E. Morales "Ingulube yaseGuinea: umuthi, ukudla kanye nesilwane esivamile e-Andes"
Edmundo Morales
Ukuhumusha kwenziwa ngu-Alexander Savin, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezomzimba Nezibalo.
Ukuhumusha kwangempela kusekhasini lewebhusayithi yomuntu siqu ka-A. Savin ku-http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
A. Savin ngomusa wasivumela ukuba sishicilele lezi zinto kuwebhusayithi yethu. Siyabonga kakhulu ngaleli thuba eliyigugu!
ISAHLUKO I. Ukusuka ezifuyweni kuye emakethe
ENingizimu Melika, izitshalo ezinjengamazambane kanye nommbila nezilwane ezifana ne-llamas ne-ku zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengokudla. Ngokusho komvubukuli wasePeru u-Lumbreras, i-kui yasekhaya, kanye nezitshalo ezitshaliwe nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, zisetshenziswe e-Andes kusukela cishe ngo-5000 BC. endaweni ye-Antiplano. Izinhlobo zasendle ze-ku zazihlala kule ndawo.
I-ΠΡΠΈ (Guinea pig) lesi isilwane esiqanjwe kabi njengoba kungeyona ingulube futhi akusona esaseGuinea. Akungeni ngisho emndenini wamagundane. Kungenzeka ukuthi igama elithi Guinea lasetshenziswa esikhundleni segama elifanayo elithi Guiana, igama lezwe laseNingizimu Melika lapho i-iyi yathunyelwa khona eYurophu. AbaseYurophu bangase bacabange ukuthi i-kui yalethwa ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika eGuinea, njengoba ilethwa isuka eNingizimu Melika ngemikhumbi ethutha izigqila ezivela eGuinea. Enye incazelo ihlobene neqiniso lokuthi i-i-yi yathengiswa eNgilandi nge-guinea eyodwa (iguinea). I-Guinea iwuhlamvu lwegolide olwakhiwa eNgilandi ngo-1663. Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, i-iyi ngokushesha yaba isilwane esifuywayo esidumile. INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I ngokwakhe yayinesilwane esisodwa, okwaba nesandla ekusakazekeni kwaso ngokushesha.
Kukhona okwamanje okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 ePeru, ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 e-Ecuador, 700 eColombia, futhi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3 eBolivia. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesilwane singamagremu angu-750, ubude obujwayelekile buyi-30 cm (ubukhulu buhluka kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-40 cm).
I-Kui ayinawo umsila. Uvolo ungathambile futhi ube mahhadlahhadla, ube mfushane futhi ube mude, uqonde futhi ugoqe. Imibala evame kakhulu emhlophe, ensundu ngokumnyama, empunga, nezinhlanganisela zayo ezihlukahlukene. Umnyama omsulwa uyivelakancane kakhulu. Isilwane sande kakhulu. Insikazi ingakhulelwa lapho inezinyanga ezintathu ubudala bese kuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu. Nakuba insikazi inezingono ezimbili kuphela, ingazala kalula futhi yondle amawundlu amahlanu noma ayisithupha, ngenxa yamafutha amaningi obisi.
Imvamisa kuba nezingulube ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 kulathini, kodwa akuvamile kwabayisishiyagalombili. I-Kui ingaphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, kodwa isilinganiso sokuphila iminyaka emithathu. Ezisikazi eziyisikhombisa zingakhiqiza amawundlu angama-72 ngonyaka, zikhiqize ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu enyama. I-cuy yasePeruvia eneminyaka eyizinyanga ezintathu inesisindo esingamagremu angu-850. Umlimi ophuma kweyeduna nensikazi eyishumi ngonyaka angaba nezilwane ezingama-361. Abalimi abafuya izifuyo emakethe bathengisa ezinsikazi ngemva kwe-litter yabo yesithathu, njengoba lezi ezinsikazi ziba zinkulu futhi zinesisindo esingaphezu kwe-1 kilogram 200 grams futhi zithengiswa ngenani eliphezulu kunabesilisa noma abesifazane abangenayo inzalo yobudala obufanayo. Ngemva kodoti wesithathu, izinsikazi ezizalayo zidla ukudla okuningi futhi ukufa kwazo ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuphezulu.
