Izinja zibona kanjani umhlaba wethu futhi ngamiphi imibala. Izibonelo zesithombe

Yimiphi imibala izinja eziyibona kangcono?

I-stereotype yokuthi umhlaba wenja ifilimu eqinile emnyama nemhlophe yabhujiswa kudala. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle kokudalulwa okuvusa amadlingozi kwamaqiniso. Ngakho lapho isihloko esingavamile mayelana nombono we-canine sivela ku-Daily Mail, abanye abathandi bezilwane bahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu.

Izithombe zenkampani ehlela uhambo lwabantu abanezilwane ezifuywayo zashukumisela izintatheli ukuba zikhulume “ngombono womhlaba” wezilwane ezifuywayo. Esithombeni, i-ejensi yezokuvakasha ibonise ukuthi izinto ezibonwayo zesiNgisi eziphezulu zibukeka kanjani emehlweni abantu nezinja. Umehluko wawumkhulu kakhulu, nakuba odokotela bezilwane baphawula ukuthi ngandlela thize abadali bokuqukethwe babengahlosile ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, iqhinga lokumaketha lasebenza: ukugeleza kwamakhasimende enkampani kwanda kakhulu, futhi abanikazi bezinja baba nesithakazelo nakakhulu ekubonweni kwezigceme zabo.

Eqinisweni, abakhangisi abazange bathole noma yikuphi ukutholwa kwesayensi, kodwa bamane bagoqa ulwazi olwaziwayo "kwi-wrapper" ebabazekayo. Iqiniso lokuthi izilwane zihlukanisa imibala ngempumelelo, nakuba iphalethi etholakala kuzo impofu kunomuntu, laziwa yibo bonke abanikazi bezinja owazi kancane kancane umsebenzi wezinzwa zesilwane esifuywayo. Isizathu sokubona okumibalabala okuncane yinani lama-receptors abonwayo atholakala ku-retina (amacones). Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zabantu. Izinja zinezimbili kuphela.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane: uma uthembele ezinombolweni eziqondile, khona-ke umuntu unama-receptors abukwayo angaba yizigidi ezingu-6, inja inezigidi ezingu-1,2.

Kungenxa yombono we-dichromatic ukuthi “imisila” ayiboni okubomvu. Ngokuqondene nama-shades aluhlaza, okusolakala ukuthi izinja nazo azihlukanisi, isizathu lapha akusona inani lama-cones ku-retina, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ezinjeni imibala ayifaki inhlanganisela enganikeza ithoni efanayo eluhlaza. Ngenxa yalokho: emini, iqiniso elizungezile lomngane onomsila linemibala ephuzi neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

40 Izithunzi Ezimpunga: Izici Zokubona Ebusuku

Ubuhle nokugcwala kwemibala nakho akuphathelene nabangane bomuntu. Izilwane zibona yonke imibala etholakala kuma-receptors azo ngendlela ethulisiwe. Okusho ukuthi, indawo ezungezile yemvelo noma yasemadolobheni ibheka isilwane njengokungathi ngosuku oluguqubele kakhulu. Okuhlukile umbala ompunga, ekuqapheliseni lapho inja izohlala isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi komnikazi. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yalesi sici sokubonwa kombala, inja iqondiswe ngokuphelele ekuhwebeni nasebumnyameni.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-receptor lunesibopho sokucaca "kombono wasebusuku" - izinduku, eziningi ezinjeni kunabantu. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uphuthaza ebumnyameni odongeni ufuna iswishi, isilwane esifuywayo sizohlola ngokuthula sonke isikhala segumbi elingakhanyi futhi asisoze sahlangabezana nezinto ezikuyo.

Indima ebalulekile kwikhwalithi yesithombe sasebusuku ezinja idlalwe yi-tapetum - i-membrane yeso ekhanyayo, etholakala ngemuva kwe-retina. Ebumnyameni, i-tapetum "izibuko" ama-photons adlule ku-retina, kodwa aphuthelwe yizinduku. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-receptors anikezwa ithuba lesibili "lokubamba" ukukhanya. Uma siphinde siphendukela ezinombolweni, khona-ke i-photosensitivity kanye ne-acuity ebonakalayo ebumnyameni enja iphakeme izikhathi ezi-5 kunabantu. Ngokukhula, ikhono lokubona kahle ebusuku ezilwaneni ezifuywayo liya liwohloka. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abadala bavame ukushayisana nezinto futhi abanqeni ukugibela izitebhisi lapho izibani zicishiwe.

Iqiniso elihehayo: akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-membrane yeso ethuthukisiwe ngokulinganayo. I-tapetum ephumelela kakhulu "isebenza" ezinjeni zezinhlobo zokuzingela, i-oda lobukhulu obubi kakhulu - kuma-dwarf.

Esimweni sezulu esicacile, lapho ilanga liphuphuthekisa futhi lenza abantu bakhiphe izibuko zabo, izinja ziphinde zibe nenzuzo. Engxenyeni engezansi ye-retina yezilwane kune-pigment emnyama evimbela ukungena kokukhanya okweqile. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi sisacwayiza, izilwane ezifuywayo zikhululekile ngokuphelele ukubuka indawo ezungezile ngaphandle kokungakhululeki.

I-Blur Effect: Ibukhali Kangakanani Umbono Wezinja?

