Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-hamsters: ukubukeka nezinye izici

Ama-hamster atholakala emhlabeni wonke. Zivamile eMelika, eYurophu, kwezinye izifunda zase-Afrika nase-Asia. Amagundane akhetha ama-steppe amahlathi kanye nama-steppe. Zingatholakala nasezingwadule nasezintabeni, ubude bazo obungamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-2,5 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Izinhlobo ze-hamster

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zama-hamster, ezihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-240.

I-hamster evamile

Ukuphakama kwalesi silwane kungu-25-30 cm. Inombala ogqamile. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ibomvu, ingxenye engezansi imnyama, futhi amabala amhlophe angu-3 ayabonakala ezinhlangothini nasesifubeni. Izidladla ze-hamster zimhlophe. Ngokwemvelo, cishe abantu abamnyama ngokuphelele bangatholakala.

Lolu hlobo lwe-hamster luhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeYurophu, kanye nasenyakatho yeKazakhstan naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia.

Isilwane sithanda ukuqina kukho konke. Ngakho-ke, udala imigodi eyinkimbinkimbi enama-pantries amaningana. Ibanga phakathi kwephaseji elikhulu kanye namakamelo okuzalela lingafinyelela ku-2,5 m. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, yonke imigqomo igcwele okusanhlamvu, ummbila, izaqathe, amazambane neminye imikhiqizo. Isisindo esiphelele sesitoko singaba ngu-15-20 kg. Ehlobo, izilwane zidla utshani, imbewu nezimpande. Izinambuzane ngisho nezilwane ezincane, kuhlanganise namagundane, zingatholakala ekudleni.

Uma impisi noma esinye isitha sivimba indlela eya emgodini, i-hamster ingagxumela kuyo futhi ilume kanzima.

Kunamawundlu ayi-10 ebhuqeni elilodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi le nombolo ifinyelela amakhophi angu-15-20.

I-hamster evamile ibhekwa njengenkathazo, futhi isikhumba sayo sisetshenziswa njengoboya obushibhile.

Isilwane esinjalo sihlala ePrimorye, kanye nezinye izingxenye zaseKorea naseChina. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufinyelela ku-20-25 cm. Uvolo unawo umbala ompunga-nsundu, elikhanya libheke phansi. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa lolu hlobo lwama-hamster kwamanye amagundane ngomsila wabo ophuzi, kanye nezindlebe ezinkulu nezidladla ezimhlophe.

Izinhlamvu ezinkulu zembewu zethulwa ezinqolobaneni zezilwane. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abalimi baseShayina bavame ukubheka lawa ma-pantries ukuze bagcwalise izitoko zabo.

Insikazi idla ama-broods angu-2-3 ngesizini ngayinye. Inani lamawundlu kulelo nalelo lisuka kubantu abayi-10 kuye kwangama-20.

i-hamster empunga

Lesi silwane siyaphila engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kanye naseCaucasus nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Njengomthetho, ungahlangana nohlobo ezindaweni zokusanhlamvu nezintaba, kanye nasemhlabeni wezolimo.

Lesi silwane esincane sinobude bomzimba obuyi-10-13 cm. Inezindlebe ezincane, umlomo obukhali, noboya obufushane. Ijazi linombala ompunga obhemayo noma obomvu-oyisihlabathi.

Ukudla kwe-hamster empunga kusekelwe ezitshalweni zasendle nezilinyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zidla ama-mollusc asemhlabeni, izinkumbi, izibungu zezinambuzane nezintuthwane. Ukukhiqiza kuqala ngo-Ephreli futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Ngesizini eyodwa, insikazi idla ama-broods angaba ngu-3, ​​ahlanganisa amawundlu angu-5-10.

I-hamster ka-Eversmann

I-hamster enjalo itholakala kude ne-Volga ephakathi nendawo esenyakatho ye-Aral Sea, lapho ingatholakala khona ezindaweni ezikhotha usawoti, amasimu okusanhlamvu kanye nomhlaba wezolimo.

Incazelo yesilwane:

• umsila omncane;
• izidladla ezimfushane;
• izindlebe ezincane;
• ama-tubercles abonakalayo edijithali;
• umsila obanzi ohlangene;
• umbala wejazi uyahlukahluka kusuka kumlotha-isihlabathi kuya kumnyama nokumhlophe;
• uboya bufushane futhi bucwebezela uma uthintwa.

