Dalmatia

I-Dalmatian iyisilwane esifuywayo esinomdlandla futhi esijabule. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okukhazimulayo, ngeke nakanjani ungabonakali lapho uhamba epaki namapaki ezinja.

Izici ze-Dalmatian

Izikhathi eziyisisekelo

• Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu futhi ezikhuthele kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlala endlini yangasese nethuba lokuhamba mahhala endaweni ebiyelwe kungcono.
• Abantu baseDalmatians badinga ukuhlalisana kwasekuqaleni kanye nokukhuliswa ngendlela efanele.
• Ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okwanele ngokomzimba, ziphenduka izinja ezibhubhisayo ezingalawuleki.
• Ama-Dalmatians awafanele ukuhlala ezindlini nemindeni enezingane ezincane.
• Naphezu kwejazi elifushane, bachitha kakhulu futhi badinga ukunakekelwa njalo.
• Cishe i-12% yemidlwane izalwa izithulu.
• Iphethini yamabala emzimbeni ihlukile kumuntu ngamunye.
• Izinja kuphela ezinamabala amnyama noma ansundu kungemuva elimhlophe ezivunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza emibukisweni, kodwa ezinye izinketho zemibala zikhona.

I-Dalmatian ingenye yezinhlobo lapho "abezindaba" kanye nokuduma kwesikhashana kwenze umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle. Izinja ezinomlingiswa onzima kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokuzivocavoca kwansuku zonke azizwani nawo wonke umlandeli wekhathuni ye-Disney. Kodwa abanikazi abanolwazi nabanomthwalo wemfanelo bazothola umngane ozinikele kanye nomngane omangalisayo ekudaleni okunamandla.

Umlando wohlobo lwe-Dalmatian

Ukukhulunywa ngezinja ezimabalabala kutholakala emibhalweni yezinkathi ezahlukene kanye nezifunda ezehlela kithi, kusukela emiqulwini yasendulo ye-papyrus yaseGibhithe. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwe ezincazelweni ezincane zamazwi, akunakwenzeka ukwahlulela ngokunengqondo ukuthi ubani ngempela owayengukhokho wamaDalmatians anamuhla.

Ubufakazi bokuqala obuthembeke kakhulu bokuba khona kohlobo luhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-16-17. Izinja ezimhlophe ezinezimpawu ezincane ezimnyama zivezwe emisebenzini yobuciko yezenkolo neyezwe yalezo zikhathi: imidwebo yealtare eBandleni likaSt. Mary (owaziwa nangokuthi “Gospe od anđela”) edolobheni elincane esiqhingini sokungcebeleka saseLošinj. , i-fresco esigodlweni sezindela saseFrancisca e-Zaostrog, ama-frescoes esontweni i-Santa Maria Novella e-Florence, izithombe zemikhosi zabaculi baseVenetian nabaseTuscan, ezibonisa izicukuthwane ezinethonya - isibonelo, u-Cosimo II de Medici. Njengoba ubufakazi obuningi bokuqala butholakala endaweni yomlando yaseDalmatia, manje eseyingxenye yeCroatia, kusuka lapha ukuthi kuyisiko ukuthola izimpande zomakoti. Yebo, futhi ukuvumelana okusobala kwamagama kukhulumela le nguqulo, eyamukelwe ngokusemthethweni yi-FCI.

