Izinyoka ze-Viviparous kanye ne-oviparous: indlela yokuphila, ukunakekelwa kwekhaya nokuthi izithombe zingazalana kanjani

Izinyoka ziyizilwane ezihlotshaniswa nobuchopho bethu nemfihlakalo. Zahlulele wena: U-Eva wanikwa i-apula yinyoka. Kunenani lezinye izibonelo lapho inyoka isivele iyisimilo esihle. Lezi yizilwane ezithakazelisayo ezivela emisebenzini eminingi yezinganekwane nezobuciko. Phakathi kwezinto ezidaliwe zakamuva ezichaza izinyoka nguHarry Potter, lapho ikhono lokukhuluma nalezi zidalwa lavezwa njengobukhulu.

Izinyoka: izici ezijwayelekile

Kodwa ake sisuke ezinganekwaneni sikhulume kabanzi ngokuthi zingobani nokuthi izinyoka zizalana kanjani. Ngokuvamile, lezi izilwane ezibandayo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Zivamile ezingxenyeni eziningi zeplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yezici zabo zomzimba, bangahlala kunoma yiziphi izindawo lapho kungabandi kakhulu. Futhi lena cishe yonke iplanethi yethu. Kuphela e-Antarctica izinyoka azitholakali, njengoba izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, elingafinyelela -80 degrees kwezinye izindawo.

Abanye abantu abazi ukuthi kuyini ukubanda? Ingabe izinyoka zinegazi elibandayo ngempela? ukuphola kusho ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwegazi ngaphansi kwethonya lezici zangaphandle. Okusho ukuthi, uma ngaphandle kwama-degrees angamashumi amane, khona-ke ngaphakathi kwenyoka cishe izinga lokushisa elifanayo. Uma kukhona ama-degree angu-10 lapho, khona-ke kunamathuba amaningi okuthi isilwane sizolala. Izinyoka zizalela kuphela uma ziqaphile.

Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu zezinyoka emhlabeni. Lena inombolo enkulu kakhulu. Lokhu kusuka ezinyoka ezinobuthi kakhulu ezingabulala ihhashi, kuya kwezingenabungozi ngokuphelele ongaba nazo njengesilwane esifuywayo ekhaya lakho. Yiqiniso, izidalwa ezinjalo abantu abangavamile kakhulu kuphela abakwazi ukukhokhela, njengoba izivakashi zizosaba cishe njalo. Noma kunjalo, likhona ithuba elinjalo, futhi kungani ungakhulumi ngalo?

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo nazo ziyahlukahluka kumingcele efana nalokhu:

• izilinganiso. Zingaba zinkulu kakhulu futhi zibe zincane kakhulu. Ezinye izinyoka zingamamitha angu-10 ubude, kanti ezinye zingamasentimitha ambalwa nje.
• indawo yokuhlala. Izinyoka zingaphila kokubili ogwadule nasemahlathini noma emaqeleni. Abanye abazigcini izinyoka ekhaya "ngaphansi kophahla", kodwa ukuhlomisa terrarium ekhethekile kubo. Futhi kuyindlela enhle uma ufuna ukugcina izinyoka endlini yakho.
• ukukhiqiza kabusha. Ukuthi izinyoka ziyibona kanjani le mfanelo kuncike ezimweni. Uma ifudumele ngokwanele, izinyoka zingakhwelana futhi zizale. Futhi lokhu ngempela ukuzalwa, hhayi amaqanda. Izinyoka ziphakathi kwezilwane zokuqala lapho ukuzalwa okuphilayo kuyithuluzi lokukhiqiza inzalo. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinyoka ezingazala abantwana. Abaningi basazalela amaqanda. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, nazo zihlukile komunye nomunye.

Uyabona ukuthi kuthakazelisa kanjani? Eqinisweni, ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukukhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwezinyoka njengeqoqo lezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngemva kwakho konke Uhlobo ngalunye lunemikhuba yalo yokuzalanisa.ehlukile kwezinye izilwane. Noma kunjalo, kungashiwo izici ezivamile. Ngakho-ke ake sikhulume ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kwalezi zilwane.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinyoka

Isithombe sibonisa ukuthi izinyoka zizala kanjani. Le nqubo ibukeka iyinhle ngempela. Ezimweni eziningi, izinyoka ziyizidalwa ezihlukene. Nakuba kwenzeka ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zilwane kukhona hermaphrodites. Njengoba ukuzala kwezinyoka kuwubulili obuhlukene, owesilisa nowesifazane bahlanganyela kule nqubo. Umuntu ongakulungele ukuhlukanisa isilwane kwesinye. Phela, cishe awahlukani ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle.

Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube lokho insikazi incane. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile. Ezimweni eziningi, izinyoka ziyafana ezinkomba zangaphandle. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa basenomsila oyisicaba. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinga lokushisa kufanele likhululeke ngokwanele ukuze izinyoka zizale ngempumelelo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka entwasahlobo, lapho kungashisi kakhulu, kodwa kungabandi kakhulu.

Ku-ecology, kunento efana ne-optimum zone. Lezi yizimo ezifanele ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwebhayoloji luphile endaweni eyodwa noma umuntu ewonke. Yonke into engafakiwe kundawo ye-optimum ibizwa nge-pessimum zone. Lezi zimo ezibucayi azihlali zinomthelela omubi emzimbeni wesilwane.

