Izinhlobo zezitshalo ze-Aquarium
Iningi lezitshalo zasemanzini esijwayele ukubhekana nazo e-aquarium "ezihlala emanzini yesibili", okusho ukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo zabuyela emanzini zivela emoyeni. Kulokhu, Izinhlobo Zezitshalo Zase-Aquarium zifana nezilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini (imikhomo nezimvu zamanzi): uma ulwelwe (njengezinhlanzi) lungazange luwashiye amanzi, khona-ke izitshalo zasemanzini eziphakeme (njengama-cetaceans) zibuyela ekunethezekeni nasekukhululekeni “kwembeleko wokuphila. ”, esenze uhlobo “lohambo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo” » ngaphandle kwalo. Ukubuya kwezitshalo zasemanzini eziphakeme kakhulu endaweni yasemanzini kwenzeka muva nje, ngokombono we-paleontology, ngemva kokuhlukana kwamazwekazi kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo eziningi zesimanje ze-biogeographic.
Lokhu kuchaza izibonelo eziningi zokuthuthuka okufanayo (ngokungafani ne-homologous) okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezifanayo ngokumangazayo, eziyingxenye yezitshalo zemindeni ehluke ngokuphelele ngisho nama-oda. Izibonelo zakudala i-kabomba engahlukaniseki kahle (por. Lily-flowered) kanye ne-ambulia (por. Lavender), noma i-saggitaria, uhlobo olulodwa olufana ngokuphawulekayo ne-Vallisneria, kanti olunye ne-Echinodorus tennelus encane, futhi zonke lezi zitshalo zingeza imindeni ehlukene.
Konke lokhu kwenza kube kungenangqondo ngokuphelele ngokombono wama-aquarist asebenzayo futhi okuhlobisa ukuhlukanisa izitshalo zasemanzini ngokuhambisana ne-botanical taxonomy yazo. Eqinisweni, lapho uklama indawo yokugcina amanzi, i-aquarist ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwazi ukuthi ubani ophambi kwakhe - i-saggitaria encane noma i-echinodorus enethenda, i-monosolenium liverwort noma i-lomariopsis fern, i-Ludwigia "Cuba" noma i-Eusteralis, uma lezi zitshalo zibukeka kahle. okufanayo, zikhule ngokufanayo futhi zidinga okuqukethwe kwezimo ezifanayo. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi kuma-aquarists kuyisiko (ngaphandle kokungavamile) ukunganaki indawo ehlelekile yezitshalo, kodwa ukuzihlukanisa ngamaqembu ngokuhambisana nokubukeka kwazo, izici zokukhula, kanye ne-niche yemvelo ehlala kuyo. i-biotope. Yiqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho: isibonelo,
Umjikelezo wezindatshana eziyisethenjwa ezitshalweni ze-aquarium, esiqale ukukujwayelanisa nazo ngonyaka owedlule futhi ozoqhubeka nokuzayo, wakhiwe kakhulu ngokuhambisana nalokhu kuhlukaniswa, okungokwesiko kwe-aquarism esebenzayo. Ngokusho kwayo, zonke izitshalo zasemanzini zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
Uhlu Lwazo Zonke Izinhlobo Zezitshalo Zase-Aquarium
1. Izitshalo zekhava ephansi zangaphambili
Leli qembu lihlanganisa zonke izitshalo zasemanzini ezincane, ezikhula kancane ezikhula phezu komhlabathi, futhi ngokudla okwanele nokukhanya, musa ukuthambekela "ukugxumela" phezu kwamanzi. Izitshalo eziningi zaleli qembu zisemanzini ngokuphelele, zikhula endaweni engaphansi kwamanzi ngokuphelele isikhathi eside esinqunyiwe, futhi ezinye zazo azinalo nhlobo uhlobo lwe-emers (air). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, zakha amacansi amahle kanye nezindawo ezicwebezelayo, ezigcina zimboze ngokuphelele indawo engaphansi kwe-aquarium, zingahlali ezinye izitshalo
2. Izitshalo ze-rosette ne-short-rhizome zohlelo oluphakathi
Leli yiqembu elivame kakhulu nelidumile lezitshalo zasemanzini. Cishe wonke ama-cryptocorynes , echinodorus , nymphs , ama-anubias amaningi , aponogeton , krinums, inani lama-bucephalandras, njll. Izitshalo ezinama-rosette amakhulu anamaqabunga amaningi zibukeka zizinhle engxenyeni emaphakathi ye-aquarium, ziheha ukunaka futhi zihlela ukwakheka komklamo okuzungezile. Izitshalo ezinosayizi omncane, njengomthetho, zizala kahle ngamahlumela e-basal, ama-stolons noma ama-rhizome buds, ekugcineni zakha amaqembu akhangayo phakathi nohlelo lwe-aquarium.
