I-Toxoplasmosis emakati: izindlela zokutheleleka, izimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela

I-Toxoplasmosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esivamile esibangelwa i-protozoan parasite. Umamukeli walo oyinhloko ikati, futhi izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, ngisho nabantu bangabamba iqhaza eliphakathi. Isifo esinjalo sibhekwa njengesibi, ngakho-ke zonke izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuze welaphe isilwane sakho osithandayo se-toxoplasmosis futhi ugweme ukusakazeka kokutheleleka.

Okudingayo ukwazi nge-toxoplasmosis

Amagciwane abangela i-toxoplasmosis emakati ngena emzimbeni nenyama. Kungaba yiwundlu eluhlaza noma ingulube, noma amagundane amancane. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, i-agent causative yalesi sifo, kanye nendle, ingena endaweni yangaphandle, lapho ukutheleleka kwezinye izilwane, kanye nezinyoni nabantu, kwenzeka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-pathogen ingangena ekhaya ngezingubo nezicathulo. Ngokunjalo, nalezo zilwane ezingakaze zibe ngaphandle zingangenwa yilesi sifo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-toxoplasmosis ayidluliswa isuka kumuntu iye komunye.

Ngokuvamile, i-toxoplasmosis ithinta amakati angaphansi konyaka owodwa kanye nabantu abaneminyaka engu-6 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esingaqinile ngokwanele. Iqembu lezingcuphe lihlanganisa:

• izilwane ezidla inyama eluhlaza;
• amakati azulazula ngokukhululeka emgwaqeni;
• izilwane ezigulayo nezilwane ezifuywayo ezisanda kugula;
• amakati ahlala ezimeni ezingezinhle.

I-parasite ingena emzimbeni wekati, bese ithuthela emathunjini amancane, lapho ama-cysts akheka khona. I-Toxoplasma iqala ukwanda ngokuqondile engqamuzaneni, efa ngenxa yalokho. kwakheka emathunjini ama-cysts aphuma nendle futhi ube umthombo wokutheleleka kwezinye izilwane nakubantu.

Ungagwema ukutheleleka uma ususa ngokushesha indle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Toxoplasma iyavuthwa futhi ibe yingozi kubantu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuchayeka endaweni yangaphandle. Ukukhishwa kwayo kuqedwa ngokwesilinganiso samaviki angu-2-3. Ngakho-ke, umthombo wokutheleleka nge-toxoplasmosis yikati kuphela esanda kugula.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Toxoplasma ingena ngezindonga zamathumbu ekati ibende kanye nezitho ze-hematopoietic, ngemva kwalokho i-parasite ingena egazini futhi isakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, ibangele ukulimala kuzo zonke izitho zangaphakathi. Uma ikati linokuzivikela okuqinile, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhiqizwa nokunyakaza kwe-parasite kuyeka noma kunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo. Ngakho-ke, i-Toxoplasma ihlala kuma-cysts e-intracellular, asemzimbeni isikhathi eside. Azikho izimpawu zangaphandle.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-toxoplasmosis ingozi enkulu ku-fetus ekhulayo. Uma owesifazane okhulelwe etheleleka emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa, khona-ke ukufa kombungu, ukukhulelwa kwesisu, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwama-pathologies ahlukahlukene kungenzeka. Uma izilwane ezifuywayo noma owesifazane egula okungenani izinyanga ezingu-3 ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, ama-parasite "avalelwe" kuma-cysts ngeke alimaze ingane.

Izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis

Ezimweni eziningi, ukubonakaliswa kwe-toxoplasmosis emakati kubukeka sengathi umkhuhlane omncane noma ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla okungahlali isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala isilwane sibuthakathaka futhi senqaba ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sohudo nokuhlanza kungenzeka. Lapho i-cyst iba yi-passive, ukubonakaliswa kwesifo akubonwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona ukutheleleka kabusha, okuyi-asymptomatic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba athile akhiwa egazini lekati.

Odokotela bayaba i-acute kanye ne-subacute ye-toxoplasmosis. Esimweni sokugcina, kukhona ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, ukukhathala, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza nokukhishwa kwe-purulent emehlweni, kanye nomkhuhlane. Uma i-parasite ihlasela isimiso sokuphefumula, izimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela nokuthimula, ukuhefuzela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuphelelwa umoya. Izimpawu ezinjalo zifana nokutheleleka kwegciwane elivamile, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuxilonga ikati ngokwakho.