Omunye umehluko phakathi kwamehlo ezinja ukungabikho kwebala eliphuzi, elibhekene ne-acuity ebonakalayo. Ngalesi sizathu, isilwane esinempilo esivamile sibona uhlaka lwezinto ezizungezile lufiphele futhi lufiphele kakhulu kunathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukholelwa ukuthi i-acuity ebonakalayo yezinja ingaphansi izikhathi ezi-3 kunomuntu, onxeshezelwa ububanzi bensimu yokubuka. Kubantu, cishe 180 °, inja - 240-250 °. Futhi lena idatha emaphakathi. Kuma-brachycephals, anemifinya emifushane ebanzi, ukubona okuseceleni kuncane kunokwabantu bakubo abanobukhulu obujwayelekile bekhala. Ukubukwa okubanzi kakhulu okubonakalayo kusezinhlotsheni zokuzingela, ama-muzzles alabo abameleli bancane, futhi i-angle yokuhlukana kwamehlo inkulu kakhulu kune-bulldogs efanayo ne-Pekingese.

Iqiniso elihehayo: ngokungafani nabantu, ezinjeni, umbono awuwona umthombo oyinhloko wolwazi mayelana nezwe elizizungezile. Inzwa yokuhogela nokuzwa iletha isilwane ukuhleleka kolwazi oluwusizo kakhulu kunamehlo. Yingakho izinja azizazi esibukweni, futhi izinto eziphilayo (abantu, abantu bezizwe, inyamazane) bakhetha ukukhomba ngephunga.

Ukubona eduze nokubona kude

Iqiniso lokuthi abangani bomuntu babona umhlaba njengokungathi ngefilimu libangele inganekwane ye-myopia yabo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabasebenzi baseMoscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology okuthiwa ngemuva. I-KI Scriabin, ikhombisa ukuthi izinja zithambekele ekuboneni kude kancane (ngaphakathi kwama-diopter angu-0,5). Iningi labantu abadala linenkomba efanayo.

Ngenxa yezinkulungwane zeminyaka zokuthuthukisa imvelo yokuzingela nokuzingela, izinja zibamba kahle into ehamba kude kakhulu ngamehlo azo. Isibonelo: umuntu cishe ngeke abone unogwaja ohambayo 700-900 m kude, kodwa inja cishe njalo.

Eduze, ubukhali nokugqama kombono wenja kuphansi kakhulu kunokomuntu. Isibonelo, ngisho nokuphatha okulinga kakhulu okulethwa ebusweni besilwane kuzobukeka njengendawo eyinqaba efiphele kuso. Isizathu siwukuthi ibanga elifanele lokubonwayo "lokubonwa" kwento emile yezinja okungenani lingama-35 cm. Ukubuyela esihlokweni se-myopia, kufanelekile ukungeza ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zenziwa ngofuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, Labradors. Kodwa ukusho ukuthi bonke abameleli bomndeni we-canine bahlushwa i-myopia akulungile.

Abaningi banesithakazelo endleleni amakati namakati abona ngayo umhlaba. Sinayo futhi impendulo yalo mbuzo! Ungajwayelana nayo esihlokweni esithi: Indlela amakati namakati abona ngayo umhlaba wethu.

Izinja nomabonakude

Ukuze isithombe esisesikrinini sibonwe njengokulandelana kokubukwayo okuqhubekayo, futhi hhayi njengochungechunge lwezithombe ezishintshanayo, imvamisa encane ye-20-50 Hz yanele kumuntu. Ezinjeni, lokhu akwanele, ngoba izitho zabo zokubona ziyakwazi ukuthola imibono efanayo kuphela ngemvamisa ye-75 Hz. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside kwakukholelwa ukuthi izilwane azinandaba nethelevishini, njengoba amadivaysi ama-tube amadala anikeza izinguquko ezincane zohlaka kuze kufike ku-60 Hz.

Izamukeli zesimanje ze-TV zisethelwe ezingeni lokuvuselela isikrini esingu-120 Hz. Lokhu kungaphezu kokwanele ukubona inja. Yiqiniso, njengoba ukubonwa kubonisa, okwenzekayo esikrinini sezilwane kusathinta kancane, futhi uma kudonsela ukunaka, khona-ke isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Okuhlukile yizigaba zamavidiyo lapho isilwane esifuywayo sibona futhi sizwe khona uhlobo lwaso.

izinkinga zokubona ezinjeni

Nakuba kungase kubonakale kudabukisa, kodwa abangane bomuntu nabo balahlekelwa ukubona. Isizathu salokhu kungase kungabi kuphela ubudala besilwane esifuywayo. Ukulimala, izifo zamehlo ezivuthayo ezingalashwa, izifo, ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine, ngisho nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kungabangela ubumpumputhe obuyingxenye noma obuphelele.

Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi inja ayiboni kahle

• Singena ngaphakathi ekamelweni, isilwane sizama ukuhlala sincike odongeni.
• Lapho sinyakaza, isilwane sasekhaya sivame ukungqubuzana nezinto ezisizungezile.
• Inja ayifuni ukuphuma ngaphandle, nakuba yayijabuliswa ukuhamba ngezinyawo.
• Uvalo nolaka lomngane onemilenze emine endaweni entsha kukhula kakhulu.
• Uma uzulisa isandla sakho phambi kwe-muzzle, inja ayiphenduli nganoma iyiphi indlela esenzweni sakho, futhi amehlo ayo awanyakazi ngemva kwesundu.

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqinisekise isilwane sakho esifuywayo ngokulahlekelwa umbono. Kodwa ungadlala njalo ngaphambi kwejika, ngakho-ke ungakunaki ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile ehhovisi lezilwane.