Izitshalo, Izinyoni Nezilwane Zasogwadule Lwe-Arctic: Izici Zendawo yokuhlala kanye nendlela yokuphila

I-Arctic Desert, esenyakatho kakhulu yazo zonke izindawo zemvelo, iyingxenye ye-Arctic geographical zone futhi itholakala ezindaweni ezise-Arctic, kusukela e-Wrangel Island kuya e-Franz Josef Land archipelago. Le ndawo, ehlanganisa zonke iziqhingi ze-Arctic Basin, imbozwe kakhulu izinguzunga zeqhwa neqhwa, kanye nezingcezu zamatshe nemfucumfucu.

Ugwadule lwase-Arctic: indawo, isimo sezulu nomhlabathi

Isimo sezulu sase-arctic sisho ubusika obude, obuqinile futhi ihlobo elibandayo elifushane ngaphandle kwezinkathi zonyaka kanye nesithwathwa sezulu. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya alifinyeleli ku-0 ° C, livame ukuna neqhwa, isibhakabhaka sigubuzelwe ngamafu ampunga, futhi ukwakheka kwenkungu ewugqinsi kungenxa yokuhwamuka okunamandla kwamanzi olwandle. Isimo sezulu esinjalo esinzima sakhiwe kokubili ngokuphathelene nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu le-latitudes, futhi ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kokushisa okuvela ebusweni beqhwa neqhwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izilwane ezihlala endaweni yezingwadule zase-Arctic zinomehluko obalulekile kubameleli bezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni zase-continental - kulula kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze ziphile ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinzima.

Indawo engenawo iqhwa ye-Arctic ingokoqobo embozwe yi-permafrost, ngakho-ke, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi isesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa futhi yenziwa ngesendlalelo esimpofu, esibuye sibonakale ngokuqoqwa kwe-manganese ne-iron oxides. Ezingxenyeni zamatshe ahlukahlukene, kwakheka amafilimu ayisici e-iron-manganese, anquma umbala wenhlabathi yasogwadule, kuyilapho inhlabathi ye-solonchak yakha ezindaweni ezisogwini.

Awekho cishe amatshe amakhulu namatshe e-Arctic, kodwa amatshe amancane ayisicaba, isihlabathi futhi, yiqiniso, ama-spherical concretions adumile we-sandstone ne-silicon, ikakhulukazi, ama-spherulites, atholakala lapha.

Izimila zasogwadule lwe-arctic

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-tundra ukuthi ku-tundra kukhona ithuba lokuba khona kwezinhlobonhlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo ezingadla izipho zazo, futhi ogwadule lwase-Arctic akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abekho abantu bomdabu endaweni yeziqhingi zase-Arctic futhi kakhulu abameleli abambalwa bezitshalo nezilwane.

Indawo yasogwadule lwase-Arctic ayinazo izihlahla nezihlahla, kunezindawo eziqhelelene kuphela nezindawo ezincane ezinama-lichens nama-mosses amadwala, kanye ne-algae ehlukahlukene yomhlabathi enamatshe. Lezi ziqhingi ezincane ezinohlaza zifana ne-oasis ephakathi kweqhwa neqhwa. Okuwukuphela kwabameleli bezitshalo ze-herbaceous yi-sedge notshani, nezitshalo eziqhakazayo ziyi-saxifrage, i-polar poppy, i-alpine foxtail, i-ranunculus, okusanhlamvu, i-bluegrass ne-arctic pike.

Izilwane zasendle zase-Arctic Desert

Izilwane zasemhlabeni zesifunda esisenyakatho zimpofu kakhulu ngenxa yohlaza oluncane kakhulu. Cishe okuwukuphela kwabameleli bezwe lezilwane ezingwadule zeqhwa yizinyoni nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.

Izinyoni ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• ama-partridge we-tundra;
• amagwababa;
• izikhova ezimhlophe;
• ama-seagull;
• umkhumbi;
• ama-gags;
• iziphetho ezifile;
• abahlanzi;
• ama-burgmasters;
• izinyathelo;
• ukubuya

Ngaphezu kwezakhamuzi ezihlala unomphela esibhakabhakeni sase-Arctic, izinyoni ezifudukayo nazo ziyavela lapha. Lapho usuku lufika enyakatho, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka, izinyoni ezivela e-taiga, tundra kanye ne-continental latitudes zifika e-Arctic, ngakho-ke, amahansi amnyama, ama-sandpiper amhlophe, amahansi amhlophe, ama-plover anamaphiko ansundu, amabhungane anezindandatho, izingwazi zase-upland kanye ne-dunlin zivela ngezikhathi ezithile ngasogwini lwe-Arctic Ocean. Lapho kuqala izinkathi ezibandayo, lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezingenhla zibuyela endaweni efudumele yezindawo eziseningizimu.