Ake sithi ngezinye izikhathi ziba nomphumela omubi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isilwane singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo. Bese-ke yonke imisebenzi elahlekile izobuyiselwa futhi. Cishe kwenzeka okufanayo ngezinyoka ezihlala ogwadule. Futhi lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombe zezinyoka ezizalela ogwadule zinhle ngempela.

Ama-Hermaphrodites

Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuma-hermaphrodites. Bona, njengoba kusobala kumuntu ovamile, banazo zombili izitho zangasese zowesifazane nowesilisa. Kunjalo ukuhlangana njalo, kodwa kuyenzeka. Ngokuvamile, izinyoka ze-hermaphrodite ziqondwa njenge-island botrops, ehlala eNingizimu Melika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lunezinyoka ezivamile ezithandana nobulili obuhlukile kanye nama-hermaphrodites akwazi ukuzala inzalo; izinyoka ezinjalo azikwazi ukubulawa.

Futhi phakathi kwezinyoka, i-parthenogenesis ngezinye izikhathi iyenzeka - indlela yokuzala, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu omusha angavela eqandeni likamama ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa. Ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi izinyoka zizala ngezindlela ezintathu: i-heterosexual, i-parthenogenetic ne-hermaphroditic. Futhi zonke lezi zinhlobo zokukhiqiza esithombeni zinhle kakhulu.

Ukubekela iqanda lenyoka

Isilwane ngasinye sinaka ngokukhethekile amaqanda aso, ngoba ukuphumelela kokuzala nokugcina ubuqotho babantu kuncike kulokhu. Yingakho ke indawo yokubekela amaqanda kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo: induduzo, ukuphepha kanye nokuthula. Isibonelo, indawo enjalo ezinyoka ze-steppe ingabizwa ngokuthi imbobo lapho ifihla khona amaqanda.

Izinyoka zasehlathini zivame ukubeka amaqanda azo ngaphansi kwama-snags, futhi ogwadule le ndawo kunesihlabathi. Njengoba ubona, izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoka nazo zivezwe lapha. Abazali banakekela amaqanda ncamashi kuze kube yilapho izilwane zizalwa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenziwa ngowesifazane, ewafudumeza ngosizo lokufinyela kwemisipha yakhe. Noma kunjalo, akwenzeki neze ukubiza izinyoka ezinakekelayo. Kodwa azikhukhumezi, isibonelo, ama-cuckoos.

Asikho nje isidingo sokukhulisa inzalo kulezi zilwane. Ekuqaleni ilungele ukukhula. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo azinaso lesi sici. Ngisho nomuntu othathwa njengomuntu osethuthuke kakhulu udinga imfundo esemncane. Ngokuvamile, ososayensi baye baqaphela ukuthambekela kokuthi lapho isidalwa sebhayoloji sithuthuke kakhulu, inqubo yokukhulisa izingane ithatha isikhathi eside.

izinyoka viviparous

Ake sithi nje izinyoka azisena viviparous, kodwa ovoviviparous. Ukuchaza izimiso zalolu hlobo lokuzalwa kwengane, kuyadingeka ukuchaza inqubo yokuvuthwa kombungu ngokwawo. Kusukela ekuqaleni, ihlale ivuthwa kumzali. Ngemva kwalokho, amaqanda angase azalwe, azoqhubeka ekhula endaweni yangaphandle.

I-Ovoviviparity ibonakala ngokukhula kweqanda ngaphakathi kowesifazane, futhi ngemva kokuba le nqubo ifinyelele phezulu, kuzozalwa inyoka, ephuma eqandeni emzimbeni kamama. Ngalesi sikhathi, iqanda ngokwalo liyaphuma. Lapho izilwane ezinjalo zihlala zizimele kusukela ngesikhathi bezalwa.

Kodwa-ke, izinyoka ze-viviparous ngempela ziyenzeka. Njengomthetho, lezi yi-boas noma izinyoka ezihlala eduze nemithombo yamanzi. Kulokhu, ingane yabo ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwayo yondliwa kubazali bayo nge-placenta isebenzisa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemithambo yegazi exhumene.

Okusho ukuthi, izinyoka zizala ngazo zontathu izindlela:

• ukubeka amaqanda;
• i-ovoviviparity;
• phila ukuzalwa.

Ukuzalanisa izinyoka ekhaya

Ngokwemvelo, akufanele ube nenyoka ezogaqa ekamelweni ukuze yethuse abantu. Kodwa i-terrarium ingafakwa. Muva nje, le ndlela yokugcina izilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya ithola ukuthandwa kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi izinyoka azikhohlisi, akudingeki ukuba bahanjwe, ngokuvamile baphila impilo yokungenzi lutho. Inkinga enkulu ngokuzalanisa izinyoka ekhaya isidingo sokudala i-terrarium enhle futhi ekhululekile.

Izithombe zama-terrarium anjalo zingatholakala kalula ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye izithombe zama-terrarium amahle ngempela azofanela izinyoka. Izinyoka ziyizidalwa eziphilayo eziyingqayizivele mayelana nokunakekelwa. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, zidinga kuphela ukuphakelwa. Kungani ungathengi i-terrarium ukuze ujabulele izinyoka hhayi kuphela esithombeni, kodwa futhi uphile?

Ukuzalanisa kanjani izinyoka: isithombe