Igundane lidla ngokuyinhloko amahlumela, imbewu, nezinambuzane. Izimbobo ze-hamster ka-Eversmann zilula kakhulu. Eqinisweni, leli yisango elikhulu lokungena kanye namagumbi amaningana esidleke afanayo. Kunamawundlu angama-4-5 kudoti ngamunye.

I-hamster yaseDjungarian

Lesi yisilwane esifundwe kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, itholakala eNtshonalanga yeSiberia, enkabeni ye-Asia naseKazakhstan. Ingatholakala emaqeleni okusanhlamvu nasemasimini alinyiwe. Abantu abadala bafinyelela ku-10 cm ubude.

ukubukeka:

• umlomo okhonjiwe;
• izindlebe ezincane;
• uboya obuminyene ematheni ezidladla;
• ocher noma brown-grey emuva;
• isisu esilula;
• umugqa omnyama omncane onqenqemeni;
• izidladla ezimhlophe.

Umbala we-hamster ye-Djungarian ungahluka kuye ngesizini. Ngakho, ehlobo igundane linombala ompunga, kanti ebusika licishe libe mhlophe libe nombala osiliva.

Ukudla kusekelwe embewu, izinambuzane kanye namahlumela ezitshalo. Insikazi idla inzalo izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesizini, izala amawundlu ayi-6-12. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuzala ngokushesha ezinyangeni ezi-4.

Ama-hamster e-Djungarian ngokuvamile asebenza njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kunjalo cishe akunalo iphunga kuncike ekuhlanzweni kwamasonto onke kwekheji kanye nokusetshenziswa kongqimba lwe-sawdust 3 cm ukuphakama. Ama-hamster anjalo awalumi. Basebenza kakhulu futhi banomdlandla. Ukuzalanisa, amagundane agcinwa ngamabili. Ubude besikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka emi-3.

I-hamster yaseRoborovsky

Isilwane esinjalo sihlala ogwadule olunesihlabathi. Idla imbewu yama-tulips, ama-beet, kanye nokusanhlamvu. Izinambuzane azivamile ekudleni.

Lolu hlobo lwe-hamster umlomo onamakhala, izindlebe ezinkulu eziyindilinga, amathe emilenze aphuzi, umhlane obomvana-ophuzi, i-peritoneum emhlophe.

Ama-hamster asebenza kakhulu ngemva kokuhwalala. Bamba imigodi engashoni eziphasejini ezimbalwa nasekamelweni lokuzalela. Kukhona cishe amawundlu angama-5-9 kudoti ngamunye.

I-hamster yaseRoborovsky ivame ukukhuliswa ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukulungisa ikheji lensimbi kanye nongqimba lwesihlabathi esingu-2-3 cm. Kudingeka futhi ubeke amatshe ambalwa, ubulembu, amahlumela amancane, ibhokisi lenzalo nezinye izilwane.

Ifanele ukuphakelwa ekhaya imbewu yezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Ungakwazi futhi ukunikeza amaqabunga e-dandelion, isinkwa esifakwe ubisi, izikelemu kanye ne-oatmeal. Ngaphambi kokuzalanisa, udinga ukwengeza amaprotheni amaningi ekudleni.

i-hamster yegolide

Lesi isilwane esincane esifana ne-hamster evamile. Umehluko omkhulu isimo sokuthobeka nokungabi nangozi. Amagundane angazala ngokushesha ezinyangeni eziyi-1,5. Ngenxa yaleli zinga, zivame ukusetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri.

Isilwane sihamba kakhulu futhi siyasebenza. Ugxisha ukudla ezihlathini ngendlela ehlekisayo futhi angalumi uma umcosha. Ungavumela i-hamster enjalo ukuba ihambe efulethini kuphela lapho isijwayele abanikazi.

Ipheya elilodwa lizodinga ikheji enobukhulu obungama-40x30x30 cm. Lapho udinga ukubeka indlu encane yokhuni bese ubeka utshani noma utshani.

Ama-hamster egolide adinga ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa ingxube ye-oats, iflakisi, ummbila namabele. Futhi ekudleni kufanele kumelelwe izimila ezintsha, okungukuthi izaqathe, i-tradescantia ne-ulethisi. Ubisi kanye nenani elincane lamanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa ukuphuza.

