Umhlahlandlela we-aquarist eqalayo

Ukukhetha ubukhulu be-aquarium

Ubukhulu be-aquarium buncike ezintweni eziningana. Okokuqala, ubukhulu bekamelo, kanye nesethi yezinhlanzi oyifunayo, inquma. Bala ukuze ku-cm ngayinye yezinhlanzi kwakukhona ilitha elilodwa lamanzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ubala ngokusekelwe kusayizi wokugcina wezinhlanzi (hlola nesitolo sezilwane ukuthi isilwane sakho esifuywayo sizokhula kangakanani). Ubukhulu obuphansi kufanele okungenani bube ngu-1 cm x 60 cm. 

I-aquarium enkulu kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela kunencane. 

Izindawo zokubeka

Khetha indawo ye-aquarium lapho ungeke uyisuse khona. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngemuva kokugcwalisa i-aquarium ngamanzi nemihlobiso, kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukuyihambisa, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho uyihlela kabusha, ungaphula ubuqotho bayo. 

Ungafaki i-aquarium eduze nomnyango - izinhlanzi zizohlala zicindezelekile. Indawo ekahle ikude nefasitela, ezolile, izindawo ezimnyama ekamelweni. Uma ubeka i-aquarium eduze kwefasitela, ukukhanya kwelanga kuzovusa ukukhula kwe-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ikhoneni lakho lemvelo lizophenduka ixhaphozi eliqhakaza. 

Ukufakwa

Imvamisa, abakhiqizi be-aquarium banikela ngezisekelo ezikhethekile. Uma ungafaki i-aquarium ekhabetheni elikhethekile, qiniseka ukuthi isitendi sizinzile nesicaba esivundlile ngokuphelele (hlola ngezinga). 

Ngemva kokufaka isitendi, beka i-polystyrene foam pad ethambile engu-5 mm kuso. Udoti uzonciphisa umthwalo engilazini futhi ugweme imifantu. Ukufakwa kwegwebu elithambile akudingeki kuphela ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinohlaka olukhethekile lwepulasitiki oluqinile olubekwe eduze komjikelezo ongezansi. 

Ukulungisa i-aquarium

I-aquarium entsha kufanele igezwe kahle ngaphambi kokufakwa. Zonke izesekeli ze-aquarium (amabhakede, ama-scrapers, izipontshi, njll.) akumele zihlangane nezinto zokuhlanza namanye amakhemikhali. Kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela ku-aquarium. Ingilazi, ngaphakathi nangaphandle, akufanele neze iwashwe ngamakhemikhali ajwayelekile asendlini. Kungcono ukugeza i-aquarium ngamanzi ashisayo kanye ne-rag noma isipontshi.

Ngemuva kokuthi ugeze i-aquarium, yigcwalise ngamanzi bese uyishiya amahora angu-2-3 ukuze uhlole ukuqina. Uma ngalesi sikhathi amanzi engaboni noma yikuphi, ungaqhubeka nokufaka nokugcwalisa.

Isisetshenziswa

I-aquarium iyisiqhingi esincane semvelo, ngakho-ke, ukudala izimo ezidingekayo zokugcina izinhlanzi nezitshalo, imishini iyadingeka: 

• Ihitha, 
• hlunga, 
• icompressor, 
• izinga lokushisa, 
• isibani (ukukhanyisa).

Ukushisa

Ezinhlanzini eziningi ze-aquarium, izinga lokushisa elivamile liyi-24-26 C. Ngakho-ke, amanzi ngokuvamile adinga ukushiswa. Uma igumbi lakho lifudumele, futhi amanzi ku-aquarium ngaphandle kokushisa okukhethekile ahlala ezingeni lika-24-26 C, khona-ke ungenza ngaphandle kwe-heater. Uma ukushisa okuphakathi akukwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi, ungasebenzisa izifudumezi ze-aquarium nge-thermostat. 