I-Kui ijwayelene kahle nezindawo ezipholile (izindawo eziphakeme ezishisayo nezintaba eziphakeme) lapho ivamise ukukhuliswa khona endlini ukuze ivikeleke esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu. Nakuba zingaphila ku-30Β°C, indawo yazo yemvelo yilapho izinga lokushisa lisukela ku-22Β°C emini kuya ku-7Β°C ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, i-Kui ayikubekezeleli amazinga okushisa angemahle futhi aphezulu ashisayo futhi ishisa ngokushesha elangeni eliqondile. Bazivumelanisa kahle nokuphakama okuhlukene. Angatholakala ezindaweni eziphansi njengamahlathi emvula ase-Amazon Basin, kanye nasezindaweni ezibandayo nezingenalutho.
Yonke indawo e-Andes, cishe yonke imindeni ine-kui okungenani ezingamashumi amabili. E-Andes, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izilwane ezifuywa ekhaya lendabuko. Indawo evamile yokugcina izilwane yikhishi. Abanye abantu bagcina izilwane emigodini noma emakhejini akhiwe ngodaka, umhlanga nodaka, noma amakhishi amancane afana neqhugwane angenamafasitela. AmaKui ahlala egijima ezungeza phansi, ikakhulukazi uma elambile. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi badinga intuthu ngakho-ke bazigcina emakhishini abo ngamabomu. Ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu i-alfalfa, kodwa badla nezinsalela zetafula njengamakhasi amazambane, izaqathi, utshani, nokusanhlamvu.
Ezindaweni eziphansi lapho ukulima kwebhanana kwenzeka khona, i-iyi idla ubhanana ovuthiwe. I-Kui iqala ukuzondla yodwa ngemva kwamahora ambalwa izelwe. Ubisi lukamama luyisithasiselo kuphela futhi aluyona ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwabo. Izilwane zithola amanzi ngokudla okunoshukela. Abalimi abaphakela izilwane ngokudla okomile kuphela banohlelo olukhethekile lokuphakela izilwane.
Abantu besifunda saseCusco bakholelwa ukuthi i-cuy iwukudla okungcono kakhulu. I-Kui idla ekhishini, iphumule emakhoneni ayo, ezimbizeni zobumba naseduze neziko. Inani lezilwane ekhishini ngokushesha libonisa umnotho. Umuntu ongenayo i-i ekhishini uyisibonelo sabantu abavilaphayo nabampofu kakhulu. Bathi ngabantu abanjalo, βNgimdabukela kakhulu, umpofu kangangokuthi akanayo ngisho neyodwa i-yi.β Imindeni eminingi ehlala phezulu ezintabeni ihlala emakhaya ne-ku. I-Kui iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhaya. Ukutshalwa kwayo nokudliwa kwayo njengenyama kunomthelela ezenzweni, imibono, ulimi, nomnotho womndeni.
Ama-Andes anamathele ezilwaneni zawo. Bahlala ndawonye endlini eyodwa, banakekele futhi bakhathazeke ngabo. Baziphatha njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Izitshalo, izimbali nezintaba kuvame ukuqanjwa ngazo. Nokho, i-kui, njengezinkukhu, akuvamile ukuba namagama azo. Ngokuvamile zibonakala ngezici zazo ezibonakalayo njengombala, ubulili, nobukhulu.
Ukuzalanisa i-Cui kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lama-Andean. Izilwane zokuqala ezivela endlini ngokuvamile zisesimweni sesipho noma ngenxa yokushintshana. Abantu abavamile ukuwathenga. Owesifazane ozovakashela izihlobo noma izingane ngokuvamile uthatha i-kui njengesipho. I-Kui, etholwe njengesipho, ngokushesha iba yingxenye yomndeni okhona. Uma lesi silwane sokuqala kuyinsikazi futhi sinezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu ubudala, maningi amathuba okuthi sikhulelwe. Uma kungekho abesilisa endlini, iqashwa kumakhelwane noma isihlobo. Umnikazi wendoda unelungelo kowesifazane kusukela kudoti wokuqala noma kunoma yimuphi owesilisa. Iduna eliqashiwe liyabuya ngokushesha lapho enye iduna ikhula.
Umsebenzi wokunakekela izilwane, njengeminye imisebenzi yasendlini, ngokwesiko wenziwa abesifazane nezingane. Zonke izinsalela zokudla ziqoqwa ku-ku. Uma ingane ibuya ensimini ingathengi izinkuni notshani be-ku endleleni, khona-ke ithethiswa njengomuntu ovilaphayo. Ukuhlanza ikhishi kanye ne-i cubbyholes nakho kuwumsebenzi wabesifazane nezingane.
