Ingabe ithiyori yokubusa isebenza ezinjeni?

I-Dominance theory ("Pack theory") yazalwa ngekhulu lama-20. Omunye wabasunguli bayo kwakunguDavid Meach, usosayensi nochwepheshe bokuziphatha kwezimpisi. Ngama-70s, wafunda i-hierarchy emaphaketheni empisi futhi wathola ukuthi owesilisa onolaka kakhulu futhi onamandla uba umholi wephakethe, futhi bonke abanye bayamlalela. UMeech wabiza owesilisa onjalo ngokuthi “impisi ye-alpha”. 

Kuzwakala kuzwakala. Abantu abaningi bacabanga nje ubuhlobo phakathi kwezimpisi. Kodwa-ke okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwaqala. "I-Pack Theory" yagxekwa, futhi ngokushesha uDavid Meech waphikisa imibono yakhe.

Yazalwa kanjani i-Flock Theory? Kwaphela isikhathi eside uMitch ebuka ubudlelwano bezimpisi ephaketheni. Kodwa usosayensi waphuthelwa iqiniso elilodwa elibalulekile: iphakethe ayelibuka laligcinwe ekuthunjweni.

Okunye ukuphawula kwabonisa ukuthi endaweni yemvelo, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimpisi bakhelwa ngokwezimo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Izimpisi “ezindala” zibusa “abancane,” kodwa lobu budlelwano abukhiwe phezu kokwesaba, kodwa phezu kwenhlonipho. Njengoba zikhula, izimpisi zishiya iphakethe labazali bese zenza owazo. Bafundisa intsha indlela yokusinda, ibavikele ezingozini, bazibekele eyabo imithetho - futhi izingane zilalela abazali bazo ngoba ziyabahlonipha futhi bamukela ulwazi lwabo. Njengoba sezikhulile futhi sezifundile izisekelo zempilo, izimpisi ezincane zivalelisa kubazali bazo futhi zihambe zidala amaphakethe amasha. Konke lokhu kufana nokwakha ubudlelwano emndenini wesintu.

Khumbula izimpisi ochwepheshe abazibona lapho bevalelwe. Kwakungekho ubuhlobo bomndeni phakathi kwabo. Lezi kwakuyizimpisi ezibanjwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ezindaweni ezahlukene, zazingazi lutho ngomunye nomunye. Zonke lezi zilwane zafakwa endlwaneni yezinyoni, futhi izimo zokugcinwa kwazo zazingefani neze nalezo zasekamu lokuhlushwa. Kunengqondo ukuthi izimpisi zaqala ukubonisa ulaka futhi zilwela ubuholi, ngoba zazingewona umndeni, kodwa iziboshwa.

Ngokuthola ulwazi olusha, uMitch wayeka igama elithi "Alpha wolf" futhi waqala ukusebenzisa izincazelo "wolf - umama" kanye "wolf - ubaba". Ngakho-ke uDavid Meach wayichitha eyakhe inkolelo-mbono.

Ngisho noma besicabanga okwesikhashana ukuthi i-Pack Theory izosebenza, besingeke sibe naso isizathu sokushintsha izindlela zokwakha ubudlelwano ephaketheni lezimpisi siye ezifuyweni.

Okokuqala, izinja ziyizinhlobo ezifuywayo ezihluke kakhulu ezimpisini. Ngakho, ngokofuzo, izinja zivame ukwethemba abantu, kodwa izimpisi azikwenzi. Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukuthi izinja zisebenzisa “izinkomba” zomuntu ukuze ziqedele umsebenzi, kuyilapho izimpisi zenza zodwa futhi azibethembi abantu.

Ososayensi baye baqaphela izigaba zezinja ezilahlekile. Kwavela ukuthi umholi wepakethe akayena ohlukumeza kakhulu, kodwa isilwane esinolwazi kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ephaketheni elifanayo, abaholi bavame ukushintsha. Kuye ngezimo, inja eyodwa noma enye ithatha indima yomholi. Kubonakala sengathi iphakethe likhetha umholi okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe esimweni esithile kuzoholela kumphumela omuhle kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.

Kodwa noma besingakwazi konke lokhu, umuntu wayengeke akwazi ukubusa inja. Kungani? Ngoba abameleli bezinhlobo ezifanayo kuphela abangabusa omunye nomunye. Umniniyo akakwazi ukubusa inja yakhe ngoba ingeyohlobo oluhlukile. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, ngisho nochwepheshe bayakhohlwa ngakho futhi basebenzise leli gama ngokungalungile.

Yebo, isimo somuntu kufanele sibe phezulu kunesenja. Kodwa kanjani ukuza kulokhu?

Ithiyori yokubusa ehlulekile yabangela inani elikhulu lezindlela zemfundo ezisekelwe ekuhambiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla anonya. “Ungavumeli inja ingene ngomnyango ophambi kwakho”, “Ungavumeli inja idle ngaphambi kokuba uzidlele wena”, “Ungavumeli inja iwine okuthile kuwe”, “Uma inja ingakunqobi. lalela, uyibeke emahlombe (okubizwa ngokuthi "i-alpha coup") - konke lokhu kuyi-echoes yenkolelo-mbono yokubusa. Lapho wakha "ubudlelwane" obunjalo, umnikazi kufanele azilawule ngaso sonke isikhathi, abe nzima, angabonisi ububele enja, ukuze angaphuthelwa "ukubusa" kwakhe ngengozi. Kanti kwenzakalani ngezinja!

Kodwa ngisho nalapho uMitch ngokwakhe ephikisa inkolelo-mbono yakhe futhi imiphumela emisha yatholakala ezifundweni zokuziphatha kwezimpisi nezinja, inkolelo-mbono yokubusa yahlanekezelwa futhi yahlala iphila. Ngokumangalisayo, ngisho namanje ezinye izazi ze-cynologists zinamathela ngokungenangqondo kukho. Ngakho-ke, lapho unikeza inja ukuqeqeshwa noma ucela usizo emfundweni, kufanele uqale ucacise ukuthi iyiphi indlela uchwepheshe osebenza ngayo.

I-Brute force ekuqeqesheni izinja imbi. Ukubangela ubuhlungu besilwane esifuywayo kanye nokwesabisa akukaze kuholele emiphumeleni emihle. Ngokukhuliswa okunjalo, inja ayimhloniphi umniniyo, kodwa iyamesaba. Ukwesaba, yiqiniso, umuzwa onamandla, kodwa akusoze kwenza isilwane esifuywayo sijabule futhi kuzolimaza kakhulu isimo sakhe sengqondo.

Emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni, kuphumelela kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle: ukusebenza nezidingo zenja, umshukumisele ukuba alandele imiyalo ngokudumisa nokuphatha. Futhi nokwethula ulwazi ngendlela yokudlala ukuze bonke abahlanganyeli enqubeni bayijabulele.

Umphumela wokuqeqeshwa okunjalo ngeke kube kuphela ukukhishwa kwemiyalo, kodwa futhi ubungane obuqinile obuthembekile phakathi komnikazi nesilwane. Futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthi "ubuse" inja yakho.