Izifudumezi ezinomlawuli ngokwazo zigcina izinga lokushisa olisethile. I-heater ivaliwe, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe ngokuphelele emanzini ukuze amanzi ageze i-heater futhi ashise ngokulinganayo (ungasusa kuphela i-heater emanzini ngemva kokunqamula emthonjeni wamandla). 

Ukusebenza kwe-heater kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kwekamelo lapho i-aquarium itholakala khona. Ekamelweni elifudumele, lapho umehluko nokushisa kwamanzi ungekho ngaphezu kuka-3 C, 1 W wamandla okushisa nge-1 litre lamanzi anele. Uma umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa komoya namanzi, i-heater kufanele ibe namandla kakhulu. Kungcono uma i-heater inamandla engeziwe uma kubanda ekamelweni (inani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza ukushisa kuyafana). 

Ku-aquarium enezinhlanzi zegolide, i-heater ayidingeki!

Isibani

Ukukhanyisa akusizi nje ukubonisa izinhlanzi kangcono, kuphinde kukhuthaze i-photosynthesis, inqubo ebalulekile ezitshalweni. Ukukhanyisa emanzini ahlanzekile emanzini, amalambu e-fluorescent noma e-light-emitting diode (LED) asetshenziswa kakhulu.

Usuku olushisayo luthatha amahora ayi-12-13, futhi ngokufanele, i-aquarium kufanele ikhanyiswe ngalesi sikhathi. Ebusuku, ukukhanya kuvaliwe, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa isibali sikhathi salokhu, esizokhanyisa futhi sivale isibani kuwe, ungakhohlwa ukwenza lokhu.

Hlunga

Izihlungi ze-Aquarium zingahlukaniswa ngamakilasi angu-3 ayinhloko - izindiza zangaphandle, zangaphakathi kanye nezindiza. Isihlungi sangaphandle sifakwa ngaphandle kwe-aquarium, ngokuvamile esisekelweni. Amanzi angena kuwo ngamapayipi bese ebuyela e-aquarium ngawo. Izihlungi zangaphandle zibiza kakhulu kunezangaphakathi, kodwa zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi azithathi isikhala ku-aquarium. Izihlungi zangaphakathi zishibhile, zibhekana kahle nemithwalo emanzini anenani elincane lezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, bazodinga ukuhlanzwa kaningi kunangaphandle. I-Airlift ilungele ama-shrimp aquariums, lezi zihlungi zibhangqwe ne-compressor.

I-Compressor (i-aeration)

Inhlanzi iphefumula i-oksijini encibilikisiwe emanzini, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa njalo komoya-mpilo kuyadingeka ngosizo lwe-compressor. Ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-aquarium, ixhunywe ngepayipi ku-sprayer, efakwe ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Uma i-compressor ifakwe ngaphansi kwezinga lamanzi, i-valve engabuyi kufanele ifakwe ku-hose ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni ku-compressor uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kwamandla. I-compressor kufanele ibe namandla kangangokuthi ingakwazi ukubhoboza ikholomu yonke yamanzi ngokugeleza komoya nge-atomizer. Kuyoba usizo ukufaka umpompi epayipini ukuze ulungise ukugeleza komoya.

Ground

Umhlabathi uyisisekelo sezinhlanzi eziphumelelayo nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Kwakha indawo yokuhlala enhle yamabhaktheriya adingekayo ukudiliza izinto eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibamba izitshalo. Ukuze izitshalo zikhule kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube khona umsoco oqhubekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi enomsoco (njengenhlabathi). Inhlabathi enomsoco isatshalaliswa phezu kwayo yonke indawo engaphansi, futhi kakade kusukela phezulu imbozwe ngamatshe amatshe amahle (3-4 mm). 

