I-Alopecia ezinjeni

Iyini i-alopecia? I-Alopecia ukulahlekelwa izinwele ze-pathological. Kukhona okugxilwe kukho futhi okuhlukanisayo, okuningi nokukodwa, ukuvuvukala nokungavuvukali, ukulinganisa futhi cha. Le nkinga ivame kakhulu ezinjeni. Mayelana nemvamisa yokwenzeka ku-dermatology, ibeka isibili ngemuva kokulunywa, nakuba ingahlanganiswa nayo.

Izimpawu ze-alopecia

Umnikazi angabona indawo engenaboya esikhumbeni sesilwane esifuywayo. I-alopecia engavuvukalanga ibonakala kuphela ngokungabikho kokubili kwezinwele zokuqapha kanye ne-undercoat. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhumba kule ndawo sibukeka sinempilo. Nge-alopecia yokuvuvukala, ukulunywa kuvame ukuba khona, ikhodi ibomvu, ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kungabonwa: ama-crusts, ukuguguleka, izilonda, ama-papules nama-pustules. Uma ukubukeka kwe-alopecia kuhlotshaniswa nesifo sesistimu, khona-ke izimpawu ezengeziwe zingase zibe khona, isibonelo, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ze-alopecia

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlukaniswa kwe-alopecia ezinjeni:

• ngemvelaphi (ukuvuvukala nokungavuvukali);
• ngokwenza kwasendaweni (i-multifocal, i-symmetrically bilateral, yendawo);
• ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa (ukuzalwa nokutholwa).

Ubunzima bokusungula uhlobo lwe-alopecia buvela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesistimu yokuhlukanisa okuhlanganisiwe, ubuningi bezimbangela nezimpawu zesifo.

Izimbangela zokubukeka 

Zonke izinhlobo zezimbangela ze-alopecia zingancishiswa zibe ngamaqembu amabili. I-Alopecia ivela ngesisekelo sezizathu ezilandelayo:

• amahomoni;
• non-hormonal.

Lawa maqembu anezici zawo zesici - ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hormonal, ukwakheka kwe-foci etholakala ngokulinganayo kuyaphawulwa. Ngemvelo engeyona ye-hormonal ye-alopecia, i-foci itholakala ngokungahleliwe. Ukungezwani komzimba nokwethulwa kwezidakamizwa noma endaweni yokwethulwa kwe-ejenti esithathelwanayo kuzibonakalisa ngendlela yokugxila okukodwa. Izimbangela ezingezona ze-hormonal zokulahlekelwa izinwele ezinjeni zihlanganisa:

• ukungezwani komzimba (ukudla, izidakamizwa, i-hay fever, ukuthintana, ukulunywa kwezimuncagazi ezimunca igazi);
• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye fungal;
• izifo ze-parasite;
• ukuvuvukala kwezindlala zesikhumba;
• ukuchithwa kwesikhumba (vitiligo);
• ukuntuleka kwe-zinc.

Izinhlobo nezimbangela ze-alopecia

Kunezinhlobo eziningi nezimbangela ze-alopecia. Cabangela kokubili izimbangela ezivame kakhulu nezingavamile. Kukhona nenani le-alopecia elingavumelekile noma elingadingi ukwelashwa.

• Izimuncagazi. Isizathu esivamile se-alopecia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigebengu zingaba hhayi kuphela amazeze kanye nezibungu ze-demodectic, ezibangela ukulunywa nokuzikhukhumeza (self-combed) i-alopecia, kodwa nezinye izinambuzane: izimpukane, ama-midges, omiyane.

• I-atopic dermatitis. Ngenxa yokulunywa, inja ithola i-alopecia, ngokuvamile i-asymmetric kanye nokuvuvukala. Izimpawu zomtholampilo ziyizilonda (ekuqaleni kwesifo yi-erythema, kamuva, njengomthetho, izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesibili kanye nezimpawu zokuvuvukala okungapheli ziyongezwa - i-lichenification kanye ne-hyperpigmentation) etholakala emlonyeni (ezungeze amehlo, phezu kwesikhumba). izindebe), ku-groin nasemakhwapheni, eduze kwe-anus , kanye nasezikhaleni ze-interdigital kanye nomsele wokuzwa. Futhi-ke ukulunywa.