Kuyo le ndawo, ogwini olufudumele loLwandle i-Adriatic, ezinye izincwadi “zezinkolelo-mbono” nazo zabona ukukhanya. I-Archdiocese yamaRoma Katolika yase-Djakovo-Osijek igcine ezinqolobaneni zayo umlando kaMbhishobhi uPetar Bakic (1719) no-Andreas Kecskeméta (1739), bobabili abakhuluma ngezinja ezithize zaseCroatia u-Canis Dalmaticus. Ngo-1771, isazi sezemvelo saseWales uThomas Pennant wabhala incwadi ethi Synopsis of Quadrupeds, lapho aqala khona ukuqamba uhlobo lweDalmatian. Ngo-1790, isazi somlando wemvelo saseNgilandi uThomas Bewick wafaka amaDalmatians eMlandweni Ojwayelekile WamaQuadruped.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kwaba eBrithani lapho abafuduki abavela eDalmatia bathola ukuthandwa okuthile. Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi abameleli bezinye izinhlobo basetshenziswe lapha ukuzalanisa, ikakhulukazi, izinkomba ezimnyama kanye ne-white English terriers. Laba bamuva bafa eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, kodwa babe nesandla ekudalweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zanamuhla: I-Boston Terrier, i-American Bulldog, i-Bull Terrier, i-American Staffordshire Terrier nabanye. Ngemizamo yabafuyi beFoggy Albion, engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18, ukubukeka okubonakalayo kwamaDalmatians kwakhiwa namuhla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "izinja zamaNtaliyane", njengoba abaseBrithani bebabiza ekuqaleni, baqaphela ikhono elimangalisayo lokugijima cishe ngokungakhathali ibanga elide, hhayi eliphansi ngesivinini kunezinqola ezidonswa amahhashi. Izinja ezinezinyawo ezisheshayo zenziwe onogada "bempahla ephathekayo" ohambweni lwasemadolobheni nohambo olude - uhlobo lwesibonelo sama-alamu ezimoto zesimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nohambo, abashayeli abanemilenze emine balandela amahhashi futhi ngokulunywa kancane baphoqelela izilwane ezikhathele noma ezivilaphayo ukuba zilondoloze ijubane elibekwe umshayeli. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, incazelo yezinja ezithwalayo inamathele kuzo.

Nakuba imisebenzi yamaDalmatians yayingagcini kulokhu. Babegada izindlu, besiza abazingeli bezilwane ezifuywayo ezincane nezinkulu, besebenza “njengabaqaphi” bezintokazi ezihloniphekile ezihamba ngaphandle kwenkampani yesilisa. Phakathi nenkathi ye-Regency, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinamachashazi zaba uphawu lwesimo somphakathi esiphezulu somnikazi.

Ngemva kokuwela ulwandle, izinja ezingavamile zashintsha izindima futhi esikhundleni sezicukuthwane ezicebile, zazihambisana nama-fire brigades okuzithandela, okuthi, ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwenqwaba yezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, azikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle "kwehhashi" langempela. Njengoba zazibonakala kude, “izinsimbi” ezimhlophe zaziyisixwayiso kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo mayelana nezicishamlilo ezisondelayo futhi zasiza ekususeni izinsimbi namasignali amancane. Kodwa ngisho nangemva kokuba izinqola zokucisha amalangabi seziphenduke imibukiso yasemnyuziyamu, abaningi babengafuni ukuhlukana nama-talisman abo aphilayo. Namuhla, izinja ezinomusa ziwuphawu olubonakalayo lwabacimi bomlilo base-US.

Ngokuqondene nomlando wombukiso, ngokokuqala ngqa, izinja zaseDalmatia zethulwa ekwahlulelweni kwejaji lochwepheshe kanye nomphakathi ngo-1860 eBirmingham. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, iklabhu yabazalanisi yasungulwa futhi kwasungulwa indinganiso yohlobo olusemthethweni. Wayeqashelwe yi-American Kennel Club eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili. I-FCI yabhalisa iDalmatian ngo-1926.

E-Moscow, abameleli bokuqala bobuzalwane obubonakalayo bavela ngo-1982, kodwa ukuzalanisa e-USSR kwaqhubeka kancane kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi elisha. Futhi isidingo semidlwane sasincane, ngoba abathandi bezinja abaningi babengenalo nhlobo ulwazi mayelana nokuba khona kohlobo. Amakilabhu e-Monobreed avela kuphela ekuqaleni kwawo-90s. Namuhla, ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwamakennels nabanikazi baseDalmatians kusenhloko-dolobha, iSt. Petersburg, iNizhny Novgorod, iYekaterinburg, iNovosibirsk namanye amadolobha.

Ividiyo: i-Dalmatian

Ukubukeka kweDalmatian

I-Athletic and hardy, izinja zikanokusho ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo ukuya omkhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa banesisindo esingama-18-27 kg, ubude bungama-58-61 cm, abesifazane - 16-24 kg no-56-58 cm, ngokulandelana.

Head

Ikhanda le-Dalmatian lilingana nomzimba. Inde, isicaba, ayibanzi kakhulu phakathi kwezindlebe. Muzzle onesitobhi esishiwo, esilingana ngobude noma esifushane kancane kune-occiput. Akukho ukugoqeka kwesikhumba ekhanda.

Izindlebe

Inkulu ngokulingene, ibekwe kabanzi ekhanda, icindezelwe kuyo emaceleni. Umumo ongunxantathu onamathiphu ayindilinga kancane. Umbala uyabonakala, uhambisana nombala ojwayelekile.