Emiphakathini eminingi, i-Baby Ku iyimpahla yezingane. Uma izilwane zinombala ofanayo nobulili obufanayo, khona-ke ziphawulwa ngokukhethekile ukuze zihlukanise isilwane sazo. Umnikazi wesilwane angasilahla ngendlela athanda ngayo. Angahweba ngayo, ayithengise, noma ayihlabe. I-Kui isebenza njengemali encane kanye nomvuzo wezingane ezenza kahle imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ingane inquma ukuthi ingasisebenzisa kanjani isilwane sayo ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lobunikazi lusebenza nakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane.
Ngokwesiko, i-iyi isetshenziswa njengenyama kuphela ngezikhathi ezikhethekile noma imicimbi, hhayi njengokudla kwansuku zonke noma kwamasonto onke. Muva nje i-iyi isetshenziselwe ukushintshanisa. Uma ngalezi zikhathi ezikhethekile umndeni ungakwazi ukupheka i-kui, bese upheka inkukhu. Kulokhu, umndeni ucela izivakashi ukuba zithethelele futhi unikeze izaba zokungakwazi ukupheka i-kui. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi uma i-iku iphekwe, amalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi abesifazane nezingane, banikezwa ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile bagcina sebehlafuna ikhanda nezitho zangaphakathi. Indima eyinhloko ekhethekile ye-ku ukusindisa ubuso bomndeni futhi ugweme ukugxekwa yizivakashi.
E-Andes, izisho eziningi zihlotshaniswa ne-kui ezingahlobene nendima yayo yendabuko. I-Kui ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa. Ngakho owesifazane onezingane eziningi ufaniswa ne-ku. Uma isisebenzi singafuni ukuqashwa ngenxa yobuvila noma ikhono eliphansi, khona-ke bathi ngaye "ukuthi akakwazi ngisho nokwethenjwa ngokunakekelwa kwe-kui", okusho ukuthi akakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi olula. Uma owesifazane noma ingane eya edolobheni icela umshayeli weloli noma umthengisi ojikelezayo ukuthi amgibele, bathi, βNgicela ungihambise, okungenani ngingakwazi ukuba yisevisi ukuze nginikeze i-iyi yakho amanzi.β Igama elithi kui lisetshenziswa ezingomeni eziningi zesintu.
Indlela yokuzalanisa iyashintsha
E-Ecuador nasePeru, manje sekunamaphethini amathathu okuzalanisa i-ku. Lena imodeli yasekhaya (yendabuko), imodeli ehlanganyelwe (yokubambisana) kanye nemodeli yezohwebo (ezamabhizinisi) (ukuzalanisa izilwane ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo nezimboni).
Nakuba indlela yendabuko yokukhulisa izilwane ekhishini isisetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka, ezinye izindlela zisanda kuvela. Kuze kube muva nje, kwamanye amazwe amane ase-Andean, inkinga yendlela yesayensi yokuzalanisa i-ku yayicatshangelwa ngokujulile. IBolivia isasebenzisa imodeli yendabuko kuphela. Kuzothatha iBolivia iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuze ifinyelele ezingeni lamanye amazwe amathathu. Abacwaningi basePeru baye benza intuthuko enkulu ekuzaleni izilwane, kodwa eBolivia bafuna ukuzakhela ezabo izinhlobo zendawo.
Ngo-1967, ososayensi base-Agrarian University yaseLa Molina (eLima, ePeru) baqaphela ukuthi izilwane zincipha ngosayizi ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuye kwesinye, njengoba izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezisezintabeni zazithengisa futhi zidle izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi zishiya ezincane nezincane. ukuzalanisa. Ososayensi bakwazile ukumisa le nqubo yokuchoboza i-ku. Bakwazi ukukhetha izilwane ezingcono kakhulu zokuzalela ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi, ngokwesisekelo sabo, bakha uhlobo olusha. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa bathola izilwane ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.7.
Namuhla ePeru, abacwaningi basemanyuvesi baye bazalanisa i-i breed enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izilwane ezazinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-0.75 ekuqaleni kocwaningo manje zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-2. Ngokuphakelwa kahle kwezilwane, umndeni owodwa ungathola inyama engaphezu kuka-5.5 kilograms ngenyanga. Isilwane sesilungele ukusetshenziswa kakade lapho sineminyaka engamaviki angu-10. Ukuze izilwane zikhule ngokushesha, zidinga ukondliwa ngokudla okusanhlamvu, isoya, ummbila, i-alfalfa kanye negremu elilodwa le-ascorbic acid kuwo wonke ilitha lamanzi. I-Kui idla amagremu angu-12 kuya kwangu-30 wokuphakelayo futhi inyuka ngesisindo ngo-7 kuya ku-10 amagremu ngosuku.