• I-dermatophytosis. I-Dermatophytosis ukutheleleka kwesikhumba, izinwele, nezinzipho okubangelwa isikhunta sohlobo lweMicrosporum, Trichophiton, noma i-Epidermophyton. Izimpawu zakudala zihlanganisa amabala e-alopecia kanye nokukala, ngokuvamile ebusweni, ekhanda nasezinyaweni. Ukulunywa nokuvuvukala kuvamise ukuba kuncane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amafomu e-pruritic, pustular, ne-crusty angase alingise ukungezwani komzimba, i-parasitosis, i-miliary dermatitis, i-pyoderma, noma i-pemphigus foliaceus.

• I-Alopecia X. X (X) - njengoba imbangela yangempela yentuthuko ayikaziwa. Ivame ukuvela ezinjeni ezifana ne-spitz. I-Alopecia ayinakuvuvukala emvelweni. Ukuqothuka kwezinwele kuvame kakhulu emsileni nasesiswini.

• I-Alopecia ngemuva kokugunda izinwele. Ikhula ezinjeni ngemva kokugunda umshini. Izizathu azicacile ngokuphelele. I-Alopecia ayivuvukali. Ingase ibe nokwakheka okungavamile, inani elihlukile. Uvolo uqala ukuzikhulela wodwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3-6.

• Ukucindezeleka kwe-alopecia. Yakhiwe endaweni yokungezwani ngokweqile koboya. Kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokwakheka kwama-tangles. Kuyenzeka futhi ezinjeni ezibophe imisila yazo yamahhashi kanye nemisila yengulube iqine kakhulu emakhanda azo, njenge-Yorkshire Terriers ne-Maltese. Ngenqubo ethatha isikhathi eside, izinwele zingase zingakhuli.

• I-Alopecia cyclic lateral. Ivame ukubonakala ngezikhathi zonyaka, ivela ngasekupheleni kwekwindla futhi ikhulise uboya eduze kwasehlobo. Ukunqotshwa kubukeka njengemephu yendawo. Ukwelashwa akudingeki.

• I-alopecia ehlanjululwe. I-Autoimmune pathology engadingi ukwelashwa. Ivame ukukhula ezinjeni ezinemithunzi eminingana ethile yoboya - i-lilac, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

• Iphethini ye-Alopecia. I-alopecia engavuvukalanga. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokuxebuka kancane kwesikhumba. Amathoyizi, ama-dachshunds, ama-Greyhound ase-Italy, amaWhippets, ama-Boston Terriers yiwo asengozini enkulu. Izindawo ze-hypotrichosis kanye ne-alopecia zivela kakade zisencane futhi zingase zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokulinganisa kwezilonda ezilinganiselwe ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-syndromes eziyinhloko ku-alopecia yephethini: i-pinna alopecia, i-ventral alopecia, ne-caudal thigh alopecia. Ukwelashwa akudingeki.

• I-Follicular dysplasia yezinwele. Kuyisifo esingavamile, esikhula sekwephuzile lapho ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-follicles kuholela kukho kokubili ukulahlekelwa izinwele ezigxile kanye nokuphazamiseka okuvamile kwesakhiwo sezinwele. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-follicular dysplasia. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ekwelapheni isikhumba ukuze kugcinwe ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba okujwayelekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-follicular evamile, kanye nokulawula ukutheleleka kwesibili. 

• I-alopecia endaweni yomjovo. Imvamisa ikhula ngokuphathwa okungaphansi kwesikhumba kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-progesterone, i-glucocorticosteroids noma umgomo wokugomela amarabi, kanye nokwethulwa kwama-antibiotic athile.

