Izilwane Ezisengozini kanye Nezincwadi Ezibomvu ze-Middle and Southern Urals

Ongasoze angena encwadini enjalo isibalo sezikhulu. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ezinye izilwane e-Red Book of the Urals ngesizathu esingenasizotha: alikho nje leli fomu. Icala, ikakhulukazi, lincike ekuhlukaniseni indawo. Isifunda ngasinye sinencwadi yaso ebomvu, futhi ingxenye eyodwa yesifunda ingaba se-Urals, kanti enye ingxenye ingaphandle kwayo. Empeleni, kungenzeka ukwenza uhlu olujwayelekile lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala kuwo wonke ama-Urals, kodwa luzongeza kancane kumarejista esifunda, futhi ukuze uthole usizo olusebenzayo, umuntu kusazodingeka aphendukele emithethweni nasezinsizeni zendawo.

Ema-Urals aPhakathi naseNingizimu, izincwadi ezinjalo zazikhona, kodwa esikhathini sethu, ezindabeni ezinjalo, ngokuyinhloko ziqondiswa izinhlu zendawo. Izilwane ezitholakala eNyakatho noma e-Polar Urals zidinga futhiskat ezincwadini zesifunda, isibonelo, ku-Red Book ye-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Ikhuluma, ikakhulukazi, amaqembu amathathu ama-reindeer, elinye lawo: inani labantu base-polar-Ural (izilwane ezingafika ku-150) zingabhalwa e-Red Book of the Urals.

Uma inyamazane ingavinjwa amapayipi egesi nokunye ukuxhumana, khona-ke bayakwazi ukufuduka ebangeni elingaphezu kuka-1000 km, okungukuthi, empeleni, bangafuduka besuka kwesinye isifunda se-Red Book baye kwesinye. E-Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, i-Polar Urals Reserve idaliwe, lapho ukudubula kwezilwane kuvinjelwe futhi ukufinyelela kwezinyamazane ezifuywayo kunqunyelwe. Noma kunjalo, inani le-taxon (iqembu) likalwa ngokuya ngedatha ethile ngabantu abaningi, ngokusho kwabanye, abanethemba elikhulu, kufika kuma-specimens angu-150.

Ngokuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, kuzo zonke Izincwadi Ezibomvu, izinga lengozi yokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane zihlukaniswe izigaba 6:

• 0 - abantu abanyamalele. Leli qembu elidabukisa kakhulu lakhiwe izilwane ezinomgogodla, okungakaze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwazo kule minyaka engu-50 edlule.
• 1 isengozini. Inani labantu lifinyelele izinga elibucayi.
• 2, 3, 4 - phakathi kuka-1 no-5.
• 5 - ukubuyisela isibalo sabantu. Inombolo yezilwane isondela esimweni lapho kungadingeki izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokubuyisela.

Ngomqondo wemvelo, i-Middle and Southern Urals igqama kulo lonke uhla, kude nokuba ngcono.

Red Book of the Urals Ephakathi

Lokhu kufanele kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezisengozini yemvelo yase-Ural endaweni yaseBashkortostan, Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk kanye Chelyabinsk izifunda. Amakhasi ale ncwadi avuselelwa njalo abazingela ngokungemthetho kanye nabaphathi bamabhizinisi abafanayo. Ngaphambi kokukhomba umbuthano wezisulu, umuntu kufanele anake isizinda sangaphandle esihambisana nomsebenzi womuntu.

Ngokusho kwemibhalo esemthethweni, ikhwalithi yamanzi emachibini amaningi esifundeni saseSverdlovsk isuka ekungcoleni kuya ekungcoleni kakhulu noma engcolile kakhulu. Isamba esikhishwayo esingcolisa umkhathi singaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,2 ngonyaka. Umthamo wamanzi angcolile, lapho u-68% wawo ungcolile, cishe u-1,3 billion cubic metres. amamitha ngonyaka, okungukuthi, cishe i-cubic kilometer yamanzi angcolile athululwa yisifunda saseSverdlovsk kuphela. Ezinye izifunda azingcono.

Imifula eyisithupha yesifunda ziqokwe njengemithombo yamanzi engcoliswe kakhulu eRussia. Uma kungekho izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza enobuthi, ezindaweni zamabhizinisi ezimboni kunezindawo zokugcina udaka namachibi okuxazulula aqoqe cishe ama-cubic metres ayizigidi ezingama-900 zamanzi angcolile anobuthi.

