I-helminthiases ezinjeni

 Ezizungeze ukutheleleka nge-helminths (ngamagama alula, izibungu) kunezinganekwane eziningi. Omunye wabo: umuntu angangenwa igciwane ngokuthintana ngqo, futhi akukho okunye. Kodwa-ke, i-helminths ayiyona inkukhu. Kuyini i-helminthiasis, ukutheleleka kwenzeka kanjani, kungani kuyingozi nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani amashwa? Ake sizame ukukuqonda.

Iyini i-helminthiasis ezinjeni?

I-Helminthiasis yisifo esibangelwa ama-helminths (izikelemu ezingama-parasitic). Umuntu, isilwane, ngisho nesitshalo singagula. I-Zooatropohelminthiases yi-helminthiases engathinta kokubili abantu nezilwane. Ama-helminth adlula ezigabeni eziningana zendlela yawo yokuphila futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo aguqule "abaphathi" babo (okungukuthi, izinto eziphilayo ezidla futhi ziphile ngazo). Kukhona i-helminth ehlala njalo - i-helminth evuthiwe ngokocansi ihlala kuyo, kukhona umsingathi ophakathi - lapho i-helminth ikhula esiteji sezibungu, futhi kukhona enye eyengeziwe - i-host host yesibili ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwesidingo "sokuxazulula" kumahostela ahlukene, i-helminths idinga isimo esithile semvelo (izinga lokushisa, umswakama) kanye nesikhathi sokufaka i-incubation lapho iqanda noma izibungu zivuthwa. Njengomthetho, umuntu ungenwa igciwane ngokuthintana nendawo yokuhlala yezilwane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukuthelela amaqanda e-helminth ngokuqondile ezinwele zezinja. Iningi le-helminthiases lenzeka ezinjeni ngokungaguquki, kwesinye isikhathi i-asymptomatically, okwenza kube nzima ukuxilongwa. Kukhona ama-helminthiases abantu abangawathola ezinjeni.

I-Echinococcosis

I-ejenti eyimbangela yi-tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. I-worm endala i-parasitizes emathunjini amancane ezinja, kodwa isibungu singaphila kubantu. Izinja zitheleleka ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi anamaqanda ezinambuzane noma izingxenye. Futhi, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokudla izitho zezinye izilwane ezingenwe amabhamuza e-echinococcosis. Ukusabalala kwenqwaba yalesi sifo kuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka ekukhiqizeni inyama. Umuntu angangenwa igciwane kokubili ngokuthintana ngqo nenja enamagciwane, nangokudla izithelo nemifino engcoliswe amaqanda ale helminth. Izimpawu ezinjeni: ukuqothuka, ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanekezela kanye nokungathandi ukudla. Ngokuqondene nabantu, i-echinococcosis ingabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nomzimba, ukunciphisa ukumelana komzimba, ukuphazamisa ikhono lokusebenza. Izimpawu zincike endaweni ye-helminths (isibindi namaphaphu kuvame ukuthinteka). Ubuhlungu, i-anemia, i-ascites, ukwanda kwesibindi, i-icterus, ukukhwehlela ngesikhwehlela, ukuphefumula, ngisho nobumpumputhe nokukhubazeka kwezitho zingabonwa. Ezinganeni, lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu. Ngezinkinga ezihambisana nokungenwa uketshezi oluphuma esinyeni se-echinococcosis (ngokugqashuka), ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic kungenzeka. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezinqunywe udokotela. Ukuzivikela komzimba akuzinzile, ukutheleleka kabusha kungenzeka.

I-ALVEOCCOZIS

I-ejenti eyimbangela yi-tapeworm Alveococcus multilocaris. I-Parasitic emathunjini amancane ezinja. Esigabeni sezibungu, singaphila kumuntu. Amaqanda azinzile kakhulu endaweni yangaphandle - angaphila ngaphansi kweqhwa. Umuntu ungenwa igciwane ngokugwinya amaqanda. I-helminth emzimbeni womuntu ikhula iminyaka eminingana. Izinja zitheleleka ngokudla amagundane anamagciwane. Njengomthetho, umalusi, ukuzingela kanye nezinja ze-sled ziba umthombo wokutheleleka kubantu. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngezandla ezingageziwe ngokuthintana ngqo nenja ingubo yayo engcoliswe amaqanda e-helminth. Ungangenwa futhi uma udla amajikijolo asendle noma uphuza amanzi esizindeni esisendaweni yezimpisi, izimpungushe noma izimpungushe. Isibindi sithinteka kakhulu, kodwa ama-metastases ebuchosheni, ubende, izinso, amaphaphu kanye nama-lymph nodes angenzeka. Ngokwemvelo yentuthuko kanye nekhono lokumetastaze, i-alveococcosis iqhathaniswa nesimila esiyingozi. Inqubo ethatha isikhathi eside ingase ingahambisani nempilo yesiguli. Ukuzivikela akuzinzile, kodwa ukuhlasela okuphindaphindiwe akuchazwa.