Ngokwehlukana, eqenjini lezitshalo ze-rosette, umuntu kufanele ahlukanise i-nymphaeal, i-egg-pod nezitshalo ezifanayo, okuthi lapho esemncane zakhe i-rosette enhle yamaqabunga angaphansi kwamanzi angama-wavy, noma kunjalo, ngethuba elincane, ngokushesha adedele amaqabunga antantayo. ama-petioles amade, afaka umbala ku-aquarium, ikakhulukazi amaningi ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Abanye babo, ngokusho "kokuziphatha" kwabo, bangabizwa ngokuthi yiqembu lesi-8 - "Izitshalo zasemanzini nasogwini", isibonelo, ama-lotus, okuthi, ngemva kokuntanta, akhulule amaqabunga e-airy, amaqabunga, bese kuphela aqala qhakaza.
3. Izitshalo ze-rosette enamaqabunga amade zangemuva
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezikuleli qembu, kodwa kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana ngenxa yezimpawu zebhayoloji. Lezi izitshalo ze-rosette ezinamacembe amade kakhulu, afana neribhoni afinyelela ngokushesha ebusweni bamanzi. Isakazwa kalula ngeziqu ezinwabuzelayo-stolons, lapho kwakhiwa khona izitshalo ezintsha, lezi zinhlobo ngesikhathi esifushane ziyakwazi ukwakha udonga oluhle oluminyene ngemuva kwe-aquarium, futhi uma kungabikho ukunakekelwa okufanele, zingagcwalisa ingxenye yevolumu. . Okokuqala, lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo ze-vallisneria (evamile, i-spiral, i-twist-leaved, giant, njll.), izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amade ze-saggitaria, ezinye izinhlobo ze-cryptocorynes nama-aponogeton.
4. Izitshalo zasemuva ezineziqu ezinde
Leli mhlawumbe iqembu elibanzi nelisakazeke kakhulu lezitshalo zasemanzini ezitshalwa ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini. Zihlanganiswe ngokubukeka kwazo - iziqu eziqondile eziqondiswe phezulu, lapho amaqabunga atholakala ngokuhlukile noma ngokuphambene. Ukwakheka kwalawa maqabunga kungaba cishe noma yini - ukusuka ku-pinnate obucayi, njengase-ambulia ne-cabomb, kuya "ku-burdocks" ebanzi, njenge-hygrophila "nomafila", ukusuka nxazonke, njenge-bacopa, kuya mncane futhi njengeribhoni, njenge-pogestemon. "i-octopus", kusukela kokuqinile futhi okucishe kube yi-prickly kuya kokuthambile nokuguquguqukayo. Umbala wamaqabunga esiqu eside ubuye uhluke kakhulu - kusukela eluhlaza ophuzi kuya ku-maroon. Ingabe kuyamangaza ukuthi yizona zinhlobo eziningi futhi ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo ezinde eziyisisekelo zakudala futhi kuze kube muva nje isitayela sokuklama esithandwa kakhulu sama-aquariums atshalwe - "amaDashi".
5. Izitshalo ezinamathiselwe noma ezihlobisa indawo
Isici esivamile saleli qembu lezitshalo, eliwusizo kakhulu ekudaleni izingoma zokuhlobisa, yikhono lazo lokunamathisela ngokushesha futhi ngokuqinile ngosizo lwezimpande noma ama-rhizoid ku-substrate yokusiza eyinkimbinkimbi - ama-snags, amatshe, izitsha zobumba zokuhlobisa - futhi zikhule kahle kakhulu. phezu komhlaba. Ngokungeziwe kuma-aquarium mosses, cishe zonke ezinalesi sakhiwo, izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ze-anubias, i-Thai fern, cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-Bucephalandra, njll. Izitshalo ezinjalo zivame kakhulu e-aquaristics yesimanje, futhi ngenxa yokuhlobisa kwazo okuphezulu zithandwa kakhulu .
6. Izitshalo ezintanta ohlwini lwamanzi
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezinjalo ezingenazimpande noma ezicishe zibe nazo futhi ezihlala zisesimeni sokuntanta mahhala. Okokuqala, lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zama-hornworts ezivamile esikweni, i-Guadalupe nyas (noma i-nyas microdon), ezinye izinhlobo ze-pemphigus kanye ne-liverworts, kanye ne-three-lobed duckweed. Ngokuvamile izitshalo ezintantayo mahhala zinezinga eliphezulu lokukhula kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezishintshayo nezingezinhle, ngakho-ke eziningi zazo (isibonelo, i-hornwort kanye ne-nyas) zisetshenziswa njengezitshalo zokuqala lapho uqala i-aquarium entsha, kanye nezitshalo "eziphilisayo". ukuqubuka kwe-algae eluhlaza. : ngokukhula kwabo okusheshayo nokudla okusebenzayo, bayakwazi ngokuphawulekayo ukuncintisana ne-green algae ngezinsiza zokudla ezincibilika emanzini.
