Isifo sesibindi ezinjeni

Lapha sizozama ukuhlaziya izinhlobo eziyisisekelo kakhulu zokuphulwa komsebenzi wayo. Ake sikhulume ngokuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzibheke nokuthi ungasivikela kanjani isifo sesibindi ezinjeni.

Isifo Sesibindi Ezinjeni: Okubalulekile

• Isibindi siyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi esihilelekile ezinqubweni eziningi emzimbeni;

• Izifo zesibindi ziyahlukahluka njengemisebenzi yaso;

• Izimpawu zesifo sesibindi zingase zibe zifiphele futhi zingaqondile;

• Ukuxilongwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ukuthatha umlando, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye ne-ultrasound. Ngezinye izikhathi izindlela ezengeziwe ziyadingeka (biopsy, histology);

• Ukwelashwa kwesibindi kufanele kube okuphelele futhi kufanele kuqala kukho konke kuqondiswe kumbangela yesifo;

• Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa ukudla okunomsoco, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi (ukugoma, ukwelashwa kwama-parasite), ukuhlolwa komtholampilo (ukuhlolwa kwezikhathi udokotela).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo

Isibindi senza imisebenzi eminingi eyinkimbinkimbi, enquma izinhlobonhlobo zezifo ze-pathophysiological ezizibonakalisa ngesifo salesi sitho.

Isifo sesibindi ezinjeni singahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu abanzi.

1. Izifo ezivuthayo. Lezi yizifo zesibindi ezinzima noma ezingapheli ezenzeka ekuphenduleni umonakalo noma isenzo se-pathogen (ukutheleleka, ubuthi). Ahlukaniswe ngokulandelana:

   • Esithathelwanayo. Amagciwane (i-leptospirosis, ithumba), igciwane (i-hepatitis ethathelwanayo yezinja) kanye ne-parasitic (ascaris, toxocara);

   • Okungatheleleki. I-hepatitis engapheli, i-cirrhosis, i-fibrosis ebangelwa ubuthi nezidakamizwa, izinqubo ze-autoimmune.

2. Izifo ezingezona ukuvuvukala, nazo ziyawohloka (iyawohloka - ukuwohloka, ukuwohloka). Zihlanganisa:

   • I-Vacuolar hepatopathy (i-pathology yesibindi ezingeni lamaselula). I-Lipidosis (isibindi esinamafutha), i-amyloidosis (ukufakwa kwezakhi zamaprotheni-carbohydrate kumaseli esibindi), izifo zokunqwabelana zethusi, uvithamini A, uvithamini D, i-hepato-skin syndrome, njll.;

   • Anomalies emithanjeni yegazi. I-Congenital portocal anastomoses, shunts, portal vein hypoplasia, intrahepatic fistula, njll.;

   • Amathumba / ama-neoplasms (okuyinhloko noma ama-metastasis).

3. Izifo ze-biliary tract:

   • I-Cholestasis - ukuvinjelwa kwe-bile ducts;

   • i-cholangitis - ukuvuvukala kwe-bile ducts;

   • I-Cholecystitis ukuvuvukala kodonga lwe-gallbladder.

Izimpawu zesifo sesibindi ezinjeni

Isibindi sinokugcinwa okukhulu kwamandla namandla amakhulu okuvuselelwa. Ngakho-ke, izifo zivela emtholampilo kuphela ngemva kokuba lezi zindawo ezigciniwe seziphelile. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zezinkinga zesibindi enja zingaba ezicashile, ngakho kufanele uqaphele ngokukhethekile ukuqapha noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ekuziphatheni kwesilwane.

• Izimpawu zokuqala nezimpawu zesifo sesibindi ezinjeni:

  • Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla noma ukwenqaba ukudla;

  • Ukuncipha kwesisindo somzimba;

  • Ukozela, ukukhathala, ukwenqaba ukudlala;

  • Hlanza. Kungaba kubi kakhulu (izikhathi eziningana ngosuku) noma ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, kanye ngesonto);

  • Uhudo;

  • I-Polydipsia / i-polyuria - ukwanda kokoma nokwanda komthamo womchamo;

  • Uma inja inezinhlungu zesibindi, ingase ibonise izimpawu ezilandelayo: i-squealing lapho ithathwa, ithatha izimo ezingezona ezemvelo, ngokucophelela okukhulu ukwenza ukunyakaza okujwayelekile ngaphambilini.

• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okukhulu:

  • I-Icterity - ukuphuzi kolwelwesi lwamafinyila, i-sclera, isikhumba. Umbala ophuzi-owolintshi ungavela emchameni naseserum yegazi lapho uthatha isampula;

  • Ama-ascites ukunqwabelana koketshezi lwamahhala emgodini wesisu. Ngaphandle, ingazibonakalisa njengokwanda komthamo wesisu;

  • I-Hepatic encephalopathy - ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa ngokumelene nesizinda sokudakwa. Ingaziveza ngendlela yokungasebenzi kahle, ukuquleka, ukudlikizeka, njll.;

  • I-Coagulopathy yisifo sokopha. Ingase ibonakale njengokopha kakhulu ekuthathweni kwegazi, igazi emchameni, indle, ukuhlanza, ukopha komucosa.

