Amaprotheni ekudleni kwehhashi

Amaprotheni ekudleni kwehhashi

Ngemuva kwamanzi, amaprotheni ayinto eningi kakhulu emzimbeni wehhashi, kusukela ebuchosheni kuya ezinselweni. Amaprotheni angaphezulu kwesisindo somzimba. Lawa ama-enzyme, amasosha omzimba, i-DNA/RNA, i-hemoglobin, ama-cell receptors, ama-cytokines, amahomoni amaningi, izicubu ezixhumeneyo. Akudingekile ukusho, amaprotheni (aka amaprotheni) ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokudla.

Ukwakheka kwengqamuzana lamaprotheni kuyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi kuyamangaza ukuthi ligaywa kanjani nhlobo. Ibhola ngalinye elinemibala esithombeni liwuchungechunge lwama-amino acid. Amaketanga axhunywe komunye nomunye ngezibopho ezithile zamakhemikhali, ezakha ukulandelana nokuma kwe-molecule yokugcina. Iphrotheni ngayinye inesethi yayo yama-amino acid kanye nokulandelana kwayo okuyingqayizivele kwalawa ma-amino acid kanye nesimo lapho agcina esonteke ngakho.

Ama-molecule amaprotheni aqala "ukucubungula" okuyisisekelo kakade esiswini - ngaphansi kwesenzo sejusi yesisu, i-molecule iyakhululeka, futhi ezinye izibopho phakathi kwamaketanga e-amino acid nazo ziphukile (okubizwa ngokuthi "i-denaturation" kwenzeka). Ngaphezu kwalokho emathunjini amancane, amaketango avelayo ama-amino acid, ngaphansi kwethonya le-protease enzyme evela kumanyikwe, ahlukaniswa abe ama-amino acid ngamanye, ama-molecule awo asevele mancane ngokwanele ukudlula odongeni lwamathumbu futhi angene emathunjini. igazi. Uma esengenile, ama-amino acid abuye ahlanganiswe abe amaprotheni adingwa ihhashi. ————— Ngizohlehla kancane: muva nje kukhona abakhiqizi bokuphakelayo abathi iphrotheni elisesiphakelini sabo ayicutshungulwanga nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi ngenxa yalokho ayishintshiwe futhi igcina umsebenzi wayo webhayoloji, ngokungafani nokudla kwezimbangi, lapho amaprotheni ayakhishwa futhi alahlekelwe umsebenzi wawo wezinto eziphilayo kule nqubo. ukucubungula okushisayo noma okunye. Izitatimende ezinjalo azilutho ngaphandle kweqhinga lokumaketha! Okokuqala, ukungena emgudwini wamathumbu, noma iyiphi iphrotheni ikhishwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho i-molecule enkulu yeprotheni ayikwazi ukumuncwa egazini ngokusebenzisa izindonga zamathumbu. Uma iphrotheni isivele i-denatured, ishesha nje kugaywe, ngoba ungakwazi ukweqa isinyathelo sokuqala. Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi webhayoloji, kubhekiselwa emisebenzini eyenziwa iphrotheni ethile emzimbeni. Mayelana nehhashi, umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo wamaprotheni ezitshalo (isibonelo, i-photosynthesis) awudingeki kakhulu kuye. Umzimba ngokwawo uhlanganisa amaprotheni avela kuma-amino acid angawodwana nomsebenzi webhayoloji odingekayo kulo mzimba.

—————— Amaprotheni angenaso isikhathi sokugaywa emathunjini amancane angena emathunjini angemuva, futhi lapho, nakuba ekwazi ukondla i-microflora yendawo, asuke engasenamsebenzi ngokuphelele emzimbeni wehhashi (kusuka lapho angakwazi kuphela ukuqinisa i-microflora yendawo). qhubekela ekuphumeni). Isifo sohudo singaba nomphumela ongemuhle.

Umzimba uhlala uphula amaprotheni akhona futhi uhlanganise amasha. Kule nqubo, amanye ama-amino acid akhiqizwa kwamanye akhona, amanye angadingekile okwamanje ayasuswa emzimbeni, ngoba ikhono lokugcina amaprotheni esikhathini esizayo alikho ehhashi (kanye nanoma iyiphi enye, mhlawumbe) ephilayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-amino acid ayikhishwa ngokuphelele. Iqembu le-amino eliqukethe i-nitrogen lihlukanisiwe nalo - likhishwa, lidlule endleleni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuguqulwa, ngendlela ye-urea ngomchamo. Iqembu elisele le-carboxyl liyagcinwa futhi lingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amandla, nakuba le ndlela yokuthola amandla iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idla amandla.

Kwenzeka okufanayo ngama-amino acid engeziwe avela ekudleni okunamaprotheni. Uma zikwazile ukugaywa futhi zimuncwe egazini, kodwa umzimba awuzidingi okwamanje, i-nitrogen iyahlukaniswa futhi ikhishwe emchamweni, kanti ingxenye yekhabhoni esele ingena ezindaweni ezigciniwe, ngokuvamile amafutha. Indawo yokudayisa iphunga elinamandla e-ammonia, futhi ihhashi liyakwandisa ukungenisa kwalo amanzi (umchamo kufanele wenziwe ngokuthile!)