• I-Adenitis yezindlala ze-sebaceous. Ukuvuleka kwesikhumba okuncane kuya kokuqina. Ezinjeni ezinezinwele ezimfushane, izikali ngokuvamile zincane futhi azibambeli ngokuqinile esikhumbeni. Ezinjeni ezinezinwele ezinde, izikali zinamathele ngokuqinile ezinweleni, futhi ijazi lingase libe buthuntu, lome, noma lihlanganiswe; ngokuvamile kukhona ama-follicular cast. I-Islet (ezinhlotsheni ezinezinwele ezimfishane) noma i-diffuse (ezinhlotsheni ezinezinwele ezinde) i-alopecia ivame ukubonwa. Ivame kakhulu kuma-Poodles nama-Akitas, kodwa ingenzeka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.

• I-Hyperestrogenism. Ukwanda kwamahomoni ocansi wesifazane kwabesilisa kungaholela ku-alopecia noma i-hypotrichosis, ikakhulukazi esiswini kanye ne-groin. Kukhona futhi ukuwohloka kwe-prepuce, i-hyperplasia yezindlala ze-mammary.

• I-Hyperadrenocorticism. Nge-hyperfunction ye-adrenal glands, isisu sigxusha, i-muscle atrophy, kanye ne-symmetrical non-inflammatory alopecia kwenzeka.

• I-Hypothyroidism. Ukuncipha kwamahomoni egilo kuholela ekubonakaleni kwamabala empandla. I-Alopecia enesikhumba esijiyile, esinepigmented, futhi esibandayo (myxedema) kuwuphawu lwakudala. Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zesikhumba zifaka amajazi omile, ama-brittle, abuthuntu, i-seborrhea, ukukala, i-hyperpigmentation, nezifo zesibili. I-Alopecia ingase ikhawulelwe emsila kanye nebhuloho lekhala.

• I-dermatosis encike kuZinc ezinjeni. Isifo esingavamile ezinjeni esibangelwa ukushoda kwe-zinc ngokuphelele noma okuhlobene. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-syndromes zalesi sifo. I-Syndrome I ibonakala ekudleni okunokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-zinc. Emhlabeni womlomo, amehlo, ezihlathini nasezindlebeni, i-erythema, i-alopecia, ukwakheka kwama-scabs (ama-crusts), ukuxebuka kanye ne-suppuration kubonakala (ngokwengezwa kokutheleleka kwesibili). Ekuqaleni, izilonda zesikhumba zenzeka esifundeni sekhanda, kodwa izilonda zesikhumba zingenzeka ezindaweni zokucindezela - izindololwane, ama-hocks, kanye nendawo yangasese kanye ne-anus. Ijazi lingase libukeke lifiphele futhi lomile. Ngokuntula isikhathi eside kwe-zinc, ukuntula isisindo, ukuwohloka kokuphulukiswa kwesilonda, ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lweso kanye ne-cornea kungenzeka. 

Diagnostics

Njengoba usubonile kakade, kunezinkinga eziningi ezibonisa i-alopecia. Izinhlobo eziningi azidingi ukwelashwa. Nokho, ukuxilongwa kusadingeka, njengoba kungase kube nzima ukunquma uhlobo lwezilwane ngeso. Ukuze bathole izimbangela kanye nohlobo lwe-alopecia, basebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zocwaningo lwesikhumba, njengokukhuhlwa kwesikhumba, ukukhanya kwesibani sikaWood, i-trichoscopy yezinwele ezivela ezindaweni ezinempilo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cytological kanye ne-histological yesikhumba. Ukwengeza, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kokubili okujwayelekile kanye nokuthola izinguquko emazingeni e-hormone, i-ultrasound.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe imbangela. Ngokuya ngesizathu, kungenzeka ukuthi ubeke ukwelashwa kwe-ectoparasites, ukuqeda ukudla. Ukwelashwa kwama-hormone, uma kunesidingo. Ukwelapha i-x-alopecia, ukuthenwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ngamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa kakhulukazi, ngokuvamile kunikeza umphumela omuhle, kodwa kungaba okwesikhashana. Abanikazi abaningi banquma ukungalingi ukwelashwa, njengoba inkinga iyisici sezimonyo kuphela. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezinzima ze-alopecia kufanele ngempela kwenzeke ngokubamba iqhaza kukadokotela wezilwane. Amanye ama-pathologies athathelwanayo noma e-endocrine angaholela ngokushesha ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sesilwane esifuywayo, ngakho-ke ungathatheki ngokuzelapha.