Ukubusa Ezinjeni: Ingabe I-Alpha Dog Concept Iyasebenza?

Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu uba nombono wokuthi yonke inkulumo emayelana nokulalela nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinjeni ngandlela thize ingena esihlokweni esithi “ukubusa“. Abanikazi bezinja bakhuluma ngokuthi kufanele babe kanjani “umholi wephakethe” kanye “nenja ye-alpha ekhaya labo.” 

Isithombe: flickr

Esinye sezizathu ukuthi lowo ozichaza ngokuthi “umthakathi wezinja”, “umqeqeshi” odume kabi uCaesar Millan, uyaphuma ukuze amemezele ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezinonya nezinobudlova ukuze “alawule” izinja ezigangile.

Kodwa ingabe umqondo we-Alpha Dog uyasebenza ngempela? Ucwaningo lwanamuhla lubeka imibono enjalo imibuzo futhi lukhuluma ngokwehluleka kwayo.

Ososayensi ngokumelene

Ikakhulukazi, ukungabi nangqondo kukaMilan endleleni yakhe yonya kuyagxeka Stanley  isiKorea, uprofesa wezengqondo e-University of British Columbia, PhD., DSc, FRSC, umbhali wezincwadi eziningi mayelana nezinja (kuhlanganisa Inja Yesimanje, Kungani Izinja Zinekhala Ezimanzi? Ama-Pawprints Omlando, Indlela Izinja Ezicabanga Ngayo, Ikhuluma Kanjani Inja , Kungani Sithanda Izinja Esizenzayo, Yini Izinja Ezaziyo?Ubuhlakani Bezinja, Kungani Inja Yami Iziphatha Kanjalo? Ukuqonda Izinja Zamaduli, Amasela Alala, I-Left-hander Syndrome).

Izindlela zikaMillan, kusho uStanley Coren, azikutholi ukwesekwa phakathi kwezinja eziningi zokuziphatha nabacwaningi. 

Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi uCaesar Millan wazibiza ngokuthi “umthakathi wezinja”, okuzwakala kuxakile. Lesi isifinyezo sesihloko esithi “umhlebezi wamahhashi” esasetshenziswa okokuqala kubaqeqeshi bamahhashi abafana noWillis J. Powell noMonty Roberts. Kodwa babebizwa ngokuthi “abathakathi” ngokunembile ngenxa yokuthi benqaba ukusebenzisa amandla anonya, okwakuyindlela eyamukelekayo yokubhekana namahhashi anzima nanolaka, futhi bahlakulela izindlela ezithambile! Okusho ukuthi, isiqhathaniso ngokusobala asihambisani noMilan.

Mayelana namasu asetshenziswa uMilan, ochwepheshe, ikakhulukazi, John UDonaldson, umqondisi we-SPCA Academy for Dog Trainers eSan Francisco, wakubeka ngale ndlela: “Ubungcweti, obugcizelela izindinganiso zobuntu kanye nemikhuba emihle, lwadudulelwa kude le ndoda ngenjongo yokubukisa nokwenza imali ... Sebenzisa leli gama. "i-caster" ihlanganiswe nokusebenzisa ama-stranglehold, izindlela ezinonya nezingafundile kuwukungathembeki ngokuphelele futhi akucabangeki.

UJean Donaldson wamcasula kakhulu izindlela zikaMillan kangangokuthi naye, kanye naye Ian Dunbar, uchwepheshe wezinja owaziwayo futhi ohlonishwa kakhulu oneziqu zezilwane kanye ne-PhD kwezengqondo, wakha i-DVD ebizwa ngokuthi Fighting Dominance in a Dog Whispering World. Baphihlize ngokuphelele izindlela ezisetshenziswa uMillan ohlelweni lwe-TV oludumile. Izindlela zikaMillan zagxekwa kabi abanye abaqeqeshi bezinja nabaqeqeshi.

Kodwa-ke, uCaesar Millan uyi-fry encane kakhulu ukuthi anganaka kakhulu, ngokusho kukaStanley Coren. Kunombuzo obaluleke kakhulu okufanele ucatshangelwe. Isibonelo, ingabe umqondo wokubusa usebenza nhlobo, futhi ikakhulukazi umqondo wokuba "i-Alpha Dog - Pack Leader"?

