Inja imqonda kanjani umuntu?

Sifunde ukunquma ukuthi omunye umuntu uzizwa kanjani nahlose ukukwenza, uma kulungile sebenzisa izinkomba zomphakathi. Isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi isiqondiso sokubheka kwe-interlocutor singakutshela ukuthi kwenzekani ekhanda lakhe. Futhi leli khono, njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi becabanga, lihlukanisa abantu kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ingabe ihlukile? Ake sikubone.

Kukhona ukuhlolwa okwaziwayo ngezingane. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zafihla ithoyizi futhi zatshela izingane (ngokubukeka noma isenzo) ukuthi likuphi. Futhi izingane zenze umsebenzi oncomekayo (ngokungafani nezinkawu ezinkulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zazingadingi ukufundiswa lokhu - leli khono liyingxenye "yokucushwa okuyisisekelo" futhi livela ezinyangeni ezingu-14-18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zibonisa ukuguquguquka futhi "ziphendule" ngisho nakulezo ziqondiso ezingakaze zizibone ngaphambili.

Kodwa ingabe sihlukile ngempela kulo mqondo? Isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa kanjalo. Isisekelo sokuzikhukhumeza okunjalo kwakuwukuhlola izihlobo zethu eziseduze, izinkawu, “ezahluleka” ngokuphindaphindiwe ezivivinyweni zokuthi “ukufunda” ukushukuma komzimba. Nokho, abantu babenephutha.

Usosayensi waseMelika u-Brian Hare (umcwaningi, isazi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nomsunguli Wesikhungo Sokufunda Ngekhono Lokuqonda Inja) ubukele u-Labrador Orio wakhe omnyama esemncane. Njenganoma iyiphi i-Labrador, inja yayithanda ukujaha amabhola. Futhi wayethanda ukudlala namabhola e-tennis angu-2 ngesikhathi esifanayo, eyodwa yayinganele. Futhi ngenkathi ejaha ibhola elilodwa, uBrian waphonsa elesibili, futhi, vele, inja yayingazi ukuthi ithoyizi lishonephi. Lapho inja iletha ibhola lokuqala, yambheka ngokucophelela umnikazi wayo futhi yaqala ukukhonkotha. Efuna ukuthi akhonjiswe ngesandla lapho kuhambe khona ibhola lesibili. Kamuva, lezi zinkumbulo zobuntwana zaba isisekelo socwaningo olujulile, imiphumela yalo eyamangaza kakhulu ososayensi. Kwavela ukuthi izinja zibaqonda kahle abantu - akukho okubi kakhulu kunezingane zethu.

Abacwaningi bathatha iziqukathi ezimbili ezingacacile ezazifihlwe wumgoqo. Inja yaboniswa ubumnandi, yase ifakwa kwesinye sezitsha. Khona-ke umgoqo wasuswa. Inja yaqonda ukuthi endaweni ethile kwakukhona ukudla okwehla esiphundu, kodwa yayingazi ukuthi ikuphi ngempela.

Esithombeni: UBrian Hare wenza ucwaningo, ezama ukuthola ukuthi inja imqonda kanjani umuntu

Ekuqaleni, izinja azizange zinikezwe noma yimiphi imikhondo, ezivumela ukuba zizenzele izinqumo zazo. Ngakho ososayensi babeqiniseka ukuthi izinja azisebenzisi inzwa yazo yokuhogela ukuze zithole “izisulu”. Okuxakayo (futhi lokhu kuyamangalisa ngempela), abazange bayisebenzise! Ngokuvumelana nalokho, amathuba okuphumelela ayengama-50 kuya ku-50 - izinja zaziqagela nje, ziqagela indawo yokuphatha cishe ingxenye yesikhathi.

Kodwa lapho abantu besebenzisa ukuthinta ukuze batshele inja impendulo efanele, isimo sashintsha kakhulu - izinja zayixazulula kalula le nkinga, ziqonde ngqo esitsheni esifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ngisho nokuthinta umzimba, kodwa indlela umuntu ayebuka ngayo yayibanele!

Khona-ke abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi inja ithatha ukunyakaza komuntu futhi igxile kuye. Ukuhlolwa kwaba nzima: amehlo ezinja ayevaliwe, umuntu wakhomba esinye seziqukathi kuyilapho amehlo enja evaliwe. Okusho ukuthi, uma evula amehlo, lo muntu akazange anyakaze ngesandla, kodwa wavele wakhomba ngomunwe kwelinye lamabhokisi. Lokhu akuzange kuzikhathaze nakancane izinja – zisakhombisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Baqhamuke nenye inkinga: umhloli uthathe isinyathelo esibhekise esitsheni “esingalungile,” ekhomba esilungile. Kodwa nezinja azikwazanga ukuholwa nakuleli cala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi wenja wayengeyena ngempela umhloli. Baphumelela ngendlela efanayo “ekufundeni” abantu ababeqala ukubabona ekuphileni kwabo. Okusho ukuthi, ubudlelwano phakathi komnikazi nesilwane abuhlangene nhlobo nakho. 

Esithombeni: ukuhlola okunhloso yakho kuwukuthola ukuthi ingabe inja iyakuqonda ukuthinta komuntu

Asisebenzisanga ukuthinta kuphela, kodwa umaka omaphakathi. Isibonelo, bathatha i-cube bayibeka esitsheni esifunayo (ngaphezu kwalokho, bamaka isitsha kokubili lapho kungekho khona inja). Izilwane azizange zidumaze nakulolu daba. Okusho ukuthi, babonise ukuguquguquka okujabulisayo ekuxazululeni lezi zinkinga.

Ukuhlola okunjalo kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ososayensi abahlukene - futhi bonke bathola imiphumela efanayo.

Amakhono afanayo ngaphambili ayebonwa ezinganeni kuphela, kodwa hhayi kwezinye izilwane. Ngokusobala, yilokhu okwenza izinja zikhetheke ngempela - abangani bethu abakhulu.