Izitshalo ze-aquarium ezingathobeki: amagama azo nezincazelo, izimo zokuboshwa

Umqondo wokuhlobisa i-aquarium yakho ngezitshalo ezibukhoma uvakashela wonke ama-aquarist. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezivumelana nezimo ze-aquarium. Kodwa ukuze uzuze ukwakheka komhlaba okungavamile kanye nezwe elihle, udinga ukwazi ukuhlanganisa kahle komunye nomunye, ucabangela ukuhambisana nokubeka ngokuvumelana endaweni engaphansi kwamanzi ye-aquarium.

Uhlu olubanzi lwezitshalo ze-aquarium lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izinhlobonhlobo zokutholwa komklamo. Ekudaleni ingadi engaphansi kwamanzi, zonke izici eziyisisekelo zezitshalo, njengokuma, umbala, izici zokukhula zibalulekile. I-intanethi igcwele izithombe ezinhle, futhi ikhanda lijikeleza emibonweni evelayo, ngakho-ke abaningi babanjwe isifiso sokwenza into efanayo ku-aquarium yabo futhi bagijimela emakethe. Lapho, i-aquarist ye-novice ivula ukukhethwa okucebile kwezitshalo, nabathengisi abaqhudelanayo banikela ngezimpahla zabo, beluleka futhi bencenga. Ngenxa yalokho, umthengi ojabulayo ubuyela ekhaya enenani elihloniphekile lokusabalala kwamanzi.

Ngemva kokubeka izitshalo ezithengiwe ku-aquarium yakhe, i-aquarist ye-novice ijabulela ubuhle obudalwe yizandla zayo izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, emva kwalokho izinkinga ziqala. Kwesinye isitshalo, amaqabunga ahlakazeka, ngakolunye, ukugqoka okunsundu kwaqala ukwakha, okwesithathu, izimpande ziqala ukubola. Ngemva kokuhlolisisa isimo, kwatholakala ukuthi i-aquarist engenalwazi yathenga izitshalo ezingenangqondoezidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukunikezwa kwe-CO2 okukhethekile nezinye izimo. Umuntu omusha wayengakakulungeli lokhu, ngaphezu kwalokho, isigamu sezitshalo saphenduka "esingekho emanzini", okungukuthi, asifanele ukuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi. (Banjalo ke abathengisi ...)

Ngeshwa, imizamo engaphumeleli kuphela engaletha ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhulisa ingadi e-aquarium akulula njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, futhi isipiliyoni esithile siyadingeka ukuze kukhule ngempumelelo izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Kuhle kakhulu kuma-aquarists aqalayo ukuzalanisa kufanelekile izitshalo ze-aquarium "ezilula".ezingadingi izimo ezikhethekile.

izitshalo ze-aquarium eziqinile

I-Hornwort

• ungowomndeni we-hornwort, uthanda amachibi anamanzi amile noma ahamba kancane;
• ine-stem emide kanye ne-whorled leaf arrangement, iqabunga lihlanganiswe ne-palmately;
• isitshalo asinazimpande, ngakho-ke singavunyelwa ngokukhululekile ukuba "sibhukude", futhi siphinde sitshalwe eqenjini emhlabathini phakathi noma ngemuva;
• ukukhanyisa ububanzi kusuka ku-0,3-0,4 W / l;
• izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kufanele libe phakathi kuka-16 kuya ku-28 degrees;
• Isitshalo sisakazeka ngokusikwa.

I-hornwort ikhula ezindaweni ezifudumele ezifudumele zeplanethi yonke. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwezinaliti okumnyama, isiqu sibomvu eside. Kubathandi be-aquarium isitshalo sithandwa, njengoba ingenasizotha kakhulu futhi ikhula ngokushesha. Njengasemvelweni, ku-aquarium kukhona isizini ekukhuleni kwe-hornwort. Phakathi nenkathi yasebusika, ukukhula kwayo kuncipha, kucwila phansi, kugcine kuphela ihlumela le-apical.

Noma iyiphi i-aquarium ifanele i-hornwort: ebandayo, efudumele noma eshisayo. Ukushisa kwamanzi okuphezulu (ama-24-28 degrees) kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwesitshalo. Uthanda amanzi aqinile amaphakathi anomphumela ongathathi hlangothi noma one-alkaline kancane. Kodwa futhi ibekezelela amanzi athambile ane-acidic reaction - kuwo ikhula kancane kancane. i-hornwort idinga ukushintsha kwamanzi njalo, njengoba izinhlayiya ze-turbidity zihlala emaqabunga futhi zonakalise ukubukeka kwesitshalo, kuyilapho ibekezelela ukubukeka kwe-plaque kancane kancane. Izindawo ezingcolile kufanele zikhishwe futhi zigezwe ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo, bese zifakwa kabusha ku-aquarium.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sitshalo sinombala omnyama, sine-photophilous, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele mayelana nokukhanya kwaso. Okuwusizo kakhulu kuzoba ukukhanya okusabalalisiwe kwemvelo. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kwe-hornwort akuthandeki. Ulwelwe aluvamile ukumila emaqabunga awo.