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, bambalwa abazalela i-i-i ekhishini. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, imindeni ehlala ezakhiweni ezinegumbi elilodwa noma ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi ivame ukwabelana ngezindlu zayo nge-ku. Lokhu abakwenzi nje ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo, kodwa ngenxa yamasiko esizukulwane esidala. Umluki wekhaphethi ovela edolobhaneni laseSalasaca esifundeni saseTungurahua (Ecuador) unendlu enamagumbi amane. Indlu inekamelo lokulala elilodwa, ikhishi elilodwa namakamelo amabili anama-looms. Ekhishini, kanye nasekamelweni, kunombhede obanzi wokhuni. Inganela abantu abayisithupha. Umndeni unezilwane ezingaba ngu-25 ezihlala ngaphansi komunye wemibhede. Lapho i-i waste inqwabelana endaweni emanzi ewugqinsi ngaphansi kombhede, izilwane zidluliselwa komunye umbhede. Imfucuza ephuma ngaphansi kombhede ikhishelwa egcekeni, yomiswe bese isetshenziswa njengomanyolo engadini. Nakuba le ndlela yokuzalanisa izilwane ingcweliswa isiko lamakhulu eminyaka, kodwa manje isithathelwa indawo nezindlela ezintsha ezinengqondo.
Umfelandawonye wasemakhaya eTiocajas unendlu enezitezi ezimbili. Isitezi sokuqala sendlu sihlukaniswe ngamabhokisi ezitini ayisishiyagalombili anendawo eyimitha-skwele eyodwa. Ziqukethe izilwane ezingaba yikhulu. Esitezi sesibili kuhlala umndeni onakekela impahla yomfelandawonye.
Ukuzalanisa i-ku ngezindlela ezintsha kubiza imali eningi. Amanani emikhiqizo yezolimo njengamazambane, ummbila nokolweni ayaguquguquka. I-Kui ukuphela komkhiqizo onenani lemakethe elizinzile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuzalanisa i-ku kuthuthukisa indima yabesifazane emndenini. Ukuzalaniswa kwezilwane kwenziwa ngabesifazane, futhi amadoda awasakhonondi kwabesifazane ngokuchitha isikhathi sabo emihlanganweni engasho lutho. Kunalokho, bayaziqhenya ngayo. Abanye besifazane baze bathi sebebuguqule ngokuphelele ubuhlobo bendabuko bendoda nomfazi. Omunye wabesifazane abakulo mfelandawonye wakhuluma ngokuncokola wathi βmanje yimina endlini ogqoka izicathulo.β
Kusukela ezifuyweni kuya emakethe impahla
Inyama ye-Kui ifinyelela kubathengi ngokusebenzisa imibukiso evulekile, izitolo ezinkulu nangezivumelwano eziqondile nabakhiqizi. Idolobha ngalinye livumela abalimi abavela ezindaweni eziseduze ukuthi balethe izilwane ezizozithengisa ezimakethe ezivulekile. Ngale njongo, iziphathimandla zedolobha zabela izindawo ezikhethekile.
Emakethe, intengo yesilwane esisodwa, kuye ngobukhulu baso, i-$ 1-3. Abalimi (amaNdiya) empeleni banqatshelwe ukuthengisa izilwane ngqo ezindaweni zokudlela. Baningi abathengisi bemestizo ezimakethe, abasuke bedayisela izilwane ezindaweni zokudlela. Umthengisi unenzuzo engaphezu kuka-25% esilwaneni ngasinye. AmaMestizo ahlala efuna ukwedlula abalimi, futhi njengomthetho ahlala ephumelela.
Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu we-organic
I-Kui akuyona nje inyama yezinga eliphezulu. Imfucuza yezilwane ingaguqulwa ibe umanyolo wezinga eliphezulu wemvelo. Imfucuza ihlale iqoqwa ukuze kuvundise amasimu namasimu ezithelo. Ukuze kukhiqizwe umanyolo, kusetshenziswa izikelemu ezibomvu.
Ungabona eminye imifanekiso ekhasini lesizindalwazi sika-A.Savin ku-http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
Edmundo Morales
Ukuhumusha kwenziwa ngu-Alexander Savin, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezomzimba Nezibalo.
