Indlela yokunquma uhlobo lwenja

Zalisa, i-phenotype, i-mestizo noma "isikhulu" - ubani emhlabeni wezinja

Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sokuhlanzeka kwesilwane wuzalo lwaso. Ngaphandle kwayo, noma iyiphi inja, ngisho noma ingena ngokugcwele ezindinganisweni zezinhlangano ze-cynological, ayinalo ilungelo lokuzalanisa isimo.

I-Pedigree - ikhadi lapho kuphawulwe khona ulwazi olulandelayo: iziteketiso zomdlwane nabazali bakhe, zibonisa izihloko nezilinganiso ezitholwa abakhiqizi bemfucuza phakathi nokuphila kwabo, ubulili kanye nosuku lokuzalwa komdlwane, ukucwaswa, iziteketiso zamadlozi (ubuncane obungu-3 izizukulwane).

Akufanele futhi ukurekhoda inja ngaphandle kozalo njenge-pooch, ngoba ezifuyweni ezifuywayo ezinezinga elifanele (futhi ngezinye izikhathi elifanelekile) ngaphandle, abafuyi banegama elihlukile - i-phenotype. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesilwane esifuywayo se-phenotypic kanye nesilwane sozalo imibhalo engahlelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inja ingaba namadlozi afanelekile ngokwezizukulwane zofuzo, kodwa ngesizathu esithile awazange aboniswe futhi awazange athole ilungelo lokuzala.

Imidlwane ezalwa ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene i-mestizos. Kunezigatshana ezimbili ze-mestizos - ezizalwa ngokwemvelo, kanye nangaphansi kwethonya lomuntu (ukuwela ngamabomu kwezinhlobo). I-nuance ebalulekile: ngokusemthethweni kuphela inja evela kubakhiqizi abanemibhalo yemvelaphi ingabizwa ngokuthi i-mestizo.

I-mongrel isivele iyingxube yezinhlobo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okhokho besilwane bangaba abantu abahlanzekile, kanye nama-mestizos, namanye ama-mongrels. Ngokusemthethweni, "umkhiqizo ohloniphekile" ungafakwa ngisho nasemidlwaneni, omunye wabazali bakhe ongowokuzalwa okuhlanzekile, kanti owesibili ungumhlali ovamile emigwaqweni yedolobha.

Indlela yokuthola uhlobo lwenja

Ukuba khona kwe-brand / chip kwenza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu, njengoba inja "enepasipoti" enjalo ingahlala ihlotshaniswa nochwepheshe ofunda kalula idatha evela kumamaki akhona. Nge-unchip "imisila" isimo sinzima kakhulu. Yiqiniso, akekho owenqabela ukunikeza inja kuchwepheshe we-cynologist ozohlola bese ekhomba iqembu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lohlobo olulawula i-phenotype yesilwane. Kodwa cishe njalo iphutha lokuhlola okunjalo lizoba likhulu kakhulu.

Ngokwezibalo, kuphela abaphathi bezinja abangama-27 kwabayi-100 abaphumelela ukuhlonza kahle izinhlobo ezinikele ngofuzo lwazo esilwaneni se-mestizo (sikhuluma, vele, mayelana nokuhlola okubukwayo).

Kusukela ezinkingeni "zokuhlonza", kuphakama umbuzo wemvelo: kungani uthole uhlobo lwenja nhlobo, uma ngaphandle kohlu lozalo alusoze lwaba inkanyezi yemibukiso nemibukiso yezinja? Abafuyi bachaza lokhu ngokuthi, ukwazi isisekelo sofuzo sesilwane esifuywayo, kulula kakhulu ukuqapha impilo yaso. Okungukuthi: ukuveza ukuthambekela kwezifo zofuzo. Isibonelo, i-brachycephalic ocular and obstructive breathing syndrome ngokuvamile ithinta izinhlobo ezinezimbotshana ezimfishane (i-brachycephals), kanye nezihlobo zazo eziseduze, futhi kuyaqabukela, abameleli bezinye izizwana.