Ukukhanyisa okwenziwayo kufanele kukhanye ngokwanele. Kwalokhu Kusetshenziswa izibani ze-incandescent, kanye nohlobo lwe-luminescent lwe-LB olunamandla okungenani angu-0,3 W ilitha lomthamo wamanzi. Isitshalo esingaphansi kokukhanya kokwenziwa sibukeka siphaphathekile ngokuqhathaniswa nokukhanya kwemvelo. Usuku olukhanyayo kufanele lube lude, okungenani amahora ayi-12.

I-Hornwort ayidingi izithako zamaminerali. Isebenza kahle ngemisoco evela emanzini ahlanzekile nokudla kwezinhlanzi. Impande yayo ayithuthukisiwe futhi ayidlali indima ebalulekile ekudleni, ngakho-ke ingatshalwa esimweni esintantayo noma itshalwe emhlabathini.

Lapho ikwindla ifika, lapho ukukhanya kuwa, isitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula kwaso, sicwila phansi. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphezulu futhi kugcinwa ukukhanya okwenziwayo, i-hornwort ikhula isikhathi eside, kodwa isikhathi sokulala asikwazi ukugwenywa. Igcina kuphela iziqongo lapho izinga lokushisa lehla laya kuma-degree angu-12-14, entwasahlobo kuvela iziqu ezintsha kuzo. Utshani ukuzalanisa okulula nokusheshayo ukuhlukaniswa kwesiqu. Ukuze uthole isitshalo esisha, kwanele ukuba nesiqephu esincane sesiqu.

I-Hydrocotyl enekhanda elimhlophe

Elinye igama i-white-headed shieldwort. Lesi isitshalo semvelo asatshalaliswa kabanzi emanzini amile nagelezayo izifunda ezishisayo eNingizimu Melika. Idume njengesitshalo sokuqala esinesiqu eside namaqabunga ayindilinga aluhlaza okotshani afinyelela kumasentimitha angu-4 ububanzi. I-scutellum enekhanda elimhlophe ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-50. Kuyisitshalo esiqinile futhi esikhula ngokushesha.

IHydrocotyl griffon ikhetha i-aquarium eshisayo. Kuthatha ukubukeka okukhangayo kakhulu lapho kutshalwe ngemuva kwe-aquarium. Ikhula emhlabathini, ingena ngokushesha emanzini, ihamba ihamba eduze kwayo, ngaleyo ndlela yenza isithunzi sawo wonke umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi we-aquarium. Ukuze ezinye izitshalo zithole ukukhanya ezikudingayo, ukhaphethi ovelayo udinga ukuncishiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. I-pennywort ingasetshenziswa njengesitshalo esintantayo futhi ingagxilile emhlabathini, bese iba isiphephelo esihle sokuthosa. IHydrocotyl ikhula kahle ezindaweni zasemanzini zanoma yimuphi usayizi.

I-hydrocotyl enekhanda elimhlophe ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile zokugcina. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lama-22-28 degrees lilungile. I-hydrocotyl isabela ekushiseni okuphansi ngokuyeka ukukhula. Ubulukhuni bamanzi, kanye nokusabela kwayo okusebenzayo kwe-pH, akuthinti isitshalo. Iyachuma kuzo zombili izindawo ezine-alkaline ne-acidic. Imingcele ye-pH engcono kakhulu yi-6-8. Idinga ukushintshwa kwamanzi njalo, emanzini amadala, amile isitshalo singawohloka ngokushesha. Imvelo yenhlabathi ye-white-headed shieldwort ayinandaba.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-hydrocotyl kwenzeka ngenxa yokusikwa. Uma izimo zivuma, khona-ke isitshalo esidala siyakwazi ukukhula sisuka engxenyeni encane yesiqu ngepheshana elilodwa.

I-Hygrophila polysperma (Indian)

• elinye igama elithi Bolotnik;
• ungowomndeni wakwa-acanthus, odabuka eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia;
• ikhula ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele emaxhaphozini nasemanzini;
• isiqu sexhaphozi side, siqondile, kwesinye isikhathi siyakhasa. Amaqabunga aphambene. I-Pinnate venation. Izimbali zakhiwa kuma-axils amaqabunga, angaphezu kwamanzi;
• ikhule ngeqembu enhlabathini enomsoco;
• izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kusuka ku-24 kuya ku-28 degrees, i-pH ephakathi kuka-6,5-7,5.