• Ukuvinjwa kwe-bile duct:

  • Indle ephaphathekile (acholic). Iqiniso liwukuthi i-stercobilin ingcolisa umbala onsundu wendle. Itholakala ku-bile, futhi uma i-bile ingakhiwe noma ingakhishwa ngobuningi obanele, umbala we-stool uzoba lula kakhulu noma umhlophe.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwezifo zesibindi ezinjeni kufanele kube okuphelele. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuthatha umlando nokuhlola okuphelele. Iningi lezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla azicacisiwe, okungukuthi, zingazibonakalisa zombili ezifweni zesibindi, ngokwesibonelo, ezifweni zamathumbu, amanyikwe, izifo ezithile kanye nobuthi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwelapha isibindi senja, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa okugcwele:

1. Ukuthatha umlando ngokucophelela. Udokotela uzohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izici zokugcina isilwane esifuywayo, ukudla kwaso, izifo zangaphambilini, ukuthatha imithi, imithi yokuvimbela kanye nemigomo, njll.

2. Ukuhlola. Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, udokotela uzohlola isimo solwelwesi lwamafinyila, umbala wabo, umswakama, ubuhlungu bodonga lwesisu, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, njll.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomtholampilo. Izokuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi kukhona yini inqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni, i-hemolysis (ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi), i-anemia, inqubo yokuvuvukala ethathelwanayo noma eyingozi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ye-neoplastic (i-tumor) ingasolwa ngisho negazi lomtholampilo. test.

4. Amakhemikhali egazi. Kuzovumela ukuhlola izinga kanye nemvelo yokulimala kwesibindi, izinga lokudakwa, nokulimala kwesitho.

5. I-urinalysis ejwayelekile kanye ne-biochemical. Izinguquko ekuhlaziyeni, njengokuba khona kwe-bilirubin, amakristalu e-ammonium biurate, izinguquko ekuxubeni komchamo, kungase kubonise izifo zesibindi.

6. Hlola i-ultrasound yomgodi wesisu. Izokuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu besibindi, izinguquko esakhiweni saso, isimo se-biliary tract, imithambo yegazi, ukuba khona kwama-neoplasms.

7. Ucwaningo lokutheleleka. Njenge-leptospirosis, i-hepatitis ethathelwanayo yezinja.

Ukwengeza, izifundo ezifana ne-biopsy, i-portography, nokujiya kwegazi kungadingeka.

Ukwelashwa Kwesibindi Ezinjeni

Kunoma yisiphi isifo, ukwelashwa kufanele kube okuphelele futhi kufake izici eziningana. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, isibindi siyisitho esinemisebenzi eminingi, izifo zesibindi zinezinhlobonhlobo eziphawulekayo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ngokuvamile ziyinkinga yesinye isifo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwesibindi esigulayo enja kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi imbangela yalesi sifo, ubukhulu bezimpawu, ubudala, nezinye izici. Ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise izinyathelo ezilandelayo kanye namaqembu ezidakamizwa:

• ama-antispasmodics nama-painkillers;

• Amaconsi. Ngokuvamile, izifo zesibindi zihambisana nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukudakwa, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte. I-intravenous infusions ifaka isandla ekwenzeni lezi zinkomba zijwayelekile, futhi ukululama kuyashesha;

• Amakhambi. Uma kufakwe ubuthi ngezinto ezaziwayo, ama-antidote angasetshenziswa ukuqeda ngokushesha ubuthi nobuthi;

• Ama-antibiotics / ama-antimicrobial. Ngezifo kanye nokuhlasela;

• Ama-Hepatoprotectors. Leli yiqembu lezidakamizwa ezinomphumela omuhle ekubuyiselweni kwamaseli esibindi;

• Ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokugula, udinga ukudlulisela isilwane ekudleni okukhethekile (ukudla okukhethekile noma ukudla okukodwa okuhlanganiswe udokotela). Ukudla kufanele kugaywe kalula, kungathwali isibindi, kuqukethe inani elanele lama-antioxidants, amavithamini, amaprotheni;

• Izidakamizwa ze-Antihelminthic;

• Izidakamizwa ze-Antiemetic. Ngokuhlanza noma isicanucanu;

• Ama-Enterosorbents. Ngohudo nobuthi. Babopha izinto ezinobuthi eziningi emathunjini. Ngakho, zikhishwa ngokuphepha emzimbeni ngendle;

Amanye ama-pathologies adinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ngamathumba amakhulu noma ama-shunts.