I-DIPYLIDIOSISI

I-causative agent yi-tapeworm i-Dipylidium caninum. Kokubili izinja nabantu bayagula. Le helminth ihlala emathunjini amancane. Abasingathi abaphakathi kungaba amazeze enja nabantu kanye nezintwala zezinja. Inja ingatheleleka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukwelashwa kwezinja kuyinkimbinkimbi: ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic kunezelwa ukubhujiswa kwezintwala namazeze, ukukhishwa kwezindawo zezilwane. Uma sikhuluma ngomuntu, izingane ezincane (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8) zihlupheka kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokungena ngephutha kwamazeze noma ngokulunywa yizintwala. Izimpawu kubantu: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhishwa amathe, isifo sohudo, ukungezwani komzimba, ukulunywa perianal, isiyezi, ukukhathala, blanching ulwelwesi lwamafinyila nesikhumba, ukwehla kwesisindo, i-anemia.

I-TOXOCAROZ

I-agent ebangela i-Toxocara canis nematodes, i-parasitic ezinjeni. Lawa ma-helminth ahlala emathunjini amancane, ngezinye izikhathi kuma-pancreas nasemithonjeni ye-bile yesibindi. Ezinye izibungu zifudukela kwezinye izitho (izinso, imisipha, amaphaphu, isibindi, nezinye), kodwa azithuthuki lapho. Amaqanda amelana nezimo ezimbi zemvelo futhi agcinwe ngokuphelele emhlabathini. Izinja zingangenwa izifo ngokuzingela amagundane. Umuntu uvamise ukungenwa igciwane ngezandla ezingageziwe, ngokuthintana ngqo nezinja, lapho amaqanda ezikelemu angatholakala emlonyeni, ejazini nasematheni. Izingane zitheleleka ngokudlala esihlabathini esingcoliswe indle yezilwane. Izimpawu ezinjeni: ukuhlanekezela ukudla, ukukhathala, ukuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, ukuqothuka, ukuwohloka kolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Uma isibungu sihamba emaphashini, inyumoniya ingakhula. Izimpawu kubantu zincike endaweni yesilonda. Uma kungamaphaphu, kukhona inyumoniya, i-cyanosis, ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okomile okuqhubekayo. Uma isibindi sithintekile, khona-ke siyakhula futhi sikhule, kuyilapho ubuhlungu bungase bungabi namandla kakhulu, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, i-anemia kungenzeka. Uma isimiso sezinzwa sithintekile, ukukhubazeka, i-paresis, kanye nokuquleka kwe-epileptiform kungenzeka. Kubantu, lezi helminths zihlala kuphela esigabeni sezibungu, ngakho azikwazi ukuthelela abanye.

I-DIROFILARIOSISI

I-causative agent yi-nematodes yomndeni wakwa-Filariidae. Njengomthetho, i-parasitize ku-ventricle efanele yenhliziyo noma emgodini we-pulmonary artery, kodwa ingakwazi (uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela okukhulu) "igcwalise" eminye imithambo, i-vena cava kanye ne-atrium efanele. Zibuye zitholakale ezicutshini zezinja ezingaphansi kwesikhumba, ebuchosheni, emehlweni, emgodini wesisu, nasemgogodleni. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokulunywa omiyane. Kunezimo zokutheleleka ngokulunywa amazeze, izintwala, izimpukane noma imikhaza. Iqembu labasengozini lihlanganisa abalimi, abazingeli, abadobi, izivakashi, abasebenzi basemapulazini ezinhlanzi, abanikazi bezilwane, kanye nabantu abahlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi, amachibi nemifula. Izimpawu kubantu: ukuncipha, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Ukukhwehlela okomile, ukukhwehlela emaphashini, ukuphefumula, i-cyanosis yesikhumba, umkhuhlane kungenzeka. Inkinga ingaba ukwehluleka kwezinso noma kwesibindi.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-helminths

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukugcina imithetho eyisisekelo yenhlanzeko: geza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuxhumana nenja, uphathe inja ngesikhathi ngamalungiselelo okuvimbela i-helminthiasis. Qaphela ngokucophelela ukuhlanzeka kwezandla zezingane. Ungayihlukumezi inhlanzi eluhlaza - imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda ezikelemu zetapeworm. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuphela kubabhubhisa. Abalandeli be-barbecue nama-steaks nabo kufanele baqaphele: amaqanda e-helminth avame ukuhlala enyameni engaphekiwe futhi eluhlaza. Geza kahle amajikijolo asendle, kanye nezithelo nemifino, ikakhulukazi engavamile. Okungcono amanzi asebhodleleni. Hamba ngezicathulo ogwini ngokuqapha okukhulu - ama-nematode angaqamekela esihlabathini. Okungenani kabili ngeviki, hlanza i-nursery emanzi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amathoyizi athambile ayagezwa, awepulasitiki ahlanjwe ngamanzi anensipho. Ungawuphuza kabili ngonyaka.