Ukuhumusha kwangempela kusekhasini lewebhusayithi yomuntu siqu ka-A. Savin ku-http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
A. Savin ngomusa wasivumela ukuba sishicilele lezi zinto kuwebhusayithi yethu. Siyabonga kakhulu ngaleli thuba eliyigugu!
ISAHLUKO I. Ukusuka ezifuyweni kuye emakethe
ENingizimu Melika, izitshalo ezinjengamazambane kanye nommbila nezilwane ezifana ne-llamas ne-ku zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengokudla. Ngokusho komvubukuli wasePeru u-Lumbreras, i-kui yasekhaya, kanye nezitshalo ezitshaliwe nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, zisetshenziswe e-Andes kusukela cishe ngo-5000 BC. endaweni ye-Antiplano. Izinhlobo zasendle ze-ku zazihlala kule ndawo.
I-ΠΡΠΈ (Guinea pig) lesi isilwane esiqanjwe kabi njengoba kungeyona ingulube futhi akusona esaseGuinea. Akungeni ngisho emndenini wamagundane. Kungenzeka ukuthi igama elithi Guinea lasetshenziswa esikhundleni segama elifanayo elithi Guiana, igama lezwe laseNingizimu Melika lapho i-iyi yathunyelwa khona eYurophu. AbaseYurophu bangase bacabange ukuthi i-kui yalethwa ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika eGuinea, njengoba ilethwa isuka eNingizimu Melika ngemikhumbi ethutha izigqila ezivela eGuinea. Enye incazelo ihlobene neqiniso lokuthi i-i-yi yathengiswa eNgilandi nge-guinea eyodwa (iguinea). I-Guinea iwuhlamvu lwegolide olwakhiwa eNgilandi ngo-1663. Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, i-iyi ngokushesha yaba isilwane esifuywayo esidumile. INdlovukazi u-Elizabeth I ngokwakhe yayinesilwane esisodwa, okwaba nesandla ekusakazekeni kwaso ngokushesha.
Kukhona okwamanje okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 ePeru, ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 e-Ecuador, 700 eColombia, futhi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-3 eBolivia. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesilwane singamagremu angu-750, ubude obujwayelekile buyi-30 cm (ubukhulu buhluka kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-40 cm).
I-Kui ayinawo umsila. Uvolo ungathambile futhi ube mahhadlahhadla, ube mfushane futhi ube mude, uqonde futhi ugoqe. Imibala evame kakhulu emhlophe, ensundu ngokumnyama, empunga, nezinhlanganisela zayo ezihlukahlukene. Umnyama omsulwa uyivelakancane kakhulu. Isilwane sande kakhulu. Insikazi ingakhulelwa lapho inezinyanga ezintathu ubudala bese kuthi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu kuya kwezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nanhlanu. Nakuba insikazi inezingono ezimbili kuphela, ingazala kalula futhi yondle amawundlu amahlanu noma ayisithupha, ngenxa yamafutha amaningi obisi.
Imvamisa kuba nezingulube ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 kulathini, kodwa akuvamile kwabayisishiyagalombili. I-Kui ingaphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, kodwa isilinganiso sokuphila iminyaka emithathu. Ezisikazi eziyisikhombisa zingakhiqiza amawundlu angama-72 ngonyaka, zikhiqize ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu enyama. I-cuy yasePeruvia eneminyaka eyizinyanga ezintathu inesisindo esingamagremu angu-850. Umlimi ophuma kweyeduna nensikazi eyishumi ngonyaka angaba nezilwane ezingama-361. Abalimi abafuya izifuyo emakethe bathengisa ezinsikazi ngemva kwe-litter yabo yesithathu, njengoba lezi ezinsikazi ziba zinkulu futhi zinesisindo esingaphezu kwe-1 kilogram 200 grams futhi zithengiswa ngenani eliphezulu kunabesilisa noma abesifazane abangenayo inzalo yobudala obufanayo. Ngemva kodoti wesithathu, izinsikazi ezizalayo zidla ukudla okuningi futhi ukufa kwazo ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuphezulu.