Amehlo

Amehlo e-Dalmatian anosayizi omaphakathi, amise okweqanda. Umbala uhambisana nombala: onsundu omnyama wezinja ezinamabala amnyama, inhlaka yezindawo ezinsundu. Ukubukeka kucacile futhi kuhlakaniphile. Amajwabu amehlo alingana kahle nenhlamvu yeso. Imiphetho yabo inombala ogqamile (kuye ngokuthi umbala - omnyama noma onsundu).

Nose

Indlebe ibanzi, inemibala egcwele (emnyama noma ensundu ngokombala ophansi), futhi amakhala avuleke kakhulu.

Izindebe namazinyo

Izindebe zisondele emhlathini. Imihlathi iqinile. I-scissor bite, amazinyo angaphezulu adlula ngokuphelele amazinyo aphansi.

Neck

Iqinile, yinde impela.

Uzimele

Umzimba we-Dalmatian wakhiwe kahle, amahlombe anemisipha, enesifuba esijulile kanye nezimbambo eziqinile. Ingemuva liqondile futhi liqinile. I-loin ne-croup ine-muscular, i-slope ayibalulekile.

izitho

Imilenze yangaphambili iqondile, izindololwane zicindezelekile emzimbeni. Imilenze yangemuva inemisipha, amadolo aqinile futhi athuthuke kahle. Izidladla zifana nezekati: zihlangene futhi ziyindilinga, izinzwane zi-arched. Izinzipho zingaba nemibala kuye ngombala oyisisekelo.

Umsila

Umsila weDalmatian mude impela, unamabala, uqondile. Kujiyile esisekelweni, kunciphe ukuya phezulu.

Uboya

Ifushane, iminyene, ibushelelezi, icwebezelayo, iqinile.

Color

Emuva elimhlophe eliyinhloko, kukhona amabala amnyama noma ansundu (umbala owodwa ngokuqinile!) anemikhonto ecacile, etholakala ngokulinganayo emzimbeni, ekhanda, ezindlebeni nasemsila.

Isithombe somuntu omdala wase-Dalmatian

Umlingiswa waseDalmatian

Ama-Dalmatians awafanele abanikazi abangenalwazi kanye nabantu abadinga inkampani yenja ye-phlegmatic "sofa". Ngokumangalisayo ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okufanele ngokomzimba, amandla angasetshenzisiwe aqondisa emigilingwaneni elimazayo, elimaza ikhaya. Esimweni esinjalo, isilwane siba esingalawuleki, asilaleli imiyalo futhi singakunaki ngokuphelele ukuvinjelwa.

I-Dalmatian idlala nengane

Ukwehluleka ukuqonda isizathu esiyisisekelo sokuziphatha okunjalo kuye kwaholela ekwakhekeni kombono oyiphutha mayelana nokuhlakanipha okuphansi. Uma i-Dalmatian ingaphenduli "Cha!" futhi “Kimina!”, lokhu akusho nhlobo ukuthi uyisiphukuphuku. Iphuzu liwukuthi umnikazi wenza amaphutha amakhulu ngesikhathi semfundo, akazange amise igunya lakhe futhi aqhubeke nochungechunge lwamaphutha, enganeliseki izidingo zemvelo zesilwane ekuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele, ubudlelwano bokwakha obulinganiselayo futhi obuzolile nomdlwane, ukuhlangana kwabantu kusenesikhathi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwengqondo enempilo futhi eqinile. Izinja ezinjalo zizwa kahle isimo somuntu futhi zivumelane nazo, zilandela imiyalo ngenjabulo, aziqali ukulwa ezindaweni zokuhamba, zivinjelwe nabantu abangabazi, futhi zinobungane ezilwaneni.

Ama-Dalmatians awanamathele kumuntu oyedwa "owakhe", athanda ngokulinganayo futhi avikele wonke amalungu omndeni, kuyilapho elwela ukuba nengxenye esebenzayo kukho konke abantu abakwenzayo. Bahlala kahle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi uma bekhula nazo. Kusezakhini zofuzo ukukhangwa isikhathi eside enkampanini yamahhashi, kodwa bambalwa abantu namuhla abanesitebele, ngakho inkampani yenja noma yekati izoba efanelekile.

