Izici zombono wamakati nendlela abona ngayo umhlaba owazungezile

Abantu bakhangwa ubuhle nemfihlakalo yamehlo ekati, kodwa kunjani ukubuka umhlaba ngeso lesilwane esifuywayo? Amakati awubona kanjani umhlaba wethu?

Ochwepheshe base-Hill bakhuluma ngokuthi hlobo luni lwamakati abona ngamehlo, ukuthi abona ebusuku nokuthi ayayihlukanisa yini imibala. Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana pet vision!

Umbono wamakati: abona kanjani

Abanikazi bamakati ngezinye izikhathi baba nomuzwa wokuthi abangani babo abanoboya babona into abangeyona. Ngokuvamile kuba. Amakati angase angabi nawo umuzwa wesithupha, kodwa anejwabu leso lesithathu, ulwelwesi oluncane olunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe. Ngokulandelayo, amehlo abo athuthuke kakhulu.

Amakati abona kanjani ebusuku?

Naphezu kwamahemuhemu, amakati awaboni ebusuku. Kodwa ngokwe-Merck Veterinary Manual, “amakati abona kangcono ngokuphindwe kasithupha ekukhanyeni okuncane kunabantu.” Lokhu kungenxa yedivayisi yokubona kulezi zilwane. Ama-photoreceptors awo akhiwe ngezinduku nama-cones. Zinezinduku eziningi, futhi zizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni kunezigaxa. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu kangaka lezinduku libenza bakwazi ukubona ukubunjwa nokunyakaza okwengeziwe ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Umbono wamakati ebumnyameni awuphelele, kodwa ebumnyameni obuncane ungcono kakhulu kunomuntu!

Esinye isizathu esenza amakati abone kahle kangaka ebumnyameni yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwesibuko ngemuva kwe-retina, okubonisa ukukhanya okumuncwa iso. Uma i-retina yomuntu “ingakuboni” ukukhanya, njengoba i-ABC Science Australia ichaza, imuncwa ungqimba olumnyama olungemuva kwe-retina. Nokho, emakati, “uma ukukhanya kungayishayi intonga, kuvela ongqimbeni olukhethekile. Ngemuva kwalokho isibani sithola ithuba lesibili lokushaya induku isebenze,” kuchaza u-ABC.

Ngenxa yalawa mehlo esibuko somlingo, amakati angabona izinto ezihambayo ekamelweni abantu abangakwazi ukuzibona. (Isikhathi esiningi aphenduka ama-dustballs, hhayi noma yini engavamile.) Lezi zonke izimfihlo mayelana nendlela amakati abona ngayo ebumnyameni.

Ingabe amakati anombono wombala?

Umbono wokuthi amakati anombono omnyama nomhlophe awuyona nje inganekwane, kuphawula u-AdelaideVet. Kodwa umngane onoboya ngempela akakwazi ukubona i-spectrum yombala egcwele engabonwa umuntu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngobuchwepheshe, amakati awaboni umbala ngoba awakwazi ukuhlukanisa yonke imibala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bayakwazi ukubona imibala ethile, nakuba i-muffled.

Ukwakheka kweso lakhe alivumeli ikati ukuthi libone yonke imibala yothingo. Abantu banama-photopigment receptors amathathu, kuyilapho amakati enamabili kuphela, anciphisa ukubona kwawo umbala. Imibala ebonakala igcwele kakhulu kithi ibukeka njenge-pastel kumakati. Futhi, lona umsebenzi wama-cones. Izilwane ezifuywayo zibona umhlaba kahle ngokumpunga, futhi zenza kahle ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi. Kodwa njengabantu ababhekwa njengabangaboni imibala, banobunzima bokuhlukanisa phakathi kokuluhlaza nokubomvu. Ikakhulukazi, umbala obomvu ubonwa yibo njengento nje emnyama.

Izici zombono wamakati: ingabe kukhona umbono wesilwane esizingelayo

Amakati angabazingeli abanobuqili nabahloswe kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele abonge amehlo abo ekati. I-Visual acuity ibavumela ukuthi babone ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane noma imidwebo efihlwe kahle yezilwane ezizingelayo. Amakati, njengabantu, anombono olinganiselwe we-peripheral, kodwa awenza ngobukhali bawo, kanye nokuma kwamehlo. Njengoba amehlo abo ebheke phambili, njengawabantu, amakati ayakwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ibanga phakathi kwawo nempango yawo, aqinisekise ukunemba kwawo nempumelelo ekunqobeni isitha.

Umbono noma ukuzwa: yini ebaluleke kakhulu ekatini

Naphezu kwazo zonke izici ezingavamile zokubona kwekati, umqondo obukhali kakhulu ekati awukona ukubona, kodwa ukuzwa.

Ukuzwa kwalo kuyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi, ngokwe-Animal Planet, “ikati eliqhele ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo lingakwazi ukukhomba indawo elikuyo libe ngamasentimitha ambalwa nje ngezingxenye ezingamakhulu ayisithupha zomzuzwana.” Amakati ayakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ekude… futhi abone ukuchezuka okuncane kakhulu komsindo, alandelela umehluko omncane njengengxenye eyodwa kweshumi yethoni, okubasiza ukuthi banqume uhlobo nosayizi wesilwane esizingelayo esenza umsindo.”

Kunezinganekwane eziningi kanye nokungaqondi kahle mayelana namakati. Futhi nakuba izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikwazi ukuchaza izinto ezingavamile ngendlela amakati azibona ngayo, zisenezici eziningi zokuziphatha. Lokhu kubenza babe lezo zidalwa ezingaqondakali abantu abazithandayo ngempela. Futhi uma kubhekwa ukuzwela kokuzwa nombono wamakati, akumangazi ukuthi abusa umhlaba.