Ama-hamster azalela emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-22-24º C. Aletha izingane zonyaka. Lamagundane awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi abazali abanakekelayo. Ngenhlanhla, amawundlu ngokwawo ayakwazi ukuqina. Bakhula ngokushesha futhi kakade ngosuku lwe-10 bayakwazi ukudla ukudla okufanayo nabantu abadala. Izingane akufanele zithathwe, ngaphandle kwalokho insikazi izobhubhisa ama-brood.

I-hamster encane kaTaylor

Lawa amagundane amancane kakhulu ahlala eZweni Elisha. Ubude bazo bu hhayi ngaphezu kuka-5-8 cm, nesisindo - 7-8 g. Ama-hamster anjalo angatholakala e-Arizona, e-Southern Mexico, nase-Central America. Amagundane ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile otshanini obude obuminyene. Zihlela izidleke zazo ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma eduze kwamatshe.

Isisekelo sokudla yizimbewu, utshani nezinye izinambuzane. Ukuzalaniswa kwamagundane kubonakala unyaka wonke. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20, emva kwalokho amawundlu angama-3-5 azalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona ama-broods angaba ngu-10 noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka. Amaduna ahlala nezinsikazi futhi anakekele amaphuphu.

Ama-hamster amancane angakhuliswa ekhaya. Azilumi futhi ziyashesha ukujwayela umnikazi.

Ezinye izinhlobo

• I-hamster yaseCiscaucasian ihlala eCiscaucasia, kanye naseNyakatho yeCaucasus. Ingatholakala ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni eziphakeme ze-alpine. Ubude bomzimba buyi-20-25 cm, nomsila 1 cm. Ijazi linombala obomvu, kuyilapho kunemigqa emibili emincane emnyama emaceleni.
• I-hamster yaseTranscaucasia ihlala emagqumeni aseDagestan. Ihlala emagqumeni athambile nasemasimini. Inesifuba esimnyama, isisu esimpunga, izidladla ezimhlophe kanye nekhala.
• I-hamster yaseDahurian etholakala eRussia. Inoboya obubomvu noma obunsundu. Kusukela esiphongweni, umugqa omnyama unwebeka kuwo wonke umhlane. I-rodent ingatholakala emaphethelweni, eduze nezihlahla, emaphethelweni amasimu kanye nasezintabeni eziyisihlabathi. Isisekelo sokudla yizimbewu nezinambuzane. Ebusika, isilwane silala izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• I-hamster yaseTrans-Baikal itholakala ezigodini zemifula eziminyene. Angakwazi futhi ukuhlala ezindlini. Ubude bomzimba wayo buyi-10 cm, nomsila 2 cm.
• I-hamster enomsila omude ihlala eTransbaikalia, kanye nasezintabeni zezintaba zaseSayan. Ubude balesi silwane esimpunga okumnyama noma esibomvu cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ingxenye engenhla yomsila inomthunzi omnyama, futhi ingxenye engezansi ilula. Igundane lidla ama-alimondi asendle, okusanhlamvu nezinye izinambuzane.
• i-hamster enemilenze emhlophe ngaphandle kufana negundane lensimu noma lehlathi. Ubude bomzimba wegundane buyi-9-16 cm. Isisindo sabantu abadala singama-20-60 g. Izilwane ezinjalo zingadla amantongomane namajikijolo, imbewu yesihlahla namakhowe. Ama-Hamsters ahlala ngababili unomphela, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuvela kwamawundlu, iduna aliyishiyi insikazi yalo. Emvelweni, amagundane aphila iminyaka emi-2. Iminyaka yabo yokuphila efulethini ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5-6.
• I-hamster yaseMongolia ihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezihlabathi zaseTuva. Unejazi elilula kakhulu, futhi awekho amabala amnyama esifubeni sakhe. Igundane lidla izinambuzane, imifino, izimpande kanye nembewu. Ebusika, ulala ebusika ngezikhathi ezithile.
• I-hamster altiplano uhlala emathafeni. Kubukeka njenge-gerbil. Uboya bayo bunombala onsundu ngokuphuzi. Isisekelo sokudla yizinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.

Ama-hamster yiwona amagundane avame ukuwagcina njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Lezi zilwane zinhle kakhulu, azithobekile futhi zinobungane. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokukhetha lesi silwane, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lwaso, ngoba akuwona wonke ama-hamster ahlala efulethini.