Izinyoka: izici zazo, indlela yazo yokuphila nokuthi zingazala kanjani

Izinyoka zilandelana ngamaxolo. Ezinye zazo zinobuthi, kodwa eziningi azinabo ubuthi. Izinyoka zisebenzisa ubuthi ekuzingeleni, kodwa hhayi ukuzivikela. Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi ushevu wabanye abantu ungambulala umuntu. Izinyoka ezingenabo ubuthi zisebenzisa ukuklinya ukuze zibulale inyamazane, noma zigwinye ukudla kuphelele. Isilinganiso sobude benyoka imitha eyodwa, kodwa kukhona abantu abangaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-10 nangaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-6.

Isatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, i-Ireland ne-New Zealand.

ukubukeka

Umzimba omude, awunazitho. Kulezibankwa ezingenamilenze, izinyoka zihlukaniswa ngokuhlangana okunyakazayo kwemihlathi, okuzivumela ukuthi zigwinye ukudla kuphelele. Izinyoka nazo ibhande lasehlombe elilahlekile.

Umzimba wonke wenyoka ugcwele amazenga. Eceleni kwesisu, isikhumba sihlukile kancane - siguqulelwe ukunamathela okungcono ebusweni, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi inyoka ihambe.

Ukuchithwa (ukushintsha kwesikhumba) kwenzeka ezinyoka izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka phakathi nokuphila kwazo. Ishintsha ngomzuzwana owodwa futhi isendlalelo esisodwa. Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, inyoka ibheka indawo ecashile. Umbono wenyoka ngalesi sikhathi uba namafu kakhulu. Isikhumba esidala siqhuma emlonyeni bese sihlukana nongqimba olusha. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, inyoka iyaphinda ibone, futhi iphuma esikhaleni sayo esidala.

i-snake moult iwusizo kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:

• Amaseli esikhumba amadala ayashintsha;
• Ngakho inyoka isusa amagciwane esikhumba (isibonelo, imikhaza);
• Isikhumba senyoka sisetshenziswa abantu kwezokwelapha ukwenza izimila zokwenziwa.

Ukwakheka

Inani elikhulu ngokuhlukile lama-vertebrae, inani lawo elifinyelela ku-450. I-sternum nesifuba azikho, lapho ugwinya ukudla, izimbambo zenyoka ziyahlukana.

Amathambo ogebhezi enyakaza ehlobene. Izingxenye ezimbili zomhlathi ongezansi zixhunywe ngokunwebeka. Uhlelo lwamathambo ahlanganisiwe luvumela umlomo ukuthi uvuleke kakhulu ukuze ugwinye inyamazane enkulu ngokwanele iphelele. Izinyoka zivame ukugwinya inyamazane yazo, okungaba ukujiya izikhathi eziningana umzimba wenyoka.

Amazinyo mancane kakhulu futhi abukhali. Kubantu abanobuthi, amazinyo anobuthi amakhulu nagobe ngemuva atholakala emhlathini ongenhla. Emazinyweni anjalo kunomgudu okuthi lapho elunywa, kungene ubuthi emzimbeni womuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Kwezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi, amazinyo anjalo afinyelela ubude obungama-5 cm.

Izitho zangaphakathi

Yiba nomumo omude futhi ziyi-asymmetric. Kubantu abaningi, iphaphu elingakwesokudla lithuthuke kakhulu noma elesobunxele alikho ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinyoka zinephaphu loqhoqhoqho.

Inhliziyo itholakala esikhwameni senhliziyo. Ayikho i-diaphragm, evumela inhliziyo ukuthi ihambe ngokukhululeka, ibaleke ekulimaleni okungenzeka.

I-spleen ne-gallbladder isebenza ukuhlunga igazi. Ama-lymph nodes awekho.

Umminzo unamandla kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuphusha ukudla esiswini bese ungena emathunjini amafushane.