I-Kui ijwayelene kahle nezindawo ezipholile (izindawo eziphakeme ezishisayo nezintaba eziphakeme) lapho ivamise ukukhuliswa khona endlini ukuze ivikeleke esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu. Nakuba zingaphila ku-30Β°C, indawo yazo yemvelo yilapho izinga lokushisa lisukela ku-22Β°C emini kuya ku-7Β°C ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, i-Kui ayikubekezeleli amazinga okushisa angemahle futhi aphezulu ashisayo futhi ishisa ngokushesha elangeni eliqondile. Bazivumelanisa kahle nokuphakama okuhlukene. Angatholakala ezindaweni eziphansi njengamahlathi emvula ase-Amazon Basin, kanye nasezindaweni ezibandayo nezingenalutho.
Yonke indawo e-Andes, cishe yonke imindeni ine-kui okungenani ezingamashumi amabili. E-Andes, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izilwane ezifuywa ekhaya lendabuko. Indawo evamile yokugcina izilwane yikhishi. Abanye abantu bagcina izilwane emigodini noma emakhejini akhiwe ngodaka, umhlanga nodaka, noma amakhishi amancane afana neqhugwane angenamafasitela. AmaKui ahlala egijima ezungeza phansi, ikakhulukazi uma elambile. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi badinga intuthu ngakho-ke bazigcina emakhishini abo ngamabomu. Ukudla abakuthanda kakhulu i-alfalfa, kodwa badla nezinsalela zetafula njengamakhasi amazambane, izaqathi, utshani, nokusanhlamvu.
Ezindaweni eziphansi lapho ukulima kwebhanana kwenzeka khona, i-iyi idla ubhanana ovuthiwe. I-Kui iqala ukuzondla yodwa ngemva kwamahora ambalwa izelwe. Ubisi lukamama luyisithasiselo kuphela futhi aluyona ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwabo. Izilwane zithola amanzi ngokudla okunoshukela. Abalimi abaphakela izilwane ngokudla okomile kuphela banohlelo olukhethekile lokuphakela izilwane.
Abantu besifunda saseCusco bakholelwa ukuthi i-cuy iwukudla okungcono kakhulu. I-Kui idla ekhishini, iphumule emakhoneni ayo, ezimbizeni zobumba naseduze neziko. Inani lezilwane ekhishini ngokushesha libonisa umnotho. Umuntu ongenayo i-i ekhishini uyisibonelo sabantu abavilaphayo nabampofu kakhulu. Bathi ngabantu abanjalo, βNgimdabukela kakhulu, umpofu kangangokuthi akanayo ngisho neyodwa i-yi.β Imindeni eminingi ehlala phezulu ezintabeni ihlala emakhaya ne-ku. I-Kui iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhaya. Ukutshalwa kwayo nokudliwa kwayo njengenyama kunomthelela ezenzweni, imibono, ulimi, nomnotho womndeni.
Ama-Andes anamathele ezilwaneni zawo. Bahlala ndawonye endlini eyodwa, banakekele futhi bakhathazeke ngabo. Baziphatha njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Izitshalo, izimbali nezintaba kuvame ukuqanjwa ngazo. Nokho, i-kui, njengezinkukhu, akuvamile ukuba namagama azo. Ngokuvamile zibonakala ngezici zazo ezibonakalayo njengombala, ubulili, nobukhulu.
Ukuzalanisa i-Cui kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lama-Andean. Izilwane zokuqala ezivela endlini ngokuvamile zisesimweni sesipho noma ngenxa yokushintshana. Abantu abavamile ukuwathenga. Owesifazane ozovakashela izihlobo noma izingane ngokuvamile uthatha i-kui njengesipho. I-Kui, etholwe njengesipho, ngokushesha iba yingxenye yomndeni okhona. Uma lesi silwane sokuqala kuyinsikazi futhi sinezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu ubudala, maningi amathuba okuthi sikhulelwe. Uma kungekho abesilisa endlini, iqashwa kumakhelwane noma isihlobo. Umnikazi wendoda unelungelo kowesifazane kusukela kudoti wokuqala noma kunoma yimuphi owesilisa. Iduna eliqashiwe liyabuya ngokushesha lapho enye iduna ikhula.
Umsebenzi wokunakekela izilwane, njengeminye imisebenzi yasendlini, ngokwesiko wenziwa abesifazane nezingane. Zonke izinsalela zokudla ziqoqwa ku-ku. Uma ingane ibuya ensimini ingathengi izinkuni notshani be-ku endleleni, khona-ke ithethiswa njengomuntu ovilaphayo. Ukuhlanza ikhishi kanye ne-i cubbyholes nakho kuwumsebenzi wabesifazane nezingane.
