Izimuncagazi zopholi nezinye izinkukhu

Izimuncagazi zangaphandle

Abadla iDowny

Abadla phansi umndeni wezinambuzane ezincane ezingenamaphiko eziwuhlelo lwe-Phthiraptera, ngaphandle ezifana nentwala, ezinomzimba onsundu oyisicaba nobude obungu-1-3 mm ubude no-0,3 mm ububanzi, izidladla ezinezinzipho. Babangela i-mallophagosis yesifo. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho inyoni ethelelekile ihlangana nenempilo, kanye nangezinto ezivamile zezinyoni - ama-perches, feeders, izidleke, izicathulo zokugeza kanye nesihlabathi sokugeza. Abadla i-Downy badla phansi nezimpaphe, izinhlayiya zesikhumba senyoni. Izimpawu zokutheleleka zihlanganisa ukukhathazeka, ukulunywa, ukungakuthandi ukudla kanye nesisindo somzimba, ukubonakala kwezindawo ezinempandla emzimbeni, ama-crusts esikhumbeni angase avele, futhi ulwelwesi lwamehlo luvame ukuvuvuka. Ukunciphisa ukuzivikela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Ipeni libukeka lingenampilo, lilimele, libuthuntu futhi linezimbobo ezincane lapho libhekwa eduze. Ungabona izinambuzane ezihambayo namaqoqo amaqanda azo ayindilinga phansi kophaphe ngokukhulisa okuncane ngengilazi ekhulisayo.

I-Knemidocoptosis

Ukhwekhwe lwezinyoni zokuhlobisa ezibangelwa izibungu zohlobo lwe-Knemidokoptes. Imikhaza iququda emihubheni eminingi ngaphansi kwesikhumba namazenga ezidladla zawo. Inyoni inovalo, iyaluma futhi ikhiphe izimpaphe zayo. Isikhumba siyavuvukala, sibe namaqhuqhuva. Izikali ezidladleni zikhuphuka, zishintsha umbala, zikhuphuke, i-necrosis ye-phalanges yeminwe ingenzeka. I-wax nendawo ezungeze amehlo ingakhula, ishintshe umbala nokuthungwa, uqhwaku lukhubazekile. Ukutheleleka kwenyoni enempilo kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo nenyoni enegciwane noma ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo, lapho imikhaza ingawela khona. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, i-microscopy ye-scrapings yenziwa.

I-Syringophiliasis

I-Sternostomosis

I-ejenti eyimbangela yi-tracheal mite sternostoma tracheacolum 0,2-0,3 mm. ububanzi futhi 0,4-0,6 mm. ubude. I-tracheal mite ihlasela ama-air sacs, amaphaphu, i-bronchi, i-trachea, ngezinye izikhathi ingatholakala ngisho nasemigodini yamathambo.

Ihlasela kakhulu izinyoni ezincane - ama-finches, astrild, canaries, ama-parrots amancane, ikakhulukazi amancane, asakazwa ngamaconsi ahamba emoyeni kanye nokudla namanzi. Inyoni iyeka ukucula, iyakhukhumala, iyancipha, inyakaza njalo ukugwinya, ukuthimula nokukhwehlela, ihefuze ngoqhwaku oluvulekile. Isibungu sibangela ukuvuvukala, ukuvinjwa kwendlela yokuphefumula, ukulimala kanye nemihuzuko endaweni yokuphefumula ephezulu okuholela kunyumoniya nokufa kwenyoni. Ngezinga eliphansi lokuhlasela, lesi sifo asibonakali.

Amaza

Amazeze ezinyoni ezifuywa ekhaya awavamile. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, amazeze (inkukhu, idada kanye ne-pigeon flea) angalethwa nesilwane esisha, ukudla okuvela ezimakethe ezivulekile, kanye nasezicathulweni noma ezingutsheni. Amazeze ezinyoni (Ceratophyllus gallinae) ahluka kancane kumazeze ekati nawenja. Izinyoni zisho ukulunywa, kuvela izindawo ezinesikhumba esijiyile esibomvu, izinyoni aziphumuli, zingahlwitha izimpaphe. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-anemia iqala. Amazeze nawo ayingozi ngoba angabathwali bezifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo kanye ne-helminths.

izimuncagazi zangaphakathi

I-helminths

Zombili izinyoni ezihlobisayo nezikhiqizayo zibulawa yizimuncagazi ngamaqembu e-helminths njenge-cestodes (tapeworms), i-nematodes (izikelemu eziyindilinga) kanye nezikelemu ezine-filamentous worms. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ibutho eliphakathi, izinambuzane ezimunca igazi, noma ngezinto ezingcolile, amanzi, ukudla, ukuphatha. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokugula ezinyonini ezisemgwaqweni noma kuvulandi, njengoba kunethuba elikhulu lokuxhumana nezinyoni zasendle.

