I-Staphylococcus aureus emakati

Mayelana ne-staphylococcus

i-staphylococcus - Lolu uhlobo lwama-microorganisms, noma kunalokho amagciwane omndeni we-Staphylococcaceae. Igama elithi "Staphylococcus" lihunyushwa lisuka esiGrekini ngokuthi "isixha samagilebhisi". Kuma-smears anamabala ngaphansi kwe-microscope, lawa amagciwane ayindilinga (cocci) ahlelwe ngamaqembu futhi afana nezixha zamagilebhisi. Amalungu alo mndeni asakazwa kabanzi ngokwemvelo. - bangahlala emoyeni, enhlabathini, emanzini, futhi baphile esikhumbeni nasolwelwesini lwamafinyila ezilwane nabantu.

I-Staphylococci ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili kuye ngokukhiqizwa kwe-enzyme coagulase: i-coagulase-positive ne-coagulase-negative. I-Coagulase-positive yiqembu eliyingozi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile libangela izifo (lokhu kuhlanganisa i-Staphylococcus pseudointermediaus ne-Staphylococcus aureus). I-coagulase-negative staphylococci nayo ingadala izifo.

Emakati, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-staphylococci zingase zibe ezibalulekile: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (staphylococcus pseudointermedius), Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcus aureus), Staphylococcus schleiferi ssp (shuifer staphylococcus), Stapidermicus staphylococcus losus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus felis nabanye.

I-Staphylococcus pseudointermediaus i-commensal, okungukuthi, ingaphila emzimbeni wesilwane noma umuntu ngaphandle kokubangela izifo. Akuvamile kakhulu emakati. Ngokwezifundo eziqhubekayo, kusukela ku-6 kuya ku-22% wamakati anempilo abathwali be-staphylococcus pseudointermedius. Kakade esemncane, i-staphylococcus aureus kuma-kittens iqala ukoloni ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba: isibonelo, esikhumbeni nasolwelwesini lwamafinyila. Ukwenza ikoloni kungathatha impilo yonke. Iphesenti elincane kuphela lamakati ahlakulela isifo somtholampilo, lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga imbangela eyinhloko. - njengokuhlukumezeka kwesikhumba.

I-Staphylococcus pseudointermediaus ingaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ezingosomathuba. Izifo ezingosomathuba - lezi izifo ezingabangeli izifo emzimbeni onempilo, kodwa zingaba yingozi uma ukuzivikela komzimba kuncipha.

aocococcus akuyona into ethokozisayo kubantu nasezinjeni. I-Staphylococcus aureus emakati itholakala ku-20% wabantu. Imvamisa ihlukaniswa nesikhumba kanye nemisele yokuzwa yangaphandle. Ukusabalala okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-Staphylococcus aureus emakati anempilo kusikisela ukuthi kungase kube kuhle. Ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwe oluye lwabonisa ukuba khona kohlobo olufanayo lwe-Staphylococcus aureus ezinjeni nabanikazi bazo, okungase kubonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukudluliswa kwe-interspecific. Lezi zifundo azenziwanga namakati.

I-staphylococcus aureus nezinye izinhlobo ze-coagulase-positive staphylococci azivamile kakhulu emakati - kuya ku-2%.

I-coagulase-negative staphylococci ivame ukutholakala ezinjeni nasemakatini anempilo, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo. Indawo ye-staphylococci ehlukahlukene emakati ingahluka, kanti ezinye zenzeka endaweni ethile, ezinye - ezindaweni eziningi zomzimba. I-coagulase-negative staphylococcus ekati noma ekatini ngaphandle kwezimpawu zesifo ivame ukuhlukaniswa nesikhumba, ematheni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomgodi womlomo kanye nepheshana lezitho zangasese. Okuvame kakhulu i-staphylococcus felis, i-hemolytic staphylococcus engavamile kakhulu, i-staphylococcus epidermis, i-staphylococcus simulans, i-staphylococcus saprophyticus. Naphezu kokusakazeka kwamakholoni, izifo ezine-coagulase-negative staphylococci azivamile kakhulu.

I-staphylococci engamelana ne-Methicillin. I-Methicillin-resistant/resistant staphylococci (MRS) imelana nawo wonke ama-antibiotic e-β-lactam (ama-penicillin, i-cephalosporins, i-carbapenems) ngokukhiqiza iphrotheni ebopha i-penicillin eguquliwe.