Lokhu okungenhla kusiletha embuzweni wokungagcini nje ngobuningi, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yamaprotheni. Izinga elikahle lamaprotheni ilelo lapho wonke ama-amino acid esesilinganisweni esifanayo lapho umzimba uwadinga khona.

Kunezinkinga ezimbili lapha. Okokuqala: akukaziwa kahle ukuthi le mali iyini, izoshintsha kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo somzimba. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, isilinganiso sama-amino acid emisipha yehhashi (nakuma-mares lactating - nasobisini) sithathwa njengento ekahle, ngoba imisipha iseyinqwaba yamaprotheni. Kuze kube manje, isidingo esiphelele se-lysine siphenywe ngokunembile kakhulu noma ngaphansi, ngakho-ke sijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lysine ibhekwa njengomkhawulo oyinhloko we-amino acid. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukudla kaningi kuqukethe i-lysine encane kunaleyo edingekayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-amino acid. Okusho ukuthi, ngisho noma inani eliphelele lamaprotheni livamile, umzimba uzokwazi ukulisebenzisa kuphela uma une-lysine eyanele. Lapho i-lysine isiphelile, ama-amino acid asele awakwazi ukusetshenziswa futhi ayomosha.

I-Threonine ne-methionine nazo zibhekwa njengomkhawulo. Yingakho lobu zintathu buvame ukubonakala ekugqokeni.

Ngobuningi, amaprotheni angahluziwe noma amaprotheni agayekayo ajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, iphrotheni engahluziwe evame ukukhonjiswa ekudleni (kulula ukuyibala), ngakho-ke kulula ukwakha phezu kwemithetho yeprotheyini engahluziwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi amaprotheni aluhlaza abalwa ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen. Kulula kakhulu - babala yonke i-nitrogen, base bephindaphinda nge-coefficient ethile futhi bathola amaprotheni aluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, le fomula ayikunaki ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezingezona amaprotheni ze-nitrogen, ngakho-ke ayinembile ngokuphelele.

Noma kunjalo, lapho ubeka izindinganiso zamaprotheni angcolile, ukugaya kwawo kuyacatshangelwa (kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungama-50%), ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa lezi zindinganiso ngokugcwele, ukhumbula, noma kunjalo, mayelana nekhwalithi yamaprotheni!

Uma unaka okuqukethwe kwezakhi kokuphakelayo (isb. kwilebula esikhwameni se-muesli), bese ukhumbula ukuthi kwenzeka ngezindlela zombili, futhi akufanele uqhathanise okungenakuqhathaniswa.

Izingxabano eziningi zibangelwa ukweqisa kwamaprotheni ekudleni. Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi “ubuthi bamaprotheni” bubangela i-laminitis. Manje sekufakazelwe ukuthi lokhu kuyinganekwane, futhi amaprotheni awahlangene nhlobo ne-laminitis. Noma kunjalo, abaphikisi bamaprotheni abadikibali futhi baphikisa ngokuthi amaprotheni amaningi athinta kabi izinso (ngoba baphoqeleka ukukhipha i-nitrogen eyeqile) nesibindi (ngoba iguqula i-ammonia enobuthi ibe i-urea engeyona enobuthi).

Kodwa-ke, odokotela bezilwane kanye nezazi zezokudla abafunda amaprotheni metabolism bathi lokhu kuyinganekwane, nokuthi azikho izehlakalo ezinokwethenjelwa zezinkinga zezinso emlandweni wezilwane ngenxa yamaprotheni amaningi ekudleni. Okunye uma izinso sezinenkinga. Khona-ke amaprotheni ekudleni kufanele anikezwe ngokuqinile ukuze angawalayishi.

Ngeke ngiphikise ukuthi ukweqisa okunamandla kwamaprotheni akunangozi ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, kukhona izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi inani elikhulayo lamaprotheni ekudleni liholela ekwandeni kwe-acidity yegazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Futhi nakuba ucwaningo lungasho lutho ngemiphumela yokwanda kwe-acidity yegazi, empeleni lokhu akukuhle kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi into enjengokuthi "ama-protein bumps". Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile lezi zinhlayiya azihlangene nokudla. Kuyaqabukela, ukungezwani nephrotheni ethile kungenzeka, kodwa lokhu kuzoba inkinga yomuntu ngamunye.

Futhi ekuphetheni, ngifuna ukusho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ku-biochemistry yegazi kukhona into enjengokuthi "Ingqikithi yamaprotheni". Nakuba ingqikithi yamaprotheni okufundwa ngaphansi kwalokhu okuhlosiwe kungaba (nakuba kungenjalo) kube inkomba yokunganele kwamaprotheni okudla, isamba sephrotheni esingaphezu kwesivamile asihlangene nenani leprotheyini ekudleni! Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuba nenani eliphelele lamaprotheni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni! Ukweqisa kweprotheyini yangempela ekudleni kungahlulelwa ngokungaqondile ngenani le-urea egazini, sekukhishwe ngaphambilini, futhi, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nezinkinga zezinso!

Ekaterina Lomeiko (Sara).

Imibuzo nokuphawula mayelana nalesi sihloko kungashiywa ngaphakathi iposi lebhulogi umbhali.