Imikhuhlane emakati: izimpawu, kanjani futhi kanjani ukwelashwa

Ingabe ikati lingangenwa umkhuhlane nhlobo?

Umkhuhlane uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizimpawu ezihambisana nokuvuvukala okunamandla endaweni yokuphefumula ephezulu, okungukuthi, ikhala, umphimbo kanye ne-larynx. Empeleni, umkhuhlane awusona isifo, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi kunesizathu esithile esiholela kuwo. Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela kuyoba ukuphefumula kwebhaktheriya noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane.

Abanikazi bangaletha kalula ukutheleleka ekhaya besuka emgwaqweni begqoke izingubo nezicathulo.

Ukutheleleka kwekati kuzokwenzeka kuye ngamandla okuzivikela kwawo. Okuthinteka kakhulu yilesi sifo amakati amancane kakhulu, amakati amadala, izilwane ezinezimo ezimbi zokuphila, amakati ane-immunodeficiency kanye nezinye izifo ezingapheli (isibonelo, isifo sikashukela, i-oncology).

Izimbangela zomkhuhlane

I-herpesvirus yesilwane. I-Herpesvirus, njengembangela yomkhuhlane, ivame kakhulu emakati. Kunocwaningo olukhombisa ukuthi leli gciwane lingatholwa kumakati anempilo enempilo engama-39%, kanti kumakati leli zinga liphakeme kakhulu. Lapho kukhona izimpawu ezinzima zokuvuvukala kwepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula, i-herpesvirus ingatholwa ngisho namacala angama-90-100%.

Ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngokuphuma kwamakati agulayo. Ngokuvamile, ekuqaleni kokutheleleka, inkambo yokutheleleka izobe ingabonakali, okungukuthi, ikati alibonisi izikhalazo. Kodwa ngokucindezeleka okukhulu, ngokuncipha kokuzivikela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, inkambo ingangena esigabeni esibi ezinsukwini ezingu-4-12. Ekupheleni kwesigaba esibucayi, igciwane lihlala efomini elicashile (elifihliwe) emzimbeni iminyaka.

I-Calicivirus yezilwane. I-Calicivirus igciwane lesibili elivame kakhulu elithinta umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu. Ingatholwa ku-10-50% wamakati anezimpawu zomtholampilo ezifanele.

Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuvela ngokuthintana noma amaconsi emoyeni, kodwa kukhona nocwaningo oluqinisekise ukuthi kungenzeka ukudluliselwa kokutheleleka ngamazeze. Amakati avame ukudla amazeze ngesikhathi ezilungisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela atheleleke. Inkambo yalesi sifo ivame ukuba yi-acute, kuma-kittens amancane angase abe ne-hyperacute. Kukhona futhi izimo ze-calicivirus engapheli, kodwa lesi simo asivamile, kunzima ukuselapha futhi sinesimo sokubikezela ngokuqapha.

I-Mycoplasmosis. I-Mycoplasma igciwane elincane kunawo wonke, elinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-120. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-mycoplasmas zitholakala ezilwaneni eziningi ngokujwayelekile futhi azibangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu zomtholampilo kuzo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ngokuvamile ngokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba, i-mycoplasma ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangaphakathi ezihlukahlukene. I-Mycoplasma felis ivame ukubangela ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo komkhuhlane ovamile emakati, othinta kakhulu ulwelwesi lwamafinyila weso.

chlamydia. I-Chlamydia iyi-bacterium ye-intracellular evame ukuthinta i-conjunctiva yamakati. Ngokungafani nama-mycoplasmas, cishe awasoze avela kumakati anempilo emtholampilo. I-agent eyinhloko ebangela izifo uhlobo lwe-Chlamydophila felis. Inkambo yalesi sifo ingaba kokubili ebukhali futhi engapheli. Ukudluliselwa kwaleli gciwane kwenziwa ngokuthintana ngokuyimfihlo ethelelekile, izinto zokunakekela kanye namaconsi ahamba emoyeni ebangeni elifushane.

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane emakati

Ukuvuvukala kwepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu emakati kungazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu uhlanganisa ikhala, i-larynx kanye ne-pharynx. Kodwa-ke, izilonda ngezinye izikhathi nazo zithinta umlomo, amehlo, kanye noqhoqhoqho. Izimpawu ezivamile ezibandayo emakati zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhishwa ekhaleni lanoma iyiphi imvelo (amanzi, amafinyila, i-purulent).