Emndenini onabantwana abancane, ukufika kwe-"plum pudding" enamandla, njengoba amaNgisi ebiza lezi zinja ngothando, kungaba inkinga. Kodwa hhayi ngoba ngokwemvelo banolaka futhi bayakwazi ukulimaza omncane ngamabomu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaDalmatians, amawala futhi abukhali ngokwemvelo, awalingani amandla awo futhi ngokuvamile awisa izingane ezisendleleni engafanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane ezinenkinga yokuzwa zivikela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokumelene "nosongo" lapho zisondela ngokungaqondakali ngemuva noma ziphazamisekile ebuthongweni bazo, futhi kunzima ukuthi imvuthu ifunde ngokushesha ubuqili bokubhekana nelungu lomndeni elikhethekile.

Kodwa ngezingane ezindala kanye nentsha, abaseDalmatians ezimweni eziningi bazwana kahle, bezwa umphefumulo ongaphumuli.

Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa

Ama-Dalmatians aphakathi kwezinhlobo lapho ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Imvelo ethanda inkululeko, amandla angalawuleki, imvelo yomzingeli ngaphandle kokulawula kanye nezinqubo zokuzibamba ezakhiwe ebuntwaneni ziholela ekubukeni kwesilwane esidala esingalawuleki, esibhubhisayo.

Ukufunda imiyalo eyisisekelo nokuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle akukwazi ukubekelwa ishelufu. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuvela komdlwane ekhaya lakho, uhlelo lwemfundo kufanele luqale. I-Dalmatian encane kufanele iqonde ngokucacile imingcele yalokho okuvunyelwe futhi yazi ukuthi ukungalaleli kuyoba nemiphumela. Yiqiniso, akwamukelekile ukukhombisa ubudlova nokusebenzisa amandla angokwenyama, kodwa izwi eliqinile neliqinile lomnikazi, lapho ukunganeliseki kuvezwa khona ngokucacile, kuyisijeziso esanele ngokwaso.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuvakashela ezinkundleni zokuhamba nokubamba iqhaza emakilasini eqembu nomphathi wezinja kungaqala kuphela lapho umdlwane usuthole imithamo edingekayo yemigomo yokugoma futhi isikhathi esanele sesidlulile ukuze kusungulwe ukuzivikela ezifweni eziyingozi kusilwane esifuywayo. Kungcono ukuyobonana nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Izinja eziqeqeshwe kahle kakade ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ziyazi futhi zenza kalula imiyalo engaphezu kweshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa kokubili okujwayelekile kanye “nobuciko” njengokuphenduka okulandelanayo, “Okwesihlanu okuphezulu!” noma iminsalo. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi abadlali basekisi ababonakalayo bathanda ukunakwa futhi balungele ukwenza imizamo eminingi yokwenza abanikazi babo bamamatheke.

Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa

Inketho ekahle yokugcina i-Dalmatian kungaba yindlu yangasese evulekile enendawo ebiyelwe ngokuvikelekile lapho engakwazi ukuhamba khona ngokukhululeka emini. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba abameleli balolu hlobo bahlale njalo e-aviary ezimweni zethu zezulu - izinwele ezimfushane azivikeli emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Uma ungumnikazi wefulethi ledolobha, ukuhamba ngezinyawo okude kuyisidingo sokuphila ngokuthula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona nje ubude besikhathi esibalulekile (okungenani ihora ngosuku), kodwa futhi nokugcwala ngemithwalo. Kungcono uma inja yakho ibambekile ukuze ikuphelezele lapho ugijima noma ugibele ibhayisikili – ukuhamba ngesivinini esisheshayo kuzoshisa amandla anele ukuze ungabi nenhlanhla lapho ubuya. Okunye kungaba ukuvivinya umzimba enkambweni yezithiyo, vele ulinganise kahle isimo somzimba wenja nokuphakama kwezithiyo.

Ama-Dalmatians awadingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuyisicefe. "Ijazi labo loboya" aliwi futhi alidingi ukugunda izinwele noma ukugeza njalo, noma kunjalo, ukubola kwenzeka kakhulu futhi cishe ngokuqhubekayo, futhi kuba namandla ikakhulukazi emngceleni wezinkathi ezifudumele nezibandayo. Ukuze unciphise isembozo soboya endlini, kunconywa ukuba uhlanganise isilwane kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka (okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto) ngebhulashi noma i-mitten ekhethekile.