Ungaluthola kanjani uhlobo lomdlwane

Umdlwane omncane, mancane amathuba okuthi ukwazi ukunquma uhlobo lwawo ngempumelelo. Izilinganiso eziphulwayo, ukushintsha kombala, ukukhula okungalingani, ukubonakala kwamabala ejazi (i-Dalmatians) - zonke lezi zenzakalo, ezingenakugwemeka emidlwaneni, zinciphisa inqubo kuphela. Ngakho-ke uma uthatha isilwane esifuywayo ngaphandle kwemibhalo, thatha ukuguqulwa kwayo okuhlobene nobudala ngokuthula - akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi ingane ethenge "ezandleni" izokhula ibe yini. Ngokuthembekile, uhlobo lwenja lunqunywa kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisi-6, nakuba ama-cynologists ngokwawo abheka iminyaka yobudala yesilwane njengelungile.

Indlela yokunquma uhlobo lwenja endala ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle

Kungcono ukuhlaziya izici zangaphandle ngokuhlanganisa, ubhekise encwadini yereferensi noma indinganiso yohlobo. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi "nezicukuthwane" esizukulwaneni se-nth, lesi simiso ngeke sisebenze - ukuxubana kakhulu kwezakhi zofuzo kukhona ku-phenotype yabo. Kodwa esimweni esinama-mestizos, amathuba okuphumelela "ukuhlonza" aphezulu kakhulu.

Ngobude nesisindo

Umhlaba wezinja unemidondoshiya yawo, ama-middlings nama-dwarfs. I-RKF ihlonza izinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko zamadwala ngokuhambisana nobukhulu babameleli bawo.

Large

Izinja ezinobude obungama-60 cm ekubuneni kanye nesisindo somzimba esingama-25-30 kg. Abamele abavelele: I-East European Shepherd Dog, Briard, Maremma-Abruzzo Shepherd Dog, American Bulldog, Doberman, Caucasian Shepherd Dog, Black Russian Terrier, Giant Schnauzer, Alaskan Malamute, njll.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinja ezinkulu

isilinganiso

Izinja ezimaphakathi yizinja ezisuka ku-40 kuye ku-60 cm lapho zibuna ezinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-12-25 kg. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukaniswa yi-RKF njengeziphakathi: I-French Bulldog, Lhasa Apso, Russian Spaniel, Pharaoh Hound, Chow Chow, East Siberian Laika, Welsh Terrier, Border Collie, American Stafford, Bull Terrier, Thai Ridgeback, Beagle, njll.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinja ezimaphakathi

Small

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezincane, kuhlukaniswa ama-subgroups amathathu amakhulu: izinja ezincane ezifanele (ubude - kufika ku-40 cm; isisindo - kufika ku-10-12 kg), i-dwarf (ubude ekubuneni - kufika ku-35 cm; isisindo - kufika ku-5 kg. ), i-toi (ubude - hhayi ngaphezu kwama-28 cm; isisindo - phakathi kwama-2 kg). "Izingane" ezijwayelekile: I-Pinscher encane, i-Yorkshire Terrier, i-Mexican Hairless Dog, i-Belgian Griffon, i-Pug, i-Chinese Crested Dog, i-Russian Toy Terrier, i-Chihuahua, i-Maltese, i-Petit Brabancon, i-Papillon, i-Japanese Chin, i-Tibetan Spaniel, i-Coton de Tulear, i-Manchester Terrier njll. .

Zonke izinhlobo zezinja ezincane

Ngohlobo lwezindlebe

Ubukhulu, indawo kanye nokuma kwendwangu yendlebe yizici zohlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingasho okuningi “ngezimpande” zesilwane esifuywayo.

Ngaphezu kokuma nokusetha, izindlebe zingahluka lapho kukhona / ukungabikho kwezimpaphe zokuhlobisa. Izinhlobo ezingakwazi ukudideka ngenxa yalesi sici: i-papillon, i