10 izidalwa eziningi zakudala ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla

Zonke izingane ebuntwaneni zithanda izincwadi mayelana nama-dinosaurs nezilwane zangaphambi komlando. Ngokuhlwithwa, balinde abazali babo ukuba babayise embukisweni wezithombe zokwenziwa eziye zaphila - phela leli yithuba lokuthinta umlando weplanethi yethu njengoba kwakunjalo ezigidini zeminyaka edlule. Futhi hhayi izingane kuphela, kodwa nabantu abadala baphupha ngokubamba iqhaza ekucwaningweni kwezinto zakudala kanye ne-paleontological.

Kuvele ukuthi akufanelekile nhlobo ukuya kude - iphupho lingaba ngokoqobo. Izidalwa “zezinsalela,” ezineminyaka eyizigidi eziningi, zisaphila emhlabeni wethu. Uma uhlakaniphile, ungazibona kalula phakathi nohambo lwakho lokufunda.

Ubuwazi ukuthi ngisho nama-agarics empukane anobuthi obukhona sebehlale emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100? Futhi izingwenya, empeleni, ama-dinosaurs afanayo asevele aneminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-83 ubudala.

Namuhla silungiselele ukubuyekezwa kwezakhamuzi eziyi-10 zasendulo kakhulu zeplanethi yethu, ongayibona (futhi ngezinye izikhathi uthinte) ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.

10 I-Ant Martialis heureka - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-120 edlule

Intuthwane ekhuthele yaqala uhambo lwayo lwasemhlabeni kudala futhi yasinda ngendlela eyisimangaliso. Ososayensi bathole ku-resin nakwamanye amatshe ohlobo lwe-proto-ant i-Martialis heureka, ekhona iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-120.

Isikhathi esiningi isinambuzane esisichitha ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho sihamba khona ngokukhululeka ngenxa yesistimu yendawo (ayinalo iso). Ngobude, intuthwane ingeqi ku-2-3 mm, kodwa, njengoba sibona, inamandla amakhulu nokukhuthazela. Yavulwa okokuqala ngo-2008.

9. Ushaka Othosiwe - eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-150 edlule

Akuyona ize ukuthi ummeleli wezinhlobo zezilwane akabukeki njengezihlobo zakhe zanamuhla - into e-asymmetrically prehistoric yahlala ekubukeni kwakhe. Ushaka othosiwe uhlala ekujuleni okubandayo (ikhilomitha elilodwa nengxenye ngaphansi kwamanzi), ngakho akazange atholakale ngokushesha. Mhlawumbe yingakho ekwazile ukuba khona isikhathi eside - iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-150. Ngaphandle, ushaka ubukeka njenge-eel ethile kunoshaka ojwayelekile.

8. I-Sturgeon - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-200 edlule

Bobabili abadala kanye nezingane bathanda ukuzitika nge-sturgeon ne-caviar. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abalandele umlando walolu hlobo - luhlezi phezu kwekhawunta, makube njalo. Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba ikhethwe ochwepheshe bezokupheka, i-sturgeon yadabula phezu kwamanzi iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200.

Futhi manje, njengoba sikhumbula, ukubamba kwabo kufanele kube nomkhawulo, ngaphandle kwalokho abameleli abadala kakhulu bazofa kancane kancane. Ukube bekungengenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu, ubumnyama bebungazalanisa ama-sturgeon, ngoba le nhlanzi iyakwazi ukuphila ikhulu lonke.

7. Isihlangu - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-220 edlule

Isidalwa esihlekisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esinyanyekayo - ummeleli omdala wezindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile. Isihlangu yisidalwa esinamehlo amathathu, lapho iso lesithathu le-naupliar lenzelwe ukubandlulula kanye nendawo ngaphansi kwezimo zobumnyama nokukhanya.

Izihlangu zokuqala zavela eminyakeni engaba ngu-220-230 edlule, futhi manje seziseduze nokushabalala. Ngalesi sikhathi, baye bashintsha kancane ngokubukeka - behle kancane. Abameleli abakhulu kunazo zonke bafinyelela ubude obuyi-11 cm, kanti encane ayizange idlule i-2. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo liwukuthi i-cannibalism iyisici sezinhlobo zezilwane phakathi nenkathi yendlala.