Abesifazane banekamelo lamaqanda elisebenza njenge-incubator. Igcina izinga lomswakama emaqandeni futhi iqinisekise ukushintshaniswa kwegesi yombungu.

Imizwa

• iphunga

Ukuze uhlukanise phakathi kwephunga, kusetshenziswe ulimi oluyimfoloko, oludlulisela iphunga emlonyeni womlomo ukuze kuhlaziywe. Ulimi luhlala lunyakaza, luthatha izinhlayiya zendawo ukuze kube isampula. Ngale ndlela, inyoka ingakwazi ukubona inyamazane futhi inqume indawo yayo. Ezinyokani zamanzi, ulimi luthatha izinhlayiya zephunga ngisho nasemanzini.

• Umbono

Inhloso eyinhloko yombono ukuhlukanisa ukunyakaza. Yize abanye abantu benamandla okuthola isithombe esibukhali futhi babone kahle ebumnyameni.

• Ukuzwela kokushisayo nokudlidliza

Isitho sokuzwela ukushisa sithuthukiswe kakhulu. Izinyoka zizwa ukushisa okukhishwa yizilwane ezincelisayo. Abanye abantu banama-thermolocators anquma isiqondiso somthombo wokushisa.

Ukudlidliza komhlaba nemisindo kuhlukaniswa ngebanga elincane lamafrikhwensi. Izingxenye zomzimba ezixhumene nendawo zizwela kakhulu ekudlidlizeni. Leli elinye ikhono elisiza ngokulandelela inyamazane noma ukuxwayisa inyoka ngengozi.

Ukuphila

Izinyoka zisakazwa cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwendawo yase-Antarctica. Isebenza kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo: e-Asia, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika.

Ezinyoka, isimo sezulu esishisayo singcono, kodwa izimo zingahluka - amahlathi, ama-steppes, izingwadule nezintaba.

Iningi labantu lihlala phansi, kodwa abanye baye bazi kahle indawo yamanzi. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba nasezihlahleni.

Uma kubanda kubanda, zilala ebusika.

Ukudla

Izinyoka ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Zidla izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Kokubili ezincane nezinkulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha uhlobo olulodwa lokudla kuphela. Isibonelo, amaqanda ezinyoni noma i-crayfish.

Abantu abangenabo ubuthi bagwinya inyamazane iphila noma bayincishe umoya ngaphambi kokuyidla. Izinyoka ezinobuthi zisebenzisa ubuthi ukubulala.

Ukukhiqiza

Iningi labantu lizala ngokubekela amaqanda. Kodwa abanye abantu bangama-ovoviviparous noma bangazala bukhoma.

Zizala kanjani izinyoka?

Insikazi ibheka indawo yokuzalela ezovikeleka ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, ukushisa kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngokuvamile, isidleke siba indawo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo.

Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-100 (ikakhulukazi izinhlwathi ezinkulu). Ezimweni eziningi, inani lamaqanda alidluli ku-15. Isikhathi esiqondile sokukhulelwa asikabonakali: abesifazane bangagcina isidoda esiphilayo iminyaka eminingana, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuncike ezimweni namazinga okushisa.

Bobabili abazali baqapha i-clutch, besabisa izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi bafudumale amaqanda ngokufudumala kwawo. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme likhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo.

Izinyoka ezincane zivame ukuvela emaqandeni, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka ziyi-viviparous. Uma isikhathi sokufukamela sisifushane kakhulu, izingane zichanyuselwa emaqandeni ngaphakathi komzimba kamama. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ovoviviparity. Futhi kwabanye abantu, esikhundleni segobolondo, kwakheka i-placenta, lapho umbungu wondliwa futhi ugcwele umoya-mpilo namanzi. Izinyoka ezinjalo azibeki amaqanda, ziyakwazi ukuzala izingane eziphila ngokushesha.

Kusukela ekuzalweni, abantwana bezinyoka bayakwazi ukuzimela. Abazali abazivikeli futhi abadli ngisho nokuzondla. Ngenxa yalokhu, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abasindayo.