I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engazweli i-Methicillin (MRSA) kanye ne-Staphylococcus pseudointermediaus (MRSP) engazweli i-methicillin ziba inkinga enkulu kwezokwelapha zezilwane. Ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-MRSP, okwamanje zimelana cishe nazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, okwenza ukuphathwa kwesifo somtholampilo ezihilelekile kuzo kube nzima kakhulu.

I-Colonization ne-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudointermedius ingafinyelela ku-1,2%, kodwa iyi-pathogen engosomathuba futhi ukoloni akuholeli ngempela ezifweni.

I-Staphylococcus aureus emelana ne-Methicillin manje isinikezwa ukunakwa okukhethekile njengesifo se-zoonotic. - isifo esingatheleleka kubantu. Kodwa akukho cwaningo lomtholampilo oluqinisekisile ukuthi i-staphylococcal colonization emakati noma izinja ingaba yisici esibalulekile ekusakazeni kwe-MRSA kubantu.

Ungakwazi yini ukuthola i-Staphylococcus aureus ekatini?

Okwamanje, alukho ucwaningo olulodwa olungafakazela ukuthi ikati lingaba umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka kwabantu nge-staphylococcal infection. Emithi, izici eziyinhloko zokutheleleka komuntu nge-staphylococcus, kuhlanganise ne-Staphylococcus aureus, zibhekwa njengokuncipha kokuzivikela: i-HIV, i-chemotherapy, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokuba khona kwamanxeba, kuhlanganise nokuhlinzwa. Ukunakwa okuningi kwezokwelapha kunikezwa i-staphylococcus njengesifo sasesibhedlela, okungukuthi ukutheleleka okungatholakala esikhungweni sezokwelapha esinezinga eliphansi lokubulala amagciwane.

Izinkinga ze-Staphylococcus aureus

Izifo ezibangelwa i-staphylococcus aureus emakati zihlala ziyingxenye yembangela eyinhloko. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kwenzeka ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba noma ukuhlaselwa ngama-parasites; ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo - ngokumelene nesizinda se-urolithiasis; ukutheleleka kwesistimu yokuphefumula - ngokumelene nesizinda sokutheleleka ngegciwane.

Amandla okuthi i-microorganism ibangele izifo ibizwa ngokuthi i-virulence factor. Isici esiyinhloko se-virulence ye-staphylococcus aureus - yikhono lokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. I-Staphylococci iphikelela emzimbeni, ilinde isikhathi lapho ingabangela izifo - isibonelo, lapho uhlukumeza izicubu noma unciphisa ukuzivikela komzimba.

Izici ze-Virulence zihlanganisa ikhono le-staphylococci ukukhiqiza ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene kanye nobuthi (ama-hemolysins, ama-proteases, ama-lipases, njll.). Ama-Enzyme kanye ne-toxins kwephula ubuqotho bezicubu, ngaleyo ndlela kube nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuvuvukala nokusiza i-staphylococci ukusebenzisa izicubu zomzimba ezilimele ukuze uthole ukudla okunomsoco.

Kwezinye izimo, i-staphylococci ingabangela izifo ezibulalayo ngokukhiqiza ubuthi obuthile. Isibonelo, ubuthi bokudla bungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi i-staphylococcus aureus ihlanganise i-enterotoxin ngenxa yokugcinwa okungalungile kokudla. Ukwakhiwa kwe-enterotoxin kunqunywa ukuba khona kofuzo oluthile ku-staphylococcus. Lesi sakhi sofuzo satholakala ezindaweni ezizimele ze-Staphylococcus aureus ne-Pseudointermedius. Izifo ezixhunyaniswa nama-staphylococcal enterotoxins azenzeki emakati nasezinjeni, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo azikwazi ukumelana ne-staphylococcal enterotoxins. I-Staphylococcus aureus ingakhipha ubuthi obukhiphayo obungabangela i-skin burn syndrome kanye ne-toxic shock syndrome. Ubuthi obufanayo bungatholakala ku-Staphylococcus pseudointermedius.