7. Izitshalo ezintanta phezu kwamanzi
Leli qembu elikhulu lingahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela libe ngamaqembu amancane amabili: izitshalo ezinamahlamvu e-hydrophilic antanta ngaphansi komhlaba (ama-limnobium, ama-duckweed, i-riccia, i-pemphigus, njll.) nezitshalo ezinamahlamvu e-hydrophobic atholakala ngaphezu komhlaba (pistia, eichornia, salvinia, njll.) .). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunemibandela kakhulu: isibonelo, ifomu elintantayo le-ceratopteris fern lingakhiqiza kokubili amaqabunga e-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic, kuyilapho i-Riccia ne-pemphigus, evame ukuntanta ngaphansi komhlaba, ikhula futhi ikhuphuke ngaphezu kwamanzi emoyeni. Ku-aquarism, izitshalo ezintantayo zisetshenziselwa, okokuqala, ukuthungatha kwezingxenye zezingxenye ezithile zokwakheka kwe-aquarium (isibonelo, phezu kwe-anubias engathandi ukukhanya okuqinile), futhi okwesibili, njenge-substrate yokuzalanisa izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixha zezimpande ezilenga emanzini, isibonelo.
8. Izitshalo zasogwini ezitholakala emanzini
Uma sikhuluma nje, iningi lezitshalo ezitshalwa ku-aquarium ngokwesiko zingafakwa kuleli qembu. Zimbalwa zazo ziyizitshalo zasemanzini ngokugcwele, okungukuthi azikwazi ukuya “ezweni” (zikhuphuke ngaphezu kwamanzi) futhi azinalo uhlobo lwama-emers (umoya) (okuwukuthi, ezitshalweni eziningi, ezitshalweni eziningi zehluke kakhulu abangaphansi kwamanzi, ngaphansi kwamanzi). Ukushintshwa kwezitshalo zesibili zasemanzini zibe nempilo engaphansi kwamanzi, njengomthetho, kwakuyindlela yokujwayela izikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Inqwaba yama-biotopes angasogwini emithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile ihlale ingaphansi kwamanzi amasonto ambalwa (noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa), futhi yome isikhathi sonke. Izitshalo zasogwini (ezifana ne-anubias, i-cryptocorynes, i-echinodorus, njll.) zithuthukise ukujwayela okukhethekile okuzivumela ukuthi ziqhubeke ziphila futhi zikhule sengathi zingaphansi kwamanzi,
Kodwa-ke, asizifaki kuleli qembu (kungenjalo kungadingeka ukuthi ufake ingxenye enhle yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo lapha), kodwa kuphela lezo zitshalo eziphila ngendlela egcwele izikhukhula (“izinyawo emanzini, zibheke phezulu. umhlaba"), kodwa ayikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngendlela, eminyakeni eyi-100-150 edlule, ekuqaleni kwe-aquarism, kwakukhona iningi lezitshalo ezinjalo emasikweni. Kwanele ukubheka imidwebo emidala nokuqoshwa ngezindawo zasemanzini ukuze ubone ukuthi zazihlotshiswe ngokuyinhloko ngamaxhaphozi asendulo njengeCyperus papyrus, Chastuha plantain, calla, arrowhead, sedges ehlukahlukene, umhlanga, cattails, telorez, tradescantia, calamus (acorus) kanye ngisho nelayisi lasendle. Namuhla, zonke lezi zitshalo azivamile esikweni le-aquarium, futhi zitshalwa ikakhulukazi abathandi be-aquapaludarium.
9. I-Aquarium mosses kanye ne-liverworts
Ngokwesiko, ubulembu basemanzini buhlukaniswa njengeqembu elihlukile lezitshalo ze-aquarium ngenxa yezimpawu ezihlukile zebhayoloji yabo. Cishe zonke, ngosizo lwama-rhizoid, zinamathiselwe ku-substrate (amatshe, ama-snags, inhlabathi, ezinye ngisho nezingilazi!) Amanye ama-mosses (fontinalis group) anamathiselwe etsheni kuphela ekupheleni kwesiqu (thallus), kuyilapho sonke isitshalo sikukholomu yamanzi. Kepha ubulembu obuningi bukhasa ku-substrate, buwuphendule. Iqembu elifanayo lihlanganisa ama-liverworts (i-monosolenium, i-riccardia, amafomu aphansi e-riccia, njll.), kanye ne-Lomariopsis fern, cishe engenakuhlukaniswa ne-liverworts. I-Liverworts, ngokungafani ne-mosses, ayinawo ama-rhizoid, noma yakha ama-rhizoid abuthakathaka kakhulu angabambeli kahle ku-substrate, kodwa lokhu kungalungile kunxeshezelwa amandla adonsela phansi abalulekile e-monosolenium thallus, i-lomariopsis, njll., ukuze ngisho ngaphandle kokunamathiselwe. benza umcamelo omangalisayo phansi. Amakhethini anjalo abukeka ehlaba umxhwele ikakhulukazi lapho izitshalo zasemanzini zihluma ngazo - i-saggitaria ne-cryptocorynes.
10. Izitshalo ezingafakiwe kunoma yimaphi amaqembu
Vele, akuzona zonke izitshalo ezikhula emanzini ethu angena kulesi sigaba. Imvelo ihlala icebile futhi ihluke kakhulu kunomqondo wethu ngayo, futhi ngokuqinisekile esikweni kunezinhlobo ezingangeni kunoma yiliphi lamaqembu.
Izinhlobo Zezitshalo ze-Aquarium - Ividiyo