• Ama-Helminths ahlala emgudwini wamathumbu (cestodes Triuterina, Biporouterina, Railietina, nematodes Ascaridia, Ascarops, Capillaria, Heterakis, Ascarops): ukukhathala, ukuma okungezona kwemvelo, ukunciphisa noma ukuhlanekezela ukudla, isisu esikhukhumele, ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokugaya, ukuwohloka kokuqina kokugaya. , amafinyila negazi kudoti.
• I-Helminths ehlala esibindini (ama-flukes omndeni wakwaDicrocoeda): isibindi esikhulisiwe, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukubola, i-anemia.
• Ama-parasites athile athinta izinso zopholi (ama-flukes of the genus Paratanaisia) aholela ekubonakalisweni kwezimpawu ze-nephropathy ezinyoni: ukuqhwala, i-polyuria (ukwanda kwenani lamanzi ebulongwe), ukukhathala, i-paresis noma ukukhubazeka kokukodwa noma kokubili. imilenze.
• I-helminths ehlala ezithweni zokuphefumula (Syngamus spp.): ukwenqaba ukudla, ukukhathala, izimpaphe eziphukile, ukukhwehlela.
• Izikelemu ezikhula emehlweni (i-nematodes i-Thelazia, i-Oxispirura, i-Ceratospira, i-Annulospira) ingase ibonakale "ngeso lenyama", kodwa ngokuvamile inyoni iba ne-conjunctivitis, i-blepharitis, isikhumba samajwabu amehlo siphenduka sibe bomvu futhi sivuvuke, inyoni iyesaba. ukukhanya okukhanyayo, squints amehlo ayo, azungeze amehlo angawa out izimpaphe.
• Izimuncagazi ezihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba (Pelicitus spp.) ziholela ekubonakaleni kwamaqhubu athambile abonakalayo azungeze amalunga. Ukuxilonga nokusungula uhlobo lwe-helminth, kwenziwa ucwaningo lwendle.
• Ngenani elincane lama-parasites, izimpawu ze-helminthiasis kupholi zingase zingabi khona.

I-Giardiasis, i-histomanosis, i-coccidiosis, i-chlamydia, i-rickettsiosis

Izifo zibangelwa i-protozoa. Amathumbu, isibindi nezinye izitho zangaphakathi ziyathinteka. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukushintsha kombala nokuthungwa kwendle, okungenzeka ukuthi iqukethe igazi namafinyila. Inyoni ibukeka ikhathele, idangele, ingase yenqabe ukudla namanzi. Kukhona ukubonakaliswa okuvela ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye namehlo, ukubonakala kwemfihlo, ukuvuvukala, ukuthunga. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba kuvame ukurekhodwa. Ngokuvamile, izinyoni zingama-degree angu-40-42. Ingozi yokufa iphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezisencane, ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi zenyoni. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo se-microscopy yesitulo, izimpawu zomtholampilo, ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu se-postmortem uma kwenzeka ukufa. Okuyingozi kubantu yi-chlamydia, rickettsia kanye ne-giardia.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-parasite

Ukwelashwa okuqondile kuhloswe ukubhubhisa i-parasite, yingakho kubalulekile ukucacisa uhlobo lwezinambuzane. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokucophelela. Ukulandela izincomo ze-ornithologist. Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwento esebenzayo kungabulala inyoni. Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-ectoparasites, kunezixazululo ezihlukahlukene ngendlela ye-emulsion, i-spray noma i-powder. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, kuyadingeka ukuvikela amehlo ekutholeni umkhiqizo, lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-cap cap. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, ungasebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-Neostomozan ehlanjululwe, namalungiselelo asekelwe ku-fipronil, i-deltamethrin, i-ivermectin, i-moxidectin, i-aversectin wamafutha, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Okokuqala, kutuswa ukuthi uhlole ukusabela kwenyoni ngokufaka umkhiqizo endaweni encane enezimpaphe eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-XNUMX nesikhumba, uma konke kuhlelekile, khona-ke kungelashwa ngokuphelele, ukuze kugwenywe ubuthi, amalungiselelo. zisetshenziswa nge-cotton pad, induku noma ibhulashi ngaphansi kwezimpaphe, esikhumbeni. Isidakamizwa esiphephile i-Beaphar spray kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-permetrin, ukuze kuphephe kakhulu, umuthi usetshenziswa ngebhulashi elithambile ngaphansi kwezimpaphe. phinda inqubo ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuvikela nokwelapha izinkukhu ezivela ku-helminths ne-protozoa, amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi asekelwe ku-praziquantel, i-fenbendazole, i-levomisole, ne-ivermectin isetshenziswa. Udokotela wezinyoni ukhetha umthamo ngamunye ngokusekelwe esisindweni somzimba kanye nohlobo lwezimuncagazi, futhi unikeze izincomo ngokusetshenziswa komuthi othile. Ngokuvamile, izimali zamakati nezinja zisetshenziswa kumthamo othile.

Prevention

Akunakwenzeka ukudala izimo eziyinyumba ukuze izinyoni zokuhlobisa ziphile, kodwa kuyalulekwa ukulandela izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Kudingekile ukwenza i-disinfection evamile yamaseli ngezixazululo futhi umane ushise ngamanzi abilayo. Izinyoni ezintsha kufanele zihlaliswe zodwa ekhejini eliseceleni kude nelikhulu futhi ukwelashwa kokuvikela ezilwanyaneni zangaphandle nezangaphakathi kufanele kwenziwe. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokudla, amanzi, amagatsha nokunye ukwelapha, kanye nezinye izinyoni, kuhlanganise nezilwane zasendle. Kufanele futhi unikeze inyoni ngekheji elibanzi noma i-aviary, uyihlanze njalo, ubeke amanzi ezitsheni zokuphuza namakamelo okugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile okungenani kanye ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2, futhi uyondle ngokudla kwekhwalithi.