Phakathi kwezilwane, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa abameleli abalandelayo:

• inyamazane;
• ama-lemmings;
• Amabhere amhlophe;
• Onogwaja
• izimpawu;
• ama-walrus;
• izimpisi ze-arctic;
• izimpungushe zase-Arctic;
• izinkabi ze-musk;
• abantu abamhlophe;
• ama-narwhals.

Sekuyisikhathi eside amabhere e-Polar ebhekwa njengophawu oluyinhloko lwe-Arctic, ehola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, nakuba izakhamuzi ezihluke kakhulu neziningi zasogwadule olunzima ziyizinyoni zasolwandle ezihlala ogwini olubandayo olunamatshe ehlobo, ngaleyo ndlela zakha "amakoloni ezinyoni".

Ukujwayela kwezilwane esimweni sezulu sase-arctic

Zonke izilwane ezingenhla ukuphoqelelwa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ekuphileni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kangaka, ngakho-ke banezici ezihlukile zokuguquguquka. Yiqiniso, inkinga eyinhloko yesifunda sase-Arctic ukuthi kungenzeka ukulondoloza umbuso oshisayo. Ukuze ziphile endaweni enokhahlo, kungalo msebenzi okufanele izilwane zibhekane nazo ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpungushe zase-arctic namabhere asezintabeni zisindiswa kuqhwa ngenxa yoboya obufudumele nobuminyene, izimpaphe ezixegayo zisiza izinyoni, kanti izimvu zamanzi, ungqimba lwazo lwamafutha luyawonga.

Ukukhululwa okwengeziwe kwezwe lezilwane esimweni sezulu esibi sase-Arctic kungenxa yombala wesici otholwe ngokushesha lapho kuqala isikhathi sasebusika. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abameleli bezilwane, kuye ngokuthi inkathi, bangashintsha umbala abanikezwe wona ngokwemvelo, isibonelo, amabhere ase-polar ahlala engabanikazi boboya obumhlophe qhwa kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. I-pigmentation yemvelo yezilwane ezidliwayo nayo inezinzuzo - ivumela ukuzingela ngempumelelo nokondla wonke umndeni.

Izakhamuzi ezithakazelisayo ekujuleni okuneqhwa kwe-Arctic

1. Isakhamuzi esimangalisa kakhulu ekujuleni kweqhwa - i-narwhal, inhlanzi enkulu enesisindo esingaphezu kwethani elilodwa nengxenye, efinyelela ubude obungamamitha amahlanu. Isici esihlukile salesi sidalwa sibhekwa njengophondo olude oluphuma emlonyeni, eqinisweni oluyizinyo, kodwa olungenzi imisebenzi yalo yemvelo.
2. Isilwane esincelisayo esilandelayo esingavamile sase-Arctic i-beluga (ihlengethwa elishisayo), elihlala ekujuleni kolwandle futhi lidla izinhlanzi kuphela.
3. Okuyingozi kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezisenyakatho ezingaphansi kwamanzi yi-whale ebulalayo, edla hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi ezincane zamanzi asenyakatho nezindawo ezisogwini, kodwa futhi nemikhomo ye-beluga.
4. Ezinye zezilwane ezidume kakhulu esifundeni esiwugwadule lwe-Arctic ziyi uphawu, emele abantu abahlukene abanenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezincane. Isici esivamile sama-seal ama-flippers, athatha indawo yezitho zangemuva zezilwane ezincelisayo, ezivumela izilwane ukuba zihambe ezindaweni ezimbozwe yiqhwa ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.
5. I-walrus, isihlobo esiseduze sezimvu zamanzi, inamazinyo abukhali, ngenxa yalokho inqamula kalula eqhweni futhi ikhiphe ukudla ekujuleni kolwandle nasemhlabeni. Ngokumangalisayo, i-walrus ayidli izilwane ezincane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimpawu.