilwaneni sakho, ngokushesha umyise kudokotela wezilwane, njengoba i-pathology ingaba yimbi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo

Uma ikati lakho liqala ukuminyanisa, igwebu liphuma emlonyeni, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ngokuzumayo luba luhlaza, ungesabi. Yiqiniso, isilwane sidinga imaski yomoya-mpilo, kodwa akubona bonke abanaso. Ungakwazi ukumane uvule iwindi futhi ulethe isilwane sakho kuso.

Ukubiza udokotela wezilwane noma ukuya emtholampilo ngokwakho, beka ikati ohlangothini lwalo, ungavumeli ukuba likhuphuke ukuze umoya-mpilo, osuvele unikezwe ngobuningi obanele, ungachithwa ngezinqubo ezingadingekile. Endleleni eya emtholampilo noma ngenkathi ulinde udokotela, shaya isilwane sakho, khuluma naye.

Unganikezi ikati lakho noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Kuvame ukwelulekwa ukunikeza isilwane isiphuzo somchamo, njenge-furosemide. Akufanele wenze lokhu - uma umzimba uphelelwe amanzi, khona-ke amakhambi anjalo azoholela ekuwohlokeni.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-edema yamaphaphu emakati

I-edema yamaphaphu kumakati namakati itholakala nge-x-ray yesifuba. Lapho kukhona i-pathology, ukuqagela okuqondile kanye ne-lateral kubonisa ubumnyama obuhlukile endaweni yamaphaphu. Uma i-edema i-cardiogenic, isithombe sibonisa ukwanda kwezicubu zenhliziyo.

Ngokufanayo, udokotela wenza ucwaningo, ecacisa isikhathi sokuqala kwezimpawu, ama-nuances wokudla okunempilo, izimo zokuphila, njalonjalo. Udokotela wezilwane uhlola isilwane, ulalela ukuphefumula nge-stethoscope, unquma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwama-x-ray, uchwepheshe angabeka izinqubo zokuxilonga:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo (okujwayelekile, kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical);
• I-Ultrasound yenhliziyo;
• I-ECG;
• ukubhoboza kwe-pleural.

Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa, ikati lizobekwa ukwelashwa okufanele - ekhaya noma esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa

Uma isimo sekati sibucayi, uzonikezwa usizo lokuqala ngaphandle kokulinda idatha yokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungase kube ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngendlela yokujova, ukufakwa kwe-oxygen mask. Njengomthetho, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ngokushesha zikhulula ukuvuvukala futhi zibuyisele ukuphefumula kwesilwane. Uma ikati lenza ngokungahlaliseki noma linolaka, lizonikezwa umjovo wokulalisa.

Akwamukelekile ukubeka ikati ngenkani, ukumnika amanzi noma ukudla. Isilwane kulesi simo kufanele sinikezwe ukuphumula okuphelele, ngakho-ke umnikazi ngokwakhe kufanele agcine isimo sengqondo esilinganiselwe.

Isiqondiso sokwelashwa sincike ekuqineni kwe-edema yamaphaphu, kanye nesici esicasule i-pathology. Inkimbinkimbi yokwelapha, njengomthetho, ihlanganisa izidakamizwa ze-diuretic (awukwazi ukuzinika wena ekhaya!), Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen usebenzisa umcamelo okhethekile we-oxygen. Kwezinye izimo, basebenzisa umoya wokufakelwa wamaphaphu noma ukubeka ikati ekamelweni lokucindezela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo esaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba izimpawu ze-pulmonary edema seziqediwe, futhi isimo sesilwane sibuyele evamile. Njengoba kunezizathu eziningi, alukho uhlobo olulodwa lokwelapha. Kulokhu, izidakamizwa zinqunyelwe kokubili ukuqeda isici esicasulayo nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe.

Isilwane esine-edema yamaphaphu sidinga ukuqapha njalo, ngakho-ke kuhle ukusibeka esibhedlela isikhashana. Ukulalela inhliziyo ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuqapha isimo segazi, ukuphefumula, imithi evamile ngokohlelo olunqunyiwe - konke lokhu kwandisa amathuba okululama ngokugcwele. Uma kunesidingo, udokotela uzokwenza umjovo wokubulala izinzwa, anikeze i-decongestant, ikhambi lenhliziyo.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ze-edema yamaphaphu emakati zikhula emakatini amancane namadala, njengoba amasosha abo omzimba engaqinile ngokwanele. Imiphumela engemihle engaba khona ihlanganisa:

• inyumoniya;
• ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
• i-acidosis (ukwanda kwe-acidity yegazi);
• pulmonary fibrosis (izibazi zamaphaphu);
• i-emphysema yamaphaphu;
• i-sepsis.

Uma umnikazi wekati ephendukela kudokotela sekwephuzile, ukufa kwesilwane akunakugwenywa. Ukuvuvukala kuholela ekushayweni kwenhliziyo noma ekuvinjweni kwendlela yokuphefumula.

isibikezelo

Ukuze unikeze noma yisiphi isibikezelo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela izici zesici esiholela edema ye-pulmonary. Uma kuyimbangela engeyona eye-cardiogenic, kulula ukuyiphatha, ngakho-ke ukubikezela kukuhle kakhulu. Ebukhoneni bezifo zesistimu yenhliziyo, umphumela omuhle kufanele ubikezelwe ngokuqapha. Ngisho nokuhambisana ngokugcwele nezincomo zikadokotela, amathuba okubuyela emuva ahlala ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ufuzo lwesilwane esifuywayo, izici zomzimba, i-psyche, izimo zokuphila nezinye izici zibaluleke kakhulu.

izindlela zokuthibela

Yiqiniso, asikwazi ukulwa nezakhi zofuzo, futhi asikwazi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies yofuzo noma i-predispositions. Nokho, kusemandleni ethu ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uhambisane nezincomo ezilandelayo:

• ukuqapha okuqukethwe kwamafutha ekudleni kwekati, vimbela ukudla ngokweqile, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala;
• gwema izimo ze-hypothermia yesilwane;
• thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha kwemvelo yesilwane (unganikezi ithuba lokulimala);
• goma ngokweshejuli;
• gwema izimo ezicindezelayo ngangokunokwenzeka;
• gcina izinto eziyingozi empilweni yekati endaweni angenakuyifinyelela;
• njalo ulethe isilwane sakho emtholampilo ukuze sihlolwe ukuvimbela, ikakhulukazi uma enesifo senhliziyo esingenakwelashwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unemithi edingekayo ukuze uthole usizo lokuqala uma ikati lisengozini.