Emiphakathini eminingi, i-Baby Ku iyimpahla yezingane. Uma izilwane zinombala ofanayo nobulili obufanayo, khona-ke ziphawulwa ngokukhethekile ukuze zihlukanise isilwane sazo. Umnikazi wesilwane angasilahla ngendlela athanda ngayo. Angahweba ngayo, ayithengise, noma ayihlabe. I-Kui isebenza njengemali encane kanye nomvuzo wezingane ezenza kahle imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ingane inquma ukuthi ingasisebenzisa kanjani isilwane sayo ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lobunikazi lusebenza nakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane.
Ngokwesiko, i-iyi isetshenziswa njengenyama kuphela ngezikhathi ezikhethekile noma imicimbi, hhayi njengokudla kwansuku zonke noma kwamasonto onke. Muva nje i-iyi isetshenziselwe ukushintshanisa. Uma ngalezi zikhathi ezikhethekile umndeni ungakwazi ukupheka i-kui, bese upheka inkukhu. Kulokhu, umndeni ucela izivakashi ukuba zithethelele futhi unikeze izaba zokungakwazi ukupheka i-kui. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi uma i-iku iphekwe, amalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi abesifazane nezingane, banikezwa ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile bagcina sebehlafuna ikhanda nezitho zangaphakathi. Indima eyinhloko ekhethekile ye-ku ukusindisa ubuso bomndeni futhi ugweme ukugxekwa yizivakashi.
E-Andes, izisho eziningi zihlotshaniswa ne-kui ezingahlobene nendima yayo yendabuko. I-Kui ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa. Ngakho owesifazane onezingane eziningi ufaniswa ne-ku. Uma isisebenzi singafuni ukuqashwa ngenxa yobuvila noma ikhono eliphansi, khona-ke bathi ngaye "ukuthi akakwazi ngisho nokwethenjwa ngokunakekelwa kwe-kui", okusho ukuthi akakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi olula. Uma owesifazane noma ingane eya edolobheni icela umshayeli weloli noma umthengisi ojikelezayo ukuthi amgibele, bathi, βNgicela ungihambise, okungenani ngingakwazi ukuba yisevisi ukuze nginikeze i-iyi yakho amanzi.β Igama elithi kui lisetshenziswa ezingomeni eziningi zesintu.
Indlela yokuzalanisa iyashintsha
E-Ecuador nasePeru, manje sekunamaphethini amathathu okuzalanisa i-ku. Lena imodeli yasekhaya (yendabuko), imodeli ehlanganyelwe (yokubambisana) kanye nemodeli yezohwebo (ezamabhizinisi) (ukuzalanisa izilwane ezincane, eziphakathi nendawo nezimboni).
Nakuba indlela yendabuko yokukhulisa izilwane ekhishini isisetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka, ezinye izindlela zisanda kuvela. Kuze kube muva nje, kwamanye amazwe amane ase-Andean, inkinga yendlela yesayensi yokuzalanisa i-ku yayicatshangelwa ngokujulile. IBolivia isasebenzisa imodeli yendabuko kuphela. Kuzothatha iBolivia iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ukuze ifinyelele ezingeni lamanye amazwe amathathu. Abacwaningi basePeru baye benza intuthuko enkulu ekuzaleni izilwane, kodwa eBolivia bafuna ukuzakhela ezabo izinhlobo zendawo.
Ngo-1967, ososayensi base-Agrarian University yaseLa Molina (eLima, ePeru) baqaphela ukuthi izilwane zincipha ngosayizi ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuye kwesinye, njengoba izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezisezintabeni zazithengisa futhi zidle izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi zishiya ezincane nezincane. ukuzalanisa. Ososayensi bakwazile ukumisa le nqubo yokuchoboza i-ku. Bakwazi ukukhetha izilwane ezingcono kakhulu zokuzalela ezindaweni ezahlukene futhi, ngokwesisekelo sabo, bakha uhlobo olusha. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa bathola izilwane ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.7.
Namuhla ePeru, abacwaningi basemanyuvesi baye bazalanisa i-i breed enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izilwane ezazinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-0.75 ekuqaleni kocwaningo manje zinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-2. Ngokuphakelwa kahle kwezilwane, umndeni owodwa ungathola inyama engaphezu kuka-5.5 kilograms ngenyanga. Isilwane sesilungele ukusetshenziswa kakade lapho sineminyaka engamaviki angu-10. Ukuze izilwane zikhule ngokushesha, zidinga ukondliwa ngokudla okusanhlamvu, isoya, ummbila, i-alfalfa kanye negremu elilodwa le-ascorbic acid kuwo wonke ilitha lamanzi. I-Kui idla amagremu angu-12 kuya kwangu-30 wokuphakelayo futhi inyuka ngesisindo ngo-7 kuya ku-10 amagremu ngosuku.