Isithombe: flickr

Konrad Lorenz kanye nombono wokubusa ezinjeni

UKonrad Lorenz, encwadini yakhe ethi King Solomon’s Ring, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1949, uchaza umehluko ekuziphatheni kwenja enamandla nenamandla. U-Lorenz, owathola umklomelo kaNobel futhi ongomunye wabantu bokuqala abaziphatha ngezilwane, wasekela imibono yakhe ezinjeni zakhe. Uma inja eyodwa ibinolaka futhi ibusa (ibusa), enye inja yabona isimo sayo ngokubonisa ukuziphatha okuzithobayo (i-subdominant). U-Lorenz wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu naye wakha ubuhlobo bokubusa nenja, ngoba uma esongela enye yezinja, wabonisa izimpawu ezifanayo zokuzithoba kuye.

Kunjalo, akekho ophikisana neqhaza elibalulekile lika-Konrad Lorenz ku-ethology. Nokho, kukhona okunye okufanele ukucatshangelwe.

Okokuqala, u-Lorenz wafunda ezinye izilwane (ikakhulukazi, amahansi ampunga), kodwa akazange enze ucwaningo lwesayensi ngezinja - umbono wakhe usekelwe kuphela ekubhekeni izilwane ezifuywayo.

Okwesibili, imibono yososayensi ivamise ukukhombisa isiko nezinkolelo zenkathi yomlando lapho laba sosayensi bephila khona. U-Lorenz wazalelwa e-Austria ngo-1903 - futhi lokho kusho okuningi. Imibono kaKonrad Lorenz mayelana nezinja yathonywa izindlela zokuqeqesha izinja ezaziqhutshwa ngaleso sikhathi, iningi lalezi zindlela ezasungulwa amasosha aseJalimane ekuqeqesheni izinja zenkonzo. Futhi izindlela zokuqeqesha izinja ngaleso sikhathi zazibonisa izindlela ezivamile ezazikhona ebuthweni langaleso sikhathi, okusho ukuthi zazisekelwe esimisweni esiqinile nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphandle kwesizathu. Amathuluzi akhethekile athuthukiswe ukuqeqeshwa kule ndlela ahlanganisa, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwama-leashes ngesiswebhu komunye umkhawulo ukuze ithuluzi lihlale litholakala ukushaya inja uma lingalandeli umyalo.

Isithombe: littlerock.af.mil

UColonel Konrad Iningi layichaza kahle kakhulu ifilosofi yemfundo eyayikhona eJalimane ngaleso sikhathi. “Ngaphandle kokuphoqwa, akwenzeki neze ukuqeqesha inja noma umuntu. Ngisho nomnikazi wenja onenhliziyo ethambile ngeke akwazi ukuxhumana nesithixo sakhe esinemilenze emine asikhulekelayo ngaphandle kobudlova. 

Ngamanye amazwi, amasosha aseJalimane engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 ayeqinile: sebenzisa amandla ukuze uthole ukubusa bese usebenzisa lokho kubusa ukulawula ukuziphatha kwenja.

U-David L. Mech: Imibono Yokubusa kanye ne-Alpha Wolf

Ucwaningo lokuqala olwenziwa abathandi bezimpisi babonakala besekela umbono wombuso wezenhlalo oqinile, onjengeqhawe, ovame ukugcinwa ngamandla angokomzimba nangokusatshiswa. Umholi - "Alpha Wolf" - ngosizo lwezindlela ezinobudlova nezinsongo ugcina isimo sakhe njengomholi. Nokho, ngeshwa kubathandi bezindlela zobudlova, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwabonisa ukwehluleka okuphelele kwalo mbono.

David L. Down wayengomunye wososayensi bokuqala abafunda ngokuziphatha kwezimpisi endle. Ngama-70s ekhulwini lama-20, washicilela incwadi ebhalwe ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono eyayibusa ngaphambili, kuhlanganise naleyo kaLorenz, futhi kuyo wachaza umholi wephakethe ngokuthi "Alpha Wolf". Nokho, kamuva naye ngokwakhe wakungabaza ukufaneleka kokusebenzisa leli gama. Manje usefuna lokho le lebula akufanele isetshenziswe., njengoba esho ngephutha ukuthi izimpisi zilwela ukubusa.