Amatshe amatshe kufanele abe bushelelezi ukuze izinhlanzi (isibonelo, i-catfish) zingalimali kuwo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inhlabathi ibe mnyama, ngoba. umhlophe kubangela ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka ezinhlanzi. Ngaphambi kokuthela amatshe ku-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuyihlanza kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo ukuze ugeze izinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu ezingangcolisa amanzi.

izitshalo

Izitshalo zenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile ku-aquarium. Izitshalo zakha isistimu yokuhlunga yekhwalithi. Izitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha zimunca i-ammonium ne-nitrate, zithulule amanzi. Phakathi ne-photosynthesis, izitshalo zidonsa isikhutha futhi zifake umoya-mpilo emanzini. Futhi, izitshalo zinikeza i-aquarium ukuvumelana nokuthula, zisebenza njengesivikelo sezinhlanzi ezincane komakhelwane abalambile futhi, ngokuba yindawo yokukhosela, zisiza izinhlanzi ukukhulula ukucindezeleka.

Izitshalo zitshalwa ngendlela yokuthi izinhlobo ezikhula kancane zibe ngaphambili. Izitshalo ze-shrub ezizimele ezineziqu ezinde zifanele uhlelo oluphakathi. Izitshalo ezinde zibekwe kahle ngemuva nasezinhlangothini. 

Izitshalo ze-aquarium kufanele zihanjiswe emanzini. Ngaphambi kokutshala, sika amathiphu ezimpande kancane ngesikelo esibukhali futhi ususe amaqabunga avilaphayo nawonakele. Cindezela umgodi emhlabathini ngomunwe wakho bese ufaka ngokucophelela izimpande, ufafazwe ngamatshe. Pakisha igravel ngokuqinile bese udonsa isitshalo phezulu kancane ukuze uqondise izimpande. Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo zitshalwe, ungagcwalisa i-aquarium ngamanzi bese wengeza ukulungiswa kwamanzi.

Ngenxa yenhlabathi enomsoco, izitshalo zizomila ngokushesha futhi zikhule kahle. Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-4-6, ukuvundisa okuvamile kufanele kuqale. Izitshalo ezimunca umsoco ngamaqabunga azo zidinga umanyolo owuketshezi. Izitshalo ezimunca umsoco ngezimpande zazo zingase zizuze kuphilisi likamanyolo.

E-aquarium enezinhlanzi ezinotshani zezinhlobo ezinkulu, kungcono ukufaka izitshalo eziphilayo ezakha indawo yokuhlobisa ngezokwenziwa (ukugwema ukuzidla), futhi phakathi kweziphilayo, zikhethele izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha.

Water

Emvelweni, emjikelezweni oqhubekayo, ukuhlanzwa nokukhiqizwa kwamanzi kwenzeka. Ku-aquarium, sisekela le nqubo ngemishini ekhethekile kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekela. Amanzi e-aquarium asetshenziswa amanzi kampompi ajwayelekile aphuma empompini obandayo. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi okupompo ashisayo namanzi ane-ions esiliva. Ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, amanzi athululelwa epuletini elibekwe phansi.

Amanzi kampompi kufanele alungiswe ngaphambi kokuthululelwa ku-aquarium!

Ukulungisa amanzi, kusetshenziswa ama-conditioner akhethekile (akufanele kudidaniswe nama-conditioner okugeza izingubo!), Okubopha futhi kunciphise izinto emanzini. Kunamathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ufake izinhlanzi kuwo ngosuku lokuqala ngemuva kokufaka i-aquarium. Uma usebenzisa i-conditioner evamile, udinga ukulinda izinsuku ezingu-3-4 ngemva kokulungisa amanzi, bese uqala izinhlanzi kuphela.

Ukususwa emasikweni 

Dala izindawo zokucasha ezanele zezinhlanzi. Bathanda ikakhulukazi imihume engakhiwa ngamatshe amakhulu, kanye nama-snags okuhlobisa, njll. Ama-snags okhuni acutshungulwe ngokukhethekile kuphela afanelekile ukuhlobisa. Izinkuni oziqoqayo zizobola ku-aquarium, zikhiphe izinto eziyingozi emanzini. Amatshe aqukethe i-lime noma idiphozi yensimbi awafaneleki. Kungcono ukugqoka izakhiwo zamatshe nge-silicone aquarium glue ezindaweni zokuxhumana ukuze zingawi ngenxa yezinhlanzi ezisebenzayo. 