Uma kungenjalo, izinqubo ezijwayelekile zanele: qapha isimo sezindlebe namehlo, ubude bezinzipho, xubha njalo amazinyo akho nge-veterinary paste. Ukudla okunomsoco kufanele kube okulinganiselayo futhi okunempilo. Indlela elula yokufeza lokhu ngosizo lokuphakelayo osekulungele ukwenziwa kwe-premium kanye ne-super-premium. Khumbula ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile okuhlangene nokusebenza okuphansi komzimba kugcwele ukukhuluphala.

Impilo kanye nesifo seDalmatian

Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabantu baseDalmatians yiminyaka eyi-10-13.

Inkinga enkulu yohlobo ukungezwa. Izinkinga zokuzwa ezinobunzima obuhlukahlukene zenzeka cishe engxenyeni yesithathu yezinja. I-12% yabantu baseDalmatians bazalwa beyizithulu ngokuphelele. Isixazululo esisebenzayo asikatholakali. Nakuba kuvunyelwe ukufuywa kuphela izilwane eziphile kahle, zinemidlwane egulayo. Laba bakamuva, nokho, baphila impilo egcwele njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kushiyeka kungabonakala emasontweni okuqala ngosizo lokuhlolwa kwesimanje.

Ngenxa yemvelo ye-metabolic yama-Dalmatians, amatshe esinyeni avamile. Baphinde bajwayele ukungezwani nesikhumba kanye ne-hip dysplasia. Isithuthwane, izifo zesibindi ezizimele, i-osteochondrosis yejoint ehlombe, i-osteomyelitis, i-dilated cardiomyopathy, i-hypothyroidism, ukukhubazeka kwe-larynx nezinye izifo ezingaqondile zibhalwa kancane.

Njengoba izifo eziningi ziyifa noma zizalwa ngokwemvelo, ukubukeka kwazo kungabikezelwa ngokusekelwe kuhlu lozalo. Abalimi abanomthwalo wemfanelo bahlale behlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi mayelana nempilo yabazali, kanye "nogogo nomkhulu" kanye "nogogo nomkhulu".

Indlela yokukhetha umdlwane

Isihluthulelo sokuzuza ngempumelelo ukukhetha okunokulinganisela nokucatshangelwe ngokucophelela komfuyi. Amakati kuphela anegama elihle angaqinisekisa ukuthi ilungu elisha lomndeni wakho lizoba nempilo enhle ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Njengoba imidlwane yaseDalmatian inikezwa abanikazi baphakade ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-10-12, banesikhathi sokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo futhi babonise izici zabo.

Umfuyi omuhle ngeke akubuze imibuzo engaphansi kwalokho ombuza yona, ngoba kuye yonke ingane enemilenze emine ayiyona into ephilayo, kodwa umuntu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uzohlala kuphi umndeni, yiziphi izimo.

Futhi wena, unelungelo eligcwele lokwazi abazali futhi ufunde imibhalo yabo, umbono kadokotela wezilwane ngempilo yomdlwane kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-BAER (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response) - ukuhlolwa kokuzwa kwe-electrodiagnostic.

Kubalulekile ukubona izimo lapho kugcinwa khona umama nezinsana, ufunde mayelana nokudla okunomsoco futhi ukhulume nomuntu siqu nomdlwane owuthandayo ukuze uhlole ikhono lakhe lokuxhumana nomuntu futhi uphendule ngokwanele ezweni langaphandle.

Isithombe semidlwane yase-Dalmatian

Ibiza malini umdlwane we-dalmatian

Kumawebhusayithi ezikhangiso eziyimfihlo zomuntu osemusha waseDalmatian “ngaphandle kwamadokhumenti” acela kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200$. Kodwa kufanele uqonde ukuthi kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi bobabili abazali babengabameleli bohlobo oluthandayo ngempela. Futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, azikho iziqinisekiso zokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isilwane ngeke sibonise ama-pathologies athile asongela ukuphila. noma kuthinte kakhulu izinga layo.

Intengo yama-Dalmatians ezindlini ziyahlukahluka ezifundeni ezihlukene futhi ishintshashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ngokuya ngokuthi umdlwane othile ukusiphi isigaba. Ngokuya ngezici zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhambisana nezinga lokuzalanisa, imidlwane evela kulayini ofanayo nemibhalo ye-FCI kanye namaphasipoti odokotela wezilwane izobiza kusukela ku-600 kuya ku-900 $. Futhi lapha kukuwe ukuthi unqume ukuthi ukuhlanganyela emibukisweni kuhlelwa ngethemba lokunqoba okuphakeme, noma kwanele ukuthi umngane ozinikele nononya uvele endlini yakho.