Cishe u-20% wamahlathi azungeze izikhungo zezimboni ancishwa ingxenye yezinaliti noma amahlamvu ngenxa yesisi esiyingozi. Amanye amadolobha ngisho nezifunda zonke zesifunda saseSverdlovsk zigqama ezibalweni ezinjalo ezicindezelayo. Ubudlelwano obukhona bezomnotho abunikezi sizathu sokuba nethemba: kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthi amabhizinisi enze izinkokhelo ezithile zenhlawulo kunokushintsha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza futhi abele izimali zokwakha kabusha.

Lezi akuzona iziqalo eziyize, kodwa cishe izingcaphuno zezwi nezwi ezivela ezimisweni zikaHulumeni Wesifunda SaseSverdlovsk. Isinxephezelo somonakalookwenziwa emvelweni kuhlala kuyisimemezelo esingenalutho. Ngisho nemifula enosebe oluhle kakhulu lwe-Usva neChusovaya, egeleza ezindaweni ezivikelekile, ingcoliswa ukungcola kwezimboni. Futhi uma sicabangela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuthola izimali zesabelomali kanye nokweba nokukhohlakala osekuvele kungabonakali, khona-ke i-Red Book yase-Urals ingabonwa kuphela njengomlando wecala lomuntu ogula ngokungenathemba.

Naphezu kwengcebo enkulu yama-Urals emithonjeni yemvelo, kusenezindawo eziningi ezingezona izithakazelo zezimboni, ngakho-ke zigcinwe kahle futhi azihlali abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane zasendle. Kulabo abanenhlanhla encane, i-Red Book ivuleke kakhulu.

I-Muskrat

Isilwane nje lesi kubani ayikho inhlanhla ngendawo, futhi wawela esigabeni sokuqala se-Red Book of the Middle Urals, ngokuqondile, i-Perm Territory kanye neSifunda saseChelyabinsk. (Izindawo zokuhlala eziyinhloko ze-desman zingamachibi ezikhukhula, futhi atholakala entshonalanga nasempumalanga ye-Ural Range). Amanzi angajulile asha ehlobo futhi abe yiqhwa ebusika awafanelekile kuwo. I-muskrat ingaphila kuphela emigodini efinyelela ngaphansi kwezinga lamanzi, futhi ngenxa yalokhu usebe lwemithombo yamanzi kufanele luchazwe kahle.

Ukuhaha komuntu bekulokhu kuyingozi enkulu kulesi silwane esincane. Lapho inani le-muskrat liselikhulu, labhujiswa kakhulu ngenxa yoboya obuhle obuyigugu. Futhi ukuzalaniswa kwe-muskrat ngomgomo ofanayo we-pragmatic kwaholela ekuthuthweni kwe-desman ezindaweni zabo ezivamile. Umthelela omubi nakakhulu enanini labantu ubangelwa umsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu: ukuthathwa kwamanzi okunisela, ukugeleza kwamanzi, ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi.

Hedgehog

Ukufakwa kuhlu kwe-hedgehog evamile eNcwadini Yedatha Ebomvu Yesifunda SaseSverdlovsk angamangaza noma ubani, kodwa hhayi izakhamuzi zaseYekaterinburg noma i-Nizhny Tagil, ezithola konke okujabulisayo kwesimo semvelo sendawo esikhumbeni sabo. Uma inqwaba yezinhlobo zezinambuzane zingakwazi ukumelana nakho, khona-ke uchungechunge lokudla lufinyelela ngisho ne-hedgehog. Ukugawula nokulima amahlozi kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. I-hedgehog enezindlebe ibhalwe ku-Red Book yaseBashkortostan.

I-European Mink

Encwadini Ebomvu Yesifunda saseChelyabinsk, lesi silwane siwela esigabeni 1, e-Bashkortostan, esigabeni sesi-2, futhi eNcwadini Ebomvu ye-Perm Territory, asikho ngokuphelele, njengoba sisohlwini lwezinsiza zokuzingela. Ngakho-ke ku-mink yaseYurophu, uhlobo lwaseMelika luyingozi kakhulu kunabantu.

Ezinye izilwane

Uma singawunaki umqondo wansuku zonke wezilwane, obhekisela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo kuphela, futhi sikhumbula ukuthi izazi zezinto eziphilayo zisho ukuthini ngalokhu, khona-ke uswebezane lwezinambuzane, izinyoni nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kwezitshalo zizothatha amakhasi amaningana nje ekuzibhaleni.