Ungeqisi ngemihlobiso – kubalulekile ukushiya indawo eyanele ukuze izinhlanzi zibhukude.

Ukuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo eziyingozi

Kusukela ekudleni okusele, indle yezinhlanzi, izingxenye ezifile zezitshalo, njll. zaqala ukwakhiwa, ngokusho kwamanani e-pH, i-ammonium noma i-ammonia. Njengomphumela wokubola okulandelayo, i-nitrite yakheka kuqala, bese kuba yi-nitrate. I-ammonia ne-nitrite kuyingozi kakhulu ezinhlanzini, ikakhulukazi uma uqala i-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, lapho uqala i-aquarium, ungakhohlwa ukuthululela ku-aquarium umkhiqizo okhethekile wamanzi oqukethe amabhaktheriya akhethekile e-nitrifying abola imikhiqizo yokuwohloka kwamaprotheni eyingozi ezinhlanzi. 

Ama-nitrate awaqhekeki ngokuqhubekayo ku-aquarium kanye nesihlungi ngakho-ke ayanqwabelana. Emazingeni aphezulu, akhuthaza ukukhula kwe-algae engadingeki. Amanani e-nitrate aphezulu kakhulu angancishiswa ngokushintsha kwamanzi njalo (15-20% ngesonto) nangokukhula kwezitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha (isb i-hornwort, elodea) emanzini. 

Izinhlanzi

Lapho uthenga izinhlanzi, umuntu akufanele athathwe ngokubukeka kwazo kuphela, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zokuziphatha kwazo, ubukhulu bokugcina obulinganiselwe kanye nezici zokunakekelwa. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa lezo zinhlanzi ezisezingqimbeni ezahlukene zamanzi, kanye nezinhlanzi ezidla i-algae ne-catfish. Iningi lezinhlanzi zase-aquarium zigcinwa emanzini okushisa angaba ngu-25 C futhi ku-pH engathathi hlangothi (6,5-7,5). Ukuze ungagcwalisi i-aquarium futhi ubale kahle inani lezinhlanzi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngosayizi wokugcina, cishe u-1 cm ubude benhlanzi yabantu abadala kufanele iwele ku-1 litre lamanzi.

Kuphela ngemva kokuba i-aquarium isivele ihlotshisiwe, itshalwe ngezitshalo; isihlungi, isifudumezi kanye nomsebenzi wokukhanyisa njengoba kulindelekile; Ukuhlola kubonisa izinga elihle lamanzi - ungakwazi ukugijima izinhlanzi.

Noma yikuphi ukuthutha kuwushintsho lwendawo futhi kuhlala kunengcindezi, ngakho-ke amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele anakwe:

• Ukuthutha akufanele kuthathe amahora angaphezu kwama-2 (uma kungekho ukuhlinzekwa komoya okwengeziwe).
• Lapho utshala izinhlanzi, kungcono ukucisha ukukhanya, ngoba. izinhlanzi zizolile ebumnyameni.
• Ukushintsha kwendawo yokuhlala kufanele kwenzeke kancane kancane, ngakho-ke, lapho utshalwa kabusha, akunconywa ukuthulula izinhlanzi ngokushesha ku-aquarium, kodwa kungcono ukwehlisa isikhwama esivulekile emanzini ukuze sintante, futhi kancane kancane uthele amanzi e-aquarium emanzini. isikhwama isigamu sehora.

Ukudla

Impilo nokumelana nomzimba wezinhlanzi kuncike ekudleni okucatshangelwayo, okukhethwe kahle kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamavithamini. Ukudla kufanele kube okuhlukahlukene, okulungiselelwe ngesisekelo semikhiqizo yekhwalithi. 

Inani lokudla okunikezwayo kufanele lihambisane nezidingo zezinhlanzi. Okuphakelayo akufanele kuhlale emanzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15-20. Uma ukudla kusasele, kufanele kususwe ngesicoci esingaphansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudla ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi kanye ne-asidi yamanzi.