Prevention

Ukuze uvimbele isifo sesibindi esilwaneni esifuywayo, udinga ukulandela imithetho emithathu kuphela elula:

1. Ukudla okulinganiselayo, okuphelele;

2. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi (ukugoma, ukwelashwa kwama-parasite);

3. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo (kungahlanganiswa nokugoma konyaka).

Ake sixoxe ngephuzu ngalinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukudla

Ungaphakela isilwane sakho ukudla okuphelele kwezimboni. Into esemqoka ukukhetha uhlobo lomkhiqizo olufanele kuye. Njengomthetho, kukhona ulwazi ngelebula oluzosiza kulokhu. Isibonelo, ukudla kwezinja ezincane kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-6 noma ukudla kwezinja ezindala ezinomsebenzi ophezulu, njll.

Uma ungumuntu olandela ukudla kwasekhaya, udinga ukusondela ekuhlanganiseni kwakho ngendlela efanele. Unganikezi imikhiqizo yesilwane sakho etafuleni (amakhukhi, amaswidi, okuthosiwe, okusawoti, njll.).

Umthombo wamaprotheni uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokudla. Kufanele kugaywe kalula futhi kuphelele, kufanele kube ngokwanele. Ungasebenzisa inyama ye-turkey, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, inyama yezitho (nje qaphela ngesibindi, kufanele inikezwe ngokucophelela kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela, ngenxa yokweqile kwe-vitamin A kuyo). Amafutha acid abalulekile (atholakala emafutheni emifino nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha) kufanele engezwe ekudleni, futhi ama-carbohydrate (okusanhlamvu, imifino) ayadingeka ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu okuvamile. Ukuze wenze izilinganiso ezifanele, kungcono ukuthintana nodokotela wezilwane. Ungakwenza lokhu ku-inthanethi - kuhlelo lokusebenza leselula lePetstory. Ungayilanda kusixhumanisi.

Ukugonywa

Izifo ezinjenge-leptospirosis, i-canine viral hepatitis, zithinta isibindi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imithi yokugoma kade ikhona yalezi zifo.

Zonke izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zigonywe, ngisho noma zingaphumi ngaphandle noma uma ungazivumeli ezinye izinja ukuba zisondele esilwaneni sakho ngenkathi uhamba. Iqiniso liwukuthi ungakwazi ukuletha izifo eziningi ekhaya ezingutsheni noma ezicathulweni, futhi ngenxa yokutheleleka (isibonelo, i-parvovirus enteritis yezinja) akudingekile ukuthintana ngokuqondile nomuntu onegciwane, ukuthintana nendle yakhe kwanele, okungukuthi. kungenzeka kakhulu lapho uhogela umhlabathi. Uma uvame ukuhamba nesilwane sakho ensimini noma ehlathini noma ukuzingela naye, khona-ke ukugoma ngokumelene ne-leptospirosis kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Ukugoma kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngonyaka. Lena indlela engabizi kakhulu yokugwema izinkinga eziningi zempilo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukwelashwa kwama-parasite

Ngokwelashwa kwama-parasites, isimo siyefana nokugoma. Akuthathi noma yimuphi umzamo okhethekile ukudala impilo entsha ngaphakathi kwesilwane. Angakwazi nje ukuhogela noma ukukhotha itshe elibi (noma hhayi itshe), futhi ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa uzobe ekhipha amaqanda e-parasite yonke indawo, kuhlanganise nendlu yakho.

Ukwelashwa kwezeze namakhizane kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Amazeze athwala izinhlobo ezithile zezikelemu, futhi imikhaza ibangela izifo ezithwalwa yizilwane ezithinta izitho eziningi, kuhlanganise nesibindi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-helminths kufanele kwenziwe ngezinhloso zokuvimbela kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 (kubantwana kuze kube unyaka, kanye ngenyanga nengxenye). Kusuka kuma-parasite angaphandle, udinga ukwelapha isilwane sakho ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphandle lingaphezu kweqanda.

Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo

Akuwona wonke ama-pathologies esibindi angatholwa ngesikhathi ngokuhlolwa kwangaphandle noma izimpawu. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, izimpawu zingafihlwa isikhathi eside noma zivele zingavamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola impilo yesilwane ngezikhathi ezithile nodokotela wezilwane. Ezinjaneni ezincane ezifika eminyakeni engu-6 ubudala, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-1-2 kwanele. Ezinja ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6-8, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe i-ultrasound eyengeziwe yomgodi wesisu kanye ngonyaka, ngoba lapho uguga kunengozi yoshintsho oluwohlokayo esibindini kanye nama-neoplasms, futhi uma kutholwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke. ukwelashwa kuzothatha ubuncane besikhathi, imali kanye nezinzwa.

I-athikili ayikona ukubizela esenzweni!

Ukuze uthole ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwenkinga, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.

Buza udokotela wezilwane

Februwari 15 2021

Kubuyekezwe: 1 Mashi 2021