Wafunda ukungabi namandla ezinjeni

Impela ngamunye wethu uke wezwa igama elithi “ukufunda ukungabi nakuzisiza”. Kodwa akubona bonke abazi kahle ukuthi lisho ukuthini leli gama. Yini efundwa ngokungabi namandla futhi ingakhula ezinjeni?

Yini efundwa ngokungabi namandla futhi kuyenzeka ezinjeni?

Igama "wafunda ukungabi namandla”yethulwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uMartin Seligman ngeminyaka yama-60s ekhulwini lamashumi amabili. Futhi lokhu wakwenza ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwezinja, ukuze ngokokuqala ngqá ukufunda ukungabi namandla, omunye angase athi, ubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ezinjeni.

Umongo wokuhlolwa wawumi kanje.

Izinja zahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ama-3 futhi zafakwa emakhejini. Lapho:

1. Iqembu lokuqala lezinja lathola ukushaqeka kukagesi, kodwa lingathonya isimo: cindezela i-lever futhi umise ukubulawa.
2. Iqembu lesibili lezinja lathola ukushaqeka kukagesi, nokho, ngokungafani nelokuqala, alikwazanga ukukugwema nganoma iyiphi indlela.
3. Iqembu lesithathu lezinja alizange lihlupheke ngokushaqeka kukagesi - leli kwakuyiqembu lokulawula.

Ngakusasa, kwaqhutshekwa nokuhlola, kodwa izinja azizange zifakwe ekhejini elivaliwe, kodwa ebhokisini elinezinhlangothi eziphansi ezazingagxunyelwa kalula. Futhi waqala ukunikeza aphumayo zamanje. Eqinisweni, noma iyiphi inja ingabagwema ngokushesha ngokugxuma iphume endaweni eyingozi.

Nokho, okulandelayo kwenzeka.

1. Izinja ezivela eqenjini lokuqala, ezazinamandla okumisa okwamanje ngokucindezela i-lever, ngokushesha zaphuma ebhokisini.
2. Izinja zeqembu lesithathu nazo zagxuma zaphuma ngokushesha.
3. Izinja ezivela eqenjini lesibili ziziphathe ngokumangalisayo. Baqale bagijima bezungeza ibhokisi, base belala phansi, bebubula futhi bebekezelela ukukhishwa okunamandla.

Okubi nakakhulu, uma izinja zeqembu lesibili zigxumele ngaphandle ngephutha kodwa zibuyiselwe ebhokisini, azikwazanga ukuphinda isenzo esizisize zigweme ubuhlungu.

Yilokho uSeligman akubiza ngokuthi “ukungabi namandla okufunda” okwenzeka ezinjeni zeqembu lesibili.

Ukungabi namandla okufunda kwakheka lapho umuntu engakwazi ukulawula ukwethulwa kwezisusa eziphikisayo (ezingemnandi, ezibuhlungu).. Kulokhu, imisa noma yimiphi imizamo yokuguqula isimo futhi ithole isisombululo.

Kungani ukungakwazi ukuzisiza okufundile kuyingozi ezinjeni?

Abanye ochwepheshe be-cynologists nabanikazi abasebenzisa izindlela ezinzima zemfundo nokuqeqesha, ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kobudlova, bakha ukungakwazi ukuzisiza ezinjeni. Ekuboneni kokuqala, lokhu kungase kubonakale kulula: inja enjalo cishe izolalela ngokungangabazeki futhi ngeke izame ukukhombisa ukudelela futhi "isho owayo umbono." Nokho, ngeke futhi abonise isinyathelo, alahlekelwe ukuzethemba kumuntu futhi uzozibonakalisa ebuthakathaka kakhulu lapho kudingekile khona ukuthola isisombululo eyedwa.

Isimo sokungabi namandla okufunda naso siyingozi empilweni yenja. Kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kokucindezeleka okungapheli kanye nezinkinga ezingokwengqondo nezokuphila ezihlobene.

Isibonelo, uMadlon Visintainer, ekuhloleni kwakhe ngamagundane, wathola ukuthi ama-73% amagundane ayefunde ukungabi namandla abulawa umdlavuza (Visintainer et al., 1982).

Kwakheka kanjani ukungabi nalusizo okufundayo nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani?

Ukwakhiwa kokungabi namandla okufundiwe kungenzeka ezimweni ezilandelayo:

1. Ukungabi nemithetho ecacile.
2. Ukudonsa njalo nokunganeliseki komnikazi.
3. Imiphumela engalindelekile.

Ungafunda ukufundisa nokuqeqesha izinja ngendlela enobuntu, ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi empilweni yazo nangokwengqondo, usebenzisa izifundo zethu zevidiyo.