I-Staphylococcus aureus emazinyaneni

I-Staphylococcus kuma-kittens, kanye namakati amadala, ingakhula okwesibili ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo esiyisisekelo. Uma ikati lomama lingumthwali we-staphylococci ethile, khona-ke ekunakekeleni ama-kittens, uzowadlulisela kubo. Uma amakati enempilo, ukutheleleka nge-staph ngeke kube yingozi kuwo. Ukuhlukumezeka ekuzalweni, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okokwenziwa, ukondla okungenakulinganisela, ukuhlasela kwezimuncagazi - konke lokhu kuzoba yisizathu sokuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kwe-staph kumakati.

Izimpawu

I-Staphylococcus aureus emakati idlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezingosomathuba - kusuka ku-pyoderma engaphandle (ukuvuvukala kwebhaktheriya yesikhumba) kuya ezifweni ezijulile zesistimu. Izifo ezingosomathuba zibangelwa ama-microorganisms angeke abangele isifo esilwaneni esinempilo, kodwa abonakaliswa ukuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba noma okwesibili kwesifo esivele sikhona noma ukulimala. Ukuncipha kwesimo sokuzivikela ekati singenzeka ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (i-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), i-feline leukemia virus (FLV) noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ze-immunosuppressive.

I-Pseudointermedius staphylococcus ekatini noma ekati ngokuvamile ibangela izifo zesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, kungabangela izifo zokuhlinzwa, isifo samathambo, i-osteomyelitis, ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ithumba lesibindi, i-peritonitis, nezifo zamehlo. Amagciwane angahluka ngobukhulu - kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya esindayo.

I-Staphylococcus aureus emakati ingase ingabonakali ku-Staphylococcus pseudointermediaus ekwethulweni nasekuqineni.

I-Staphylococcus aureus shelfer ivame ukuvela emakatini ane-pyoderma (ukutheleleka kwesikhumba) kanye ne-otitis yangaphandle. Ngokuvamile, izifo zingase zenzeke kwezinye izindawo: i-genitourinary noma izinhlelo zokuphefumula. Ukutheleleka okuyinhloko nge-coagulase-negative staphylococci akuvamile kakhulu. Phakathi kwe-staphylococci yaleli qembu, i-Staphylococcus felis idinga ukunakwa. Ngokutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, kuvame ukutholakala. Ngakho-ke, i-Staphylococcus felis ingaba yi-pathogen eyinhloko.

Azikho izimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo zokutheleleka kwe-staphylococcus emakati. Izimpawu zesifo zizohlotshaniswa ngqo nokulimala kwesitho noma uhlelo lwesitho. Ezifweni zesikhumba, lezi zizoba izilonda zesikhumba ezigugulekayo noma ezinezilonda ezihambisana nokulahlekelwa izinwele ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ngokutheleleka okujulile kwesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba, amathumba azokwakheka. Uma uhlelo lokuphefumula luthinteka, sizobona ukukhishwa kwe-mucous, i-purulent ekhaleni noma ukukhwehlela. Ngokuvuvukala kwesimiso somchamo, izimpawu ze-cystitis zizovela: ukuchama kaningi futhi okubuhlungu, ukuguquguquka nokubonakala komchamo. Ngokutheleleka okunzima, okujulile futhi okubanzi, izimpawu ezingezona eziqondile zizovela: ukwenqaba ukudla, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala.

Ngingathanda ukuphawula ngokwehlukana ukuthi amagciwane, kuhlanganise ne-staphylococcal, izifo zesikhumba emakati zihlala ziyingxenye yesifo esiyisisekelo. Lokhu kungase kube ukungezwani komzimba noma ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane, ukulimala kwesikhumba okutholwe, isibonelo, kwezinye izilwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, singabona izimpawu zesifo esihambisanayo - isibonelo, indle yamazeze evela ekuthelelekeni ngamazeze.

Diagnostics

Ngokutheleleka kwe-staphylococcal, njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, azikho izimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cytological of smear stained kungase kwembule ukuba khona kokuvuvukala kwe-septic.