• Ukuthimula njalo, ukukhwehlela okungavamile.

• Ukukhishwa okunamandla emehlweni, okufana ne-purulent (ukukhishwa okuncane okucacile ngeke kube uphawu lokutheleleka).

• Ukushisa komzimba okwandayo (kusuka ku-39,5 degrees).

Ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa okuyinhloko komkhuhlane, amakati ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-malaise evamile, ukunganaki, ukozela, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, noma ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla. Kukhona futhi izici zomtholampilo ezihlukile ezisebenza kumenzeli othelelanayo ngamunye.

• i-herpesvirus

  I-Herpesvirus ibonakala ngokuthimula njalo, ukuphuma okugcwele emehlweni nasemakhaleni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-conjunctivitis ne-keratitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea), kuhlanganise ne-ulcerative. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izilonda zezilonda emlonyeni noma emlonyeni zenzeka, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo nasemakhaleni.

• I-Calicivirus

  Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo se-calicivirus ukuthuthukiswa kwezilonda zezilonda emlonyeni womlomo, ikakhulukazi olimini nasezinsini. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isibuko samakhala siphinde sihileleke kule nqubo, kungenzeka ukwakha isilonda esijulile esijulile endaweni yekhala. Futhi, nge-calicivirus, ukuxhwala kuyabonakala ngezikhathi ezithile kuwo wonke noma kwezinye izitho.

• I-Mycoplasmosis

  Izimpawu zivame ukuba mnene. Ngokuvamile i-mycoplasmosis ibonakaliswa yi-conjunctivitis emaceleni amabili noma amabili, ukubomvu kweso kanye nejwabu leso lesithathu. Ekuqaleni, ukukhishwa kungase kube obala, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesifo baba mucopurulent.

• chlamydia

  Izilonda zamehlo zizobonakala kakhulu kune-mycoplasmosis. Womabili amehlo ngokuvamile ayathinteka. Kukhona ukubomvu okunamandla kwe-conjunctiva, ukukhishwa kwe-purulent okukhulu, ngokuvamile amakati ahlabayo futhi awakwazi ukuvula ngokugcwele amehlo awo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, amehlo ambozwa ama-brown crusts.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngokwezimpawu zokubonakaliswa komtholampilo. Ukuxilongwa kungaqinisekiswa ngokwenza ucwaningo lwe-PCR lwama-swabs avela ku-conjunctiva, i-nasal cavity kanye ne-pharynx.

Ukutholwa kwe-calicivirus ne-chlamydia ngokuvamile akunzima, futhi umphumela omuhle uzobonisa ngokunembile ubukhona besifo. Kunzima ukuqinisekisa i-herpesvirus, ngokuvamile umphumela omubi wamanga ufika ekuhlolweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane le-herpes ngesikhathi sokusampula lingase libe ku-trigeminal nerve futhi limane nje lingangeni ku-probe eyayisetshenziselwa ukuthatha ama-swabs.

Ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthola i-mycoplasmosis kuma-swabs, kodwa kuwumsebenzi onzima ukuhumusha umphumela - ukuthi i-mycoplasmosis empeleni yayiyimbangela yesifo noma kukhona enye inkinga.

Kanjani futhi kanjani ukwelapha umkhuhlane emakati?

Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukwelashwa okuzosiza nakanjani, udinga ukuvakashela udokotela wezilwane futhi uphumelele zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuxilongwa. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhaktheriya namagciwane kungahluka ngokuphawulekayo kokubili ekukhethweni kwezidakamizwa nasekuziphatheni kwazo.

Ama-antibiotics kanye nezidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane ngokuvamile zinqunywa. Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, okungukuthi, lapho ikati lisebenza, lidla kahle, alikhwehleli, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa nge-symptomatically.

Yini ukunikeza ikati umkhuhlane?

Uma ikati linomkhuhlane, inokukhishwa kwekhala, ungaqala ukugeza ngezixazululo ze-saline ngokwakho. Kokubili usawoti ojwayelekile kanye namalungiselelo enziwe ngomumo avela ekhemisi (isibonelo, i-Aquamaris) afanelekile. Izixazululo zikasawoti ekugxilweni okufanele "zikhiphe" i-snot. Uma kune-snot eningi, ikati alikwazi ukuphefumula ngomlomo walo uvaliwe, ungasebenzisa futhi amaconsi e-vasoconstrictor esifundweni esifushane (isibonelo, umntwana we-Nazivin).