6. I-Lamprey - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-360 edlule

Isibani esiqondile nesicasulayo ngaphandle sinqamula ama-expanses amanzi isikhathi esingekho ngaphansi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-360. Inhlanzi eshelelayo eshwabeneyo, ekhumbuza i-eel, ivula ngokuyingozi umlomo wayo omkhulu, lapho wonke amafinyila (okuhlanganisa i-pharynx, ulimi nezindebe) inamazinyo abukhali.

I-Lamprey yavela enkathini ye-Paleozoic futhi ijwayele ngokuphelele kokubili amanzi ahlanzekile nasawoti. Ingabe i-parasite.

5. I-Latimeria - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-400 edlule

Inhlanzi endala iyivelakancane ekubambeni okungahleliwe kwabadobi. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, le nhlanzi ehlangene yayibhekwa njengengasekho, kodwa ngo-1938, okwajabulisa ososayensi, kwatholakala isifanekiso sokuqala esiphilayo, futhi eminyakeni engu-60 kamuva, eyesibili.

Izinhlanzi zanamuhla ezinsalela phansi iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-400 zikhona cishe azikashintshi. I-cross-finned coelacanth inezinhlobo ezi-2 kuphela ezihlala ogwini lwase-Afrika nase-Indonesia. Iseduze nokushabalala, ngakho-ke ukubamba kwayo kushushiswa ngokomthetho.

4. I-Horseshoe Crab - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-445 edlule

Ubuwazi yini ukuthi inkalankala ye-arthropod Clumsy horseshoe "iyindoda endala" yangempela emhlabeni wamanzi? Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-440 iphila kule planethi, futhi lokhu kungaphezu kwezihlahla eziningi zasendulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isidalwa esasisindile asizange sishintshe ukubukeka kwaso okukhethekile.

I-crab yokuqala ye-horseshoe ngendlela ye-fossil itholwe ngabavubukuli baseCanada ngokufanayo notorious 2008. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umzimba we-horseshoe crab uqukethe ithusi ngokweqile, ngenxa yokuthi igazi lithola i-tint bluish. Iphinde ihlangane namabhaktheriya, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamahlule okuvikela. Lokhu kwavumela osokhemisi ukuthi basebenzise igazi lesidalwa njenge-reagent kanjiniyela wezidakamizwa.

3. I-Nautilus - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-500 edlule

I-cute littlefish i-cuttlefish isonqenqemeni lokushabalala, nakuba iye yaba nesibindi sokuzulazula emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eyisigamu sebhiliyoni. I-cephalopod inegobolondo elihle, elihlukaniswe ngamakamelo. Ikamelo elikhulu lihlala isidalwa, kanti amanye aqukethe i-biogas esivumela ukuba sintante njengentanta lapho sitshuza sijule.

2. I-Medusa - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-505 edlule

Ukubhukuda olwandle, kunzima ukungaboni i-jellyfish ekhanyayo ekhanyayo, ukushiswa kwayo okusaba kakhulu abavakashi. I-jellyfish yokuqala yavela cishe ngo-505-600 (ngokokulinganisa okuhlukahlukene) eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule - khona-ke yayiyizinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezicatshangelwa ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu. Ummeleli omkhulu othunjiwe wezinhlobo zafinyelela ububanzi obungama-230 cm.

Ngendlela, i-jellyfish ayikho isikhathi eside - unyaka owodwa kuphela, ngoba iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ohlelweni lokudla lwezilwane zasolwandle. Ososayensi basazibuza ukuthi ngabe i-jellyfish ibamba kanjani imizwa evela ezithweni zombono lapho ubuchopho bungekho.

1. Isiponji - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-760 edlule

I-sponge, ngokuphambene nemibono ekhona, iyisilwane futhi, ngokuhlangene, isidalwa sasendulo kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje, isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kweziponji asikasungulwa, kodwa endala kakhulu, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, yayineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingu-760 ubudala.

Izakhamuzi ezinjalo eziyingqayizivele zisahlala emhlabeni wethu, kuyilapho siphupha ukubuyisela ama-dinosaur noma ama-mammoth prototypes avela kuzakhi zofuzo. Mhlawumbe kufanele sikunake kakhulu okusizungezile?