Uma isilwane sinokuzivikela okubuthakathaka kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwefomu elibi kuzoqala. Izimpawu zayo zifana nenkambo ye-subacute yesifo, kodwa izimpawu zibonakala kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa kungenzeka, kubonakaliswa ukudlikizela, umkhuhlane ngisho nokukhubazeka. Ukufa kwamangqamuzana omgogodla nobuchopho kungenzeka, ngenxa yokuthi i-foci yokubhujiswa inkulu kangangokuthi ukusebenza okugcwele kwesimiso sezinzwa ngemva kokululama kungenakwenzeka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkambo efanayo yesifo iyabonwa kuphela ku-7% wamakati athintekile.

I-prognosis incike kuphela ekufikeni kwesikhathi kanye nokunemba kokwelashwa okukhethiwe. Uma ungaphendukeli kuchwepheshe ngesikhathi, i-Toxoplasma izobhubhisa amaseli, okuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezibalulekile ze-necrosis. Ngakho-ke, zonke izitho zangaphakathi zizolimala kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungase kubangele ukufa kwesilwane.

Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-cyst akhululwa emasontweni ambalwa kuphela ngemva kokutheleleka, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala. Ngokunjalo, ucwaningo lwendle yekati lwatholakala lungasebenzi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okunjalo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-serological ye-serum yegazi. Kufanele futhi uthathe i-swab ekhaleni nasemphinjeni.

Ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kuyadingeka ukunamathela kuzo zonke izincomo zikadokotela, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zendabuko ze-antiparasite ngeke kuphumelele.

Lapho kukhona i-toxoplasmosis, ikati eligulayo kufanele ukuhlukaniswa nezingane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo kuze kube yilapho ukukhululwa kwama-cysts endaweni kuyema. Odokotela bakhumbuza ukuthi i-toxoplasmosis kunzima ukwelapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izidakamizwa eziningi azikwazi ukufinyelela i-Toxoplasma "evalelwe" kuma-cysts. Kulokhu, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwelapha ukuqeda izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis futhi umise ukukhiqizwa kwe-parasite. Ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo zidlulisa lesi sifo sisuke esimweni esibucayi siye kwesicashile.

Okuvame ukushiwo yi-spiramycin ne-sulfonamides. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, kanye nama-vitamin complexes. Ngokunqotshwa kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efanele kuboniswa.

Uma ucabangela izincomo zodokotela wezilwane, khona-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo sekati kuzobonakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Naphezu kwalokhu, kuyadingeka qeda inkambo ephelele yokwelashwa. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwayo, i-Toxoplasma emzimbeni wekati ayisebenzi, futhi amasosha omzimba athile ayakhiwa egazini. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ikati liba liphephile.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuthuthukiswa kabusha kwe-toxoplasmosis kungenzeka, okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma izifo ezinciphisa amasosha omzimba. Ukuze uqaphele lokhu ngesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukunikela ngegazi minyaka yonke ukuze kunqunywe izinga lama-antibodies.

izindlela zokuthibela

Ukuze ugweme ukuthola i-toxoplasmosis yezinsikazi bese uthelela ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo noma amalungu omndeni, kufanele khumbula izinyathelo zokuphepha:

• i-tray yekati ihlanzwa nsuku zonke, i-disinfected izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto ngesisombululo se-ammonia;
• lapho uhlanza indle ethreyini yekati, amagilavu ​​kufanele asetshenziswe;
• udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikati alibambi amagundane nezinyoni;
• inyama eluhlaza ayifanele ukuphakelwa;
• isilwane kufanele siphuze amanzi abilisiwe kuphela;
• kuyadingeka ukuphatha njalo isilwane kusuka kumazeze;
• ngemva kokuxhumana nekati, kufanele ugeze kahle izandla zakho nobuso;
• inyama iphathwa ngokushisa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa;
• njengoba i-toxoplasma ivame ukutholakala ezithelweni nemifino, kufanele zihlale zigezwa kahle;
• ngokusika inyama, kufanele uthenge ibhodi elihlukile nommese;
• ngemva kokuxhumana nenyama eluhlaza, geza izandla zakho kahle;
• abesifazane abakhulelwe benqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukunakekela ikati.

I-Toxoplasmosis ukugula okungathi sína, okungadala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Uma kukhona izimpawu ezingathandeki ezitholakalayo, ikati kufanele liboniswe kudokotela wezilwane futhi ukuhlolwa okudingekayo kufanele kuthathwe.