Lo mmeleli wezitshalo uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi yaseNdiya". Ungu ethandwa kakhulu ngama-aquarists, inesiqu eside kanye namahlamvu aluhlaza okusaqanda akhanyayo. Iziqu zayo zingaba zinde kakhulu. I-Hygrophila ibukeka iyinhle ngemuva kuma-aquariums anosayizi abahlukahlukene. Lapho ikhula ngokulinganayo unyaka wonke.

Inkanyezi yaseNdiya igcinwa ku-aquarium eshisayo, umbuso wokushisa ungama-24-28 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-22, isitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula kwaso. I-Hygrophile idinga ukushintshwa kwamanzi njalo. Kufanele ithambile futhi ibe ne-acidic kancane. Uma ukuqina kungaphezu kuka-8, khona-ke ukukhula kwesitshalo kuyawohloka, amaqabunga aphezulu abe mancane, futhi aphansi ahlukana.

Isidingo sokukhanyisa okukhanyayo siboniswa umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo wamaqabunga. Ukukhanyisa kungaba ngokwemvelo noma okwenziwe. Ngqo imisebe yelanga ayifuneki exhaphozini, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza isitshalo sibe mnyama. Ukukhanyisa okwenziwayo kungahlelwa kusetshenziswa izibani ze-fluorescent (uhlobo lwe-LB), kanye nezibani ze-incandescent. Izibani ze-fluorescent kufanele zibe namandla ebangeni lika-0,4-0,5 W ilitha lamanzi, futhi izibani ze-incandescent kufanele zibe izikhathi ezintathu ngaphezulu. Usuku olukhanyayo kufanele luthathe okungenani amahora ayishumi nambili. Izimpawu zokuntuleka kokukhanya kungaba ukuqhekeka kwamaqabunga kanye nokukhula kwesiqu.

Inhlabathi yokutshala i-hygrophila enezimbewu eziningi inodaka kancane, ingaba nesihlabathi esimahhadla noma amatshe amancane kakhulu. Isitshalo ayidingi ukuphakelwa okwengeziwe, akanalo udaka lwemvelo. Uma ingadi yakho ye-aquarium inezitshalo eziningi futhi zikhula ngokushesha, khona-ke udinga ukwenza umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kusetshenziswa i-2 g kamanyolo, ngokuya ngezinguquko zamanzi zamasonto onke.

I-Bogweed isakazwa kalula yi-stem cuttings. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha ingxenye yesiqu ngamaqabunga amahlanu anodaka bese utshala ngokushesha emhlabathini. Uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula ngokushesha lapho amaqabunga amabili aphansi ejula.

Kuyinto engathandeki ukuvumela i-hygrophila "ibhukude" ngoba uhlelo lwempande luthatha ngenkuthalo izintoevela emhlabathini. Ngaphandle kokutshala, lesi sitshalo sikhula kabi kakhulu, ukukhula kuncipha, futhi amaqabunga abe mancane.

I-hygrophila enezimbewu eziningi, njengezinye izinhlobo zayo, itshalwa ngempumelelo endaweni ebamba ukushisa enomswakama kanye nase-paludarium. Emoyeni, ku-substrate yezakhi kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngeke kube nzima ukukhulisa isitshalo, ezimweni ezinjalo sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-Shinersia imisiwe

• elinye igama yi-oki yaseMexico. Umndeni - Compositae. Indawo yemvelo yiNyakatho yeMexico, eTexas.
• ikhula ngaphansi kwamanzi nangaphezulu kwamanzi emifuleni noma emifudlaneni enamanzi ahamba kancane.
• ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-40-70.
• ukuze sibe nenhlalakahle, isitshalo sidinga izinga lokushisa elilungile lamanzi ukusuka ku-18 kuya ku-30 ​​degrees, i-acidity yamanzi i-pH 6,0 - 8,0.

I-Shinersia inesiqu esikhulu noma esimaphakathi. Amaqabunga angaphansi kwamanzi angafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angu-7,5, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angu-3,5, ohlangothini olungemuva angama-lanceolate, aphambene, kuye ngokugqama kokukhanya, angaba nombala osuka koluhlaza kuya kokuluhlaza. abomvu-nsundu, abukeka njengamaqabunga e-oki. Emanzini esihlahla se-oki saseMexico, kwakheka izimbali eziyi-tubular.

I-Shinersia tamed ikhula ngokushesha, ayinasizotha. Amanzi athambile ukuya kokuqina okumaphakathi. Kusakazwa ngokusikwa. Ingabukeka kahle phakathi noma ngemuva kwe-aquarium njengeqembu.