Eqinisweni, njengoba zikhula, izimpisi ziyawushiya umkhaya wabazali ziyofuna umngane womshado futhi ziveze inzalo, ezakha iqoqo elisha. Futhi ukubusa kuvela ngenxa nje yokuthi abazali, njengakunoma yimuphi umndeni, ngokwemvelo balawula ukuziphatha kwezingane zabo, njengoba nje kwenzeka emkhayeni wabazali.

Njengasemikhayeni yabantu evamile, abazali babeka imithetho enengqondo ngobubele. Futhi kulokhu, igama elithi "Alpha" Mech alisebenzisi. Kunalokho, usebenzisa igama elithi “ukuzalanisa” iduna noma insikazi ephaketheni. Noma nje impisi-umama kanye impisi-ubaba.

Isithombe: pixabay.com

Ngakho-ke, umqondo we "Alpha Wolf" ungasetshenziswa kuphela ekuchazeni iphakethe elenziwe ngokwenziwa, lapho umuntu eqoqa izilwane ezingahlobene, kodwa, isibonelo, izimpisi ezibanjwe ngephutha ezibekwe endaweni ebiyelwe. 

Emaqenjini omphakathi angewona awemvelo, izilwane zingase zilwele ubuholi, futhi kuzovela "i-Alpha Wolf". Kodwa lokhu akusewona umndeni, kodwa kunalokho, ijele lokuphepha eliphezulu.

Kodwa izimpisi nazo azizona izinja!

Yiqiniso, izinja, ngaphezu kwalokho, zihluke kakhulu ezimpisini ngenxa yokufuywa. Futhi ungabhekisela, isibonelo, ocwaningweni Roberto Bonanni (Inyuvesi yaseParma, 2010).

Bafunda amaphakethe ezinja ezilahlekile futhi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ubuholi yinto eguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ephaketheni elilodwa lezilwane ezingama-27, iningi lezinja eziyisithupha zathatha indima yomholi weqoqo ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, kodwa okungenani ingxenye yezinja ezindala nayo yathatha indima yomholi okungenani ngezikhathi ezithile. Kwavela ukuthi indima yobuholi yayivame ukunikezwa izinja ezinolwazi kakhulu, kodwa, ngendlela, hhayi lezi ezinolaka kakhulu.

Kwakubonakala Iphakethe Ivumela inja eyodwa noma enye ukuthatha indima yomholi ngesikhathi esithile ukuze izuze kakhulu esimweni samanje futhi ifinyelele izinsiza ezidingekayo.

Isithombe: wikimedia

Kungani kudingeka sazi ngalokhu?

Okokuqala, ukuze gxeka wona kanye umqondo wokusebenzisa amandla anonya ekuqeqesheni izinja.  

Okwesibili-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi amasu asetshenziswa abantu abafana noCaesar Millan kanye nabanye abasekeli "beqhawe" ekuqeqesheni izinja nokulungiswa kokuziphatha kusekelwe isisekelo esingamanga. Leli yifa lebutho laseJalimane lekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kanye nokujwayelekile okungenasisekelo okusekelwe ekubukeni okukodwa kwezimpisi ezithunjiwe ezimweni ezingezona ezemvelo.

Isithombe: pxhere

Futhi mhlawumbe manje yisikhathi sokucabanga kabusha ngokuqeqeshwa kwezinja nokulalela ngokuvuna izindlela ezisekelwe on ukuqinisa okuhle. Kusukela kulo mbono, ukulawulwa kokuziphatha kwenja, okokuqala, ukusebenza nayo ugqozi kanye nezidingo, njengokudla, ukudlala, nokuxhumana nabantu, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amandla anonya ukuze “ubuse” isilwane esifuywayo ngendlela engadingekile neze nengajwayelekile.

Uma uhlela kahle izimo zokuphila zenja futhi umnikeze lokho akudingayo okwamanje, inja izojabula sebenzisana nawe. Futhi le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu kunalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukubusa".

Yebo, isimo somuntu kufanele sibe phezulu kunesenja. Nokho, lokhu kungafinyelelwa kalula hhayi ngamandla anonya, kodwa ngosizo lwe inhlonipho nokusebenzisa isikhuthazo.