Ukuze unciphise izimpawu zomkhuhlane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-nebulizer kunomphumela omuhle.

Kwanele ukuthulula i-sodium chloride evamile esitsheni esiwuketshezi futhi uvumele ikati liphefumule imaski. Ngokuphuma emehlweni, ungasebenzisa i-lotion ehlanzekile evela ekhemisi yezilwane (I-Dewdrop, Diamond Eyes).

Akunconywa ukuba unikeze ngokuzimela ama-antibacterial agents, imithi elwa namagciwane kanye nokukhwehlela kwesilwane esifuywayo, ngenxa yokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lemiphumela emibi. Le mithi kufanele inikezwe udokotela.

Pet Care

Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinomkhuhlane ngokuvamile azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kunconywa ukunciphisa noma ukukhipha ukuhamba emgwaqweni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Eminye imithombo incoma ukushisisa kabusha ukudla, kodwa lesi seluleko asikaze samukelwe kabanzi.

Uma kukhona amanye amakati ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukuwagcina ehlukene nesilwane esigulayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka. Kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela oya khona, ngokuvamile ukwelashwa akunikezi ubunzima obukhulu.

kubanda emazinyaneni

Ngokwezibalo, amakati amancane anomkhuhlane avakashela umtholampilo kaningi kunezilwane ezindala. Lokhu kubangelwa ukungatheleleki kwabo okungakashintshi kanye nokuba sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo. Izimpawu zomtholampilo ngokuvamile azihlukani nalezo ezisezilwaneni ezindala.

Nge-herpesvirus, ama-kittens avame ukuthuthukisa i-ulcerative keratitis, ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqalwe ngesikhathi, ngisho nokususwa kweso elithintekile kungenzeka.

I-Calicivirus ingaqhubeka ngokushesha futhi kanzima nakakhulu, izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme kakhulu (kusuka ku-41 degrees) nokwenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla ngenxa yezilonda ezibanzi kungenzeka. Izilwane ezinjalo kufanele zelashwe esibhedlela kuphela.

Prevention

Isisekelo sokuvimbela ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi. Amazinyane angagonywa kusukela eneminyaka eyi-8. Ukugoma okuyisisekelo kuhlanganisa izifo ezifana ne-herpesvirus kanye ne-calicivirus. Ukwengeza, i-chlamydia ivame ukufakwa emgomeni. Ukugoma akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugwema lesi sifo ngokuphelele, kodwa kunganciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo.

Uma usuvele unamakati ekhaya futhi uhlela ukuletha ikati entsha ekhaya, kunconywa ngokuqinile ukuthi ungawavumeli ukuthi axhumane namaviki amabili okuqala. Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwamakati amadala zenzeka lapho isilwane esisha silethwa ekhaya ngaphandle kokuvalelwa. Izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene - ama-immunomodulators kanye ne-sera - ngeshwa azibonisi ukusebenza kwazo futhi eminyakeni yamuva azizange zibekwe odokotela bezilwane ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezithathelwanayo.

Uma ikati libanjwe umkhuhlane: into esemqoka

1. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomkhuhlane emakati zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwamehlo nasemakhaleni, nokuthimula.

2. Inhlalakahle evamile ingahlala ngaphandle kwezinguquko, noma ukukhathala, ukunganaki, ukwenqaba ukudla kungabonwa.

3. Ukwelashwa kwemikhuhlane emakati kuhlanganisa imithi eyizimpawu ezimweni ezithambile noma ama-antibiotics, nokuqapha esibhedlela ezimweni ezinzima.

4. Isisekelo sokuvimbela ukugoma okuphelele okufika ngesikhathi.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Imithombo:

1. Gaskell R., Bennett M. Handbook of Infectious Diseases of Dogs and Cats. / nge. s English Mahiyanova EB – 2nd ed., ex. – M.: Aquarium Print, 2009. – 200 p.

2. Ramsey Ya. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinja namakati. Isiqondiso esiwusizo. /Umhl. Yebo. Ramsey, B. Tennant - M.: Aquarium Print, 2015. - 304 p.

23 May 2022

Kubuyekezwe: 26 May 2022