Kusuka ezilwaneni ezincelisayo amalulwane angahlukaniswa:

• ilulwane eline-mustachioed
• ilulwane lamanzi
• ilulwane likaNathusius
• ilulwane elincane
• ebusuku echibini
• ibhantshi lesikhumba elisenyakatho
• isikhumba sekwephuzile
• Nateterera ebusuku

Amalungu ohlelo lwegundane:

• ingwejeje endizayo - ingenza izindiza ezitshuzayo zifike ku-50 m
• i-jerboa enkulu
• ihlathi lemming
• i-hamster empunga
• ingadi dormouse
• I-hamster ka-Eversman
• I-hamster yaseDjungarian

Incwadi Ebomvu ye-Southern Urals

Kufaka izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala ezindaweni zase-Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk nase-Orenburg. I-JSC "Orsknefteorgsintez" kanye ne "Gaisky GOK" yenza umnikelo omkhulu esimweni semvelo esifundeni sase-Orenburg. Njengoba kunikezwe isimo sengqondo sobuqaba emvelweni, igama elithi "Mednogorsk copper and sulfur plant" lanele ukwenza izazi zemvelo zithuthumele uma zingakasetshenziselwa imiphumela emikhulu. Esifundeni sase-Orenburg, imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile yenza u-5% kuphela, kuyilapho amanzi angcolile kakhulu atholakala ku-16% wemithombo yamanzi.

Cishe ingxenye yenhlabathi iyalinywa, okubangela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, isomiso nokuncipha kokuvunda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe ama-25% amanzi omfula i-Ural athathwa kanye nezigidi zama-cubic metres. imisele engcolile yesifunda saseChelyabinsk nezabo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo, ezingenawo ama-levers of influence, zingarekhoda izinguquko kuphela ku-Red Book.

Ukugqoka kwaseNingizimu Russian

Lesi silwane esivela umndeni wakwamarten uhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezingenamithi neziwugwadule. Akumangalisi ukuthi ezindaweni ezilinyiwe zawela esigabeni 1. Njenge-polecat ye-steppe, lesi silwane sizingela ngokuyinhloko ebusuku: amagundane, izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezincane ezinomgogodla. Isilwane esisheshayo nesisheshayo sigwema ukusondelana nabantu kanye nezindawo ezitshaliwe.

Nakuba ukugqoka okufihlakele okunamachashaza kungenanzuzo kubazingeli, lesi silwane siya siba yivelakancane futhi siyivelakancane ngokwemvelo.

Saiga - Saiga tatarica

Umndeni omncane wezinyamazane, i-saiga(k), usengozini enkulu ngisho nangamazinga omhlaba. Encwadini Ebomvu yesifunda sase-Orenburg, lesi silwane sisesigabeni 1. Abantu abaningi bayakubona lokhu inhlwathi ene-humpbacked. Leli fomu lichazwa ngokuziphendukela kwemisindo yothando ngesikhathi se-rut - abesilisa abanamandla kakhulu benza imisindo (ngekhala) yemvamisa ephansi, ukukhethwa kokuqala kuya kule ndlela futhi.

Esifundeni sase-Orenburg, kunendawo yombuso "Orenburgsky", equkethe izindawo ezi-4 ezingazodwa, enkulu kunazo zonke "i-Ashchisaiskaya steppe" inendawo engamahektha angama-7200. Emahekthareni, lesi sibalo sibukeka, mhlawumbe, sihlaba umxhwele, kodwa ngokuphathelene nokuvikelwa kwe-saigas, kuzwakala njengokuhleka usulu: umhlambi owesabekayo walezi zinyamazane uzowela insimu enesilinganiso esingu-8 by 9 km ngemizuzu engaphansi kwe-10. Ngakho-ke inkulumo ethi: imihlambi emincane yama-saigas itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda sase-Orenburg, kufanele iqondwe kulo mongo - ingazulazula ngenhlanhla.

ikati le-steppe

Kumakati avilapha kakhulu futhi axakile, izindawo ezincane zezindawo zokulondoloza imvelo azikona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kangako. Mhlawumbe yingakho lesi silwane esihle siseNcwadini Ebomvu Yesifunda sase-Orenburg. hhayi isigaba esiyingozi kakhulu sesi-3. Inyama yayo ikakhulukazi amagundane nezinyoni. Ebusika, lapho ama-gerbil engafiki phezulu, amakati alambile angazulazula endaweni yokuhlala yabantu futhi agibele ehhokweni lezinkukhu.

Sengiphetha, singasho ukuthi isimo sengqondo sobuqaba emvelweni sijwayelekile hhayi esifundeni sase-Ural kuphela. Izindawo ezizungezile zaseNorilsk kanye nemvelo ye-Peninsula yaseKola ezungeze izitshalo zezimboni zishiya umbono ocindezelayo. Uma nje idola ne-euro kusalokhu kuyizilwane ezingcwele, kuyoba nendawo ephephile yezilwane zasendle esigabeni 0 kuphela eNcwadini Ebomvu.