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, bambalwa abazalela i-i-i ekhishini. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, imindeni ehlala ezakhiweni ezinegumbi elilodwa noma ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi ivame ukwabelana ngezindlu zayo nge-ku. Lokhu abakwenzi nje ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo, kodwa ngenxa yamasiko esizukulwane esidala. Umluki wekhaphethi ovela edolobhaneni laseSalasaca esifundeni saseTungurahua (Ecuador) unendlu enamagumbi amane. Indlu inekamelo lokulala elilodwa, ikhishi elilodwa namakamelo amabili anama-looms. Ekhishini, kanye nasekamelweni, kunombhede obanzi wokhuni. Inganela abantu abayisithupha. Umndeni unezilwane ezingaba ngu-25 ezihlala ngaphansi komunye wemibhede. Lapho i-i waste inqwabelana endaweni emanzi ewugqinsi ngaphansi kombhede, izilwane zidluliselwa komunye umbhede. Imfucuza ephuma ngaphansi kombhede ikhishelwa egcekeni, yomiswe bese isetshenziswa njengomanyolo engadini. Nakuba le ndlela yokuzalanisa izilwane ingcweliswa isiko lamakhulu eminyaka, kodwa manje isithathelwa indawo nezindlela ezintsha ezinengqondo.
Umfelandawonye wasemakhaya eTiocajas unendlu enezitezi ezimbili. Isitezi sokuqala sendlu sihlukaniswe ngamabhokisi ezitini ayisishiyagalombili anendawo eyimitha-skwele eyodwa. Ziqukethe izilwane ezingaba yikhulu. Esitezi sesibili kuhlala umndeni onakekela impahla yomfelandawonye.
Ukuzalanisa i-ku ngezindlela ezintsha kubiza imali eningi. Amanani emikhiqizo yezolimo njengamazambane, ummbila nokolweni ayaguquguquka. I-Kui ukuphela komkhiqizo onenani lemakethe elizinzile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuzalanisa i-ku kuthuthukisa indima yabesifazane emndenini. Ukuzalaniswa kwezilwane kwenziwa ngabesifazane, futhi amadoda awasakhonondi kwabesifazane ngokuchitha isikhathi sabo emihlanganweni engasho lutho. Kunalokho, bayaziqhenya ngayo. Abanye besifazane baze bathi sebebuguqule ngokuphelele ubuhlobo bendabuko bendoda nomfazi. Omunye wabesifazane abakulo mfelandawonye wakhuluma ngokuncokola wathi βmanje yimina endlini ogqoka izicathulo.β
Kusukela ezifuyweni kuya emakethe impahla
Inyama ye-Kui ifinyelela kubathengi ngokusebenzisa imibukiso evulekile, izitolo ezinkulu nangezivumelwano eziqondile nabakhiqizi. Idolobha ngalinye livumela abalimi abavela ezindaweni eziseduze ukuthi balethe izilwane ezizozithengisa ezimakethe ezivulekile. Ngale njongo, iziphathimandla zedolobha zabela izindawo ezikhethekile.
Emakethe, intengo yesilwane esisodwa, kuye ngobukhulu baso, i-$ 1-3. Abalimi (amaNdiya) empeleni banqatshelwe ukuthengisa izilwane ngqo ezindaweni zokudlela. Baningi abathengisi bemestizo ezimakethe, abasuke bedayisela izilwane ezindaweni zokudlela. Umthengisi unenzuzo engaphezu kuka-25% esilwaneni ngasinye. AmaMestizo ahlala efuna ukwedlula abalimi, futhi njengomthetho ahlala ephumelela.
Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu we-organic
I-Kui akuyona nje inyama yezinga eliphezulu. Imfucuza yezilwane ingaguqulwa ibe umanyolo wezinga eliphezulu wemvelo. Imfucuza ihlale iqoqwa ukuze kuvundise amasimu namasimu ezithelo. Ukuze kukhiqizwe umanyolo, kusetshenziswa izikelemu ezibomvu.
Ungabona eminye imifanekiso ekhasini lesizindalwazi sika-A.Savin ku-http://polymer.chph.ras.ru/asavin/swinki/msv/msv.htm.
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