Zihleka kanjani izinja?

Ngokuvamile, umqondo wokuthi "ukuhleka" uwumqondo wobuntu futhi unquma kuphela ukusabela kwezwi lomuntu, okuhambisana nesimo sobuso esifanele.

Futhi ukuhleka kuyinto engathi sína kangangokuba kuma-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwazalwa isayensi ekhethekile eMelika - gelotology (njengegatsha lezifo zengqondo), efunda ukuhleka nokuhleka kanye nomthelela wabo emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwavela ukwelashwa kokuhleka.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhleka kunqunywa ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Futhi izingane ziqala ukuhleka ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-4-6 kusukela ekukitazeni, ukuphonsa kanye nezinye "i-cuckoo".

Ingxenye efanayo yabacwaningi ithi wonke ama-primates aphezulu ane-analogue yokuhleka futhi akekho omunye onalo.

Isibonelo, isimo sokudlala sama-primates aphakeme ngokuvamile sihambisana nesimo sobuso esikhethekile namagama: ubuso obukhululekile obunomlomo ovulekile kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwesignali yomsindo oyisigqi.

Izici ze-acoustic zokuhleka komuntu zicishe zifane nezezimfene nama-bonobos, kodwa zihlukile kulezo zama-orangutan nama-gorilla.

Ukuhleka kuyisenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esihlanganisa ukunyakaza kokuphefumula okushintshiwe, okuhambisana nesimo esithile sobuso - ukumomotheka. Ngokuqondene nokunyakaza kokuphefumula, lapho uhleka, ngemva kokuhogela, hhayi okukodwa, kodwa uchungechunge oluphelele lokuphefumula okufushane kwe-spasmodic, ngezinye izikhathi okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, nge-glottis evulekile, kulandela. Uma izintambo zezwi zilethwa ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory, khona-ke ukuhleka okukhulu, ukuhleka kwe-sonorous kutholakala - ukuhleka, kodwa uma izintambo zihlala ziphumule, khona-ke ukuhleka kuthulile, okungenamsindo.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuhleka kwavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-5-7 edlule ezingeni likakhokho ovamile we-hominin, futhi kamuva kwaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi yavela. Ngokwesimo sakhona samanje, uhleko lwakhiwa lapho abantu beqala ukuhamba beqondile, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2 edlule.

Ekuqaleni, ukuhleka nokumomotheka kwavela njengezimpawu futhi njengezibonakaliso zesimo "esihle", kodwa njengomuntu owakhiwe emphakathini, imisebenzi yabo bobabili yashintsha ngendlela yokuthi ayihlali ihlotshaniswa nemizwa eyakhayo.

Kodwa uma ukuhleka nokumamatheka kuwukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha kwesimo somzimba esihle ngokomzwelo (futhi izilwane nazo zibhekana nakho), khona-ke into efanayo ingaba kuzo, kulezi zilwane.

Futhi ngezinga elinjalo, abanye abacwaningi bafuna ukuthola umuntu hhayi kuphela ezinkambini, ukuthi Comrade uProfessor Jack Panksepp umemezela wonke umthwalo ukuthi ukwazile ukuthola analogue of ukuhleka in amagundane. Lawa magundane, esimweni sokudlala nokwaneliseka, akhipha i-squeak-chirp ku-50 kHz, okusebenza futhi ngokwesimo kubhekwa njengokufana nokuhleka kwama-hominids, okungezwakali endlebeni yomuntu. Phakathi nomdlalo, amagundane “ahleka” asabela ezenzweni noma ebugqilini bozakwabo futhi “ahleke” uma ekitazwa.

Kusukela ekutholakaleni okunjalo, bonke abathandi bezinja ze-Orthodox, vele, bacasukile. Kanje? Amanye amagundane ahleka ngokuhleka, futhi abangane abakhulu bomuntu baphumule imilomo yabo iphansi?

Kodwa ngaphezu kwamafinyila nekhanda, izinja nabanikazi bazo! Omunye umngane, uProfesa Harrison Backlund, wacishe wafakazela ukuthi izinja zinawo amancoko nokuthi zingahleka, ngokwesibonelo, lapho zibona inja yazo eyijwayele ishelela kabi futhi iwa.

Isazi se-Ethologist u-Patricia Simonet naye ukholelwa ukuthi izinja zingahleka futhi zihleke ngamandla kanye nokuyinhloko, isibonelo, phakathi nemidlalo. U-Patricia uqophe imisindo eyenziwa izinja ezifuywayo lapho umnikazi wazo esezohamba nazo. Ngabe sengidlala le misindo endaweni yokukhosela yezinja ezingenakhaya, futhi kwavela ukuthi inomphumela onenzuzo kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinovalo. NgokukaPatricia, imisindo yezinja ngaphambi kokuba zihambe ngenjabulo ingafaniswa nendlela umuntu ayiveza ngayo imizwa yakhe emnandi ngokuhleka kwenjabulo.

U-Patricia ucabanga ukuthi ukuhleka kwenja kuyinto efana nokuhonqa okunzima noma ibhulukwe elinamandla.

Futhi, nakuba zingekho izifundo ezingathi sína eziqinisekisa ikhono lezinja lokuhleka nokumomotheka, abanikazi abaningi balezi zilwane bakholelwa ukuthi izinja zinomuzwa wokuhlekisa futhi zisebenzise ngempumelelo lo muzwa ngokuhleka nokumomotheka.

Ngakho-ke ake sicabange ukuthi izinja zingamamatheka futhi zihleke, kodwa lokhu akukakafakazelwa yisayensi engathi sína.

Isithombe: Collection