Kodwa ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwenziwa kuphela ngesiko le-bacteriological. - ukutholwa kwesiko le-bacteriological kusukela ekugxilweni okuthintekile. Ukuchazwa kwemiphumela etholiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha, ikakhulukazi uma kutholwa izifanekiso eziqoqwe kumasayithi angewona amagciwane njengesikhumba noma umgudu wokuphefumula. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ama-staphylococci amaningi ekuqaleni angama-commensals futhi angangena ezintweni eziqoqwe ngengozi, impahla yokuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological kufanele ikhethwe ngokucophelela, ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwamasampula. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zocwaningo lwe-bacteriological - lokhu ukuhlola amasampula atholiwe ukuzwela ama-antibiotics. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic azocindezela i-staph futhi angeke asebenze. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezimelana ne-methicillin.

Ukwelashwa kwe-staphylococcus emakati

Ukwelashwa kwe-staph ekatini kuzoncika ekujuleni kwesilonda, inani lezicubu ezithintekile, kanye nendawo yegciwane.

Isu lokwelapha elijwayelekile liyafana.

I-Systemic therapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-staphylococcus aureus emakati. - ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics. Ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kufanele kukhethwe ngokufanelekile ngokusekelwe kusiko le-bacteriological. Njengoba kunikezwe inkinga yokuvela kwe-staphylococci engamelana ne-methicillin, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Ukungalawuleki, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-antibiotic - umthamo onganele, inkambo encane, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-antibiotic ahlukene - kuholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo ze-staphylococcus aureus ezimelana nama-antibiotic emakati, izinja, ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nabantu.

Ukwelashwa kwendawo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlanza izicubu ezonakalisiwe zokungcola namaseli afile nokuletha ama-antibiotics kanye nama-antiseptics ngqo endaweni yokutheleleka. Ekwelapheni isikhumba, ama-shampoos e-antibacterial, ukugeza, ama-lotions, ama-creams namafutha okugcoba asetshenziswa. Okwesifo samathambo - imijovo ye-intraarticular. Nge-otitis media - amaconsi kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezindlebeni.

Ikhono lokusebenzisa i-antibiotic ngqo ekugxilweni kokutheleleka kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa kakhulu ukugxila kwayo kokwelapha futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukusebenza kwayo. Ukwelashwa kwendawo kubaluleke kakhulu ezicutshini lapho kunzima ukufeza ukugcwala okudingekile kwe-antibiotic ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Isibonelo esihle singaba ukwelashwa kwe-otitis yangaphandle: i-antibiotic iyingxenye yamaconsi endlebe futhi ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ekugxilweni kokuvuvukala, okusebenza kakhulu kunokwelashwa kwe-systemic.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological kanye nokushintshwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane elabhorethri, kusetshenziswa imithamo ejwayelekile yama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ekwelapheni kwesistimu. Ngokwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-antibiotic izikhathi eziningana, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukufa kwe-staphylococci, okuthi ocwaningweni lwaselabhorethri kubonise ukumelana kwabo. Futhi, ukwelashwa kwendawo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-antiseptics. - izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesistimu, njenge-chlorhexidine, i-povidone-iodine, i-benzoyl peroxide, isiliva sulfadiazine, i-mupirocin, njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mithi kubaluleke kakhulu uma sibhekene ne-MRSA ekati noma ikati lapho ukwelashwa kwe-systemic kunomkhawulo. .

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze welaphe isifo se-staph. - isibonelo, ekwelapheni amathumba. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, izicubu ze-necrotic ziyasuswa, ama-drain afakwe ukuze avumele ukuphuma kwe-exudate nokufinyelela ekuphathweni kwe-antiseptics namafutha okugcoba.

Ngezifo ezijulile nezibanzi, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuyadingeka: ukwelashwa kwe-infusion, ama-painkillers nama-antipyretics.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela kumayelana nokugcina impilo ejwayelekile yekati. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela le mihlahlandlela elula:

• Ukudla okunomsoco okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokulinganisela;
• Ukwenza izinqubo zokuvimbela: ukugoma ngonyaka, ukwelashwa okuvamile ngokumelene ne-endo- kanye ne-ectoparasites;
• Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zokungakhululeki kwekati (ukukhathala, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuchama, izilonda zesikhumba), kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngesikhathi esifanele.

I-athikili ayikona ukubizela esenzweni!

Ukuze uthole ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwenkinga, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.

Buza udokotela wezilwane

3 September 2020

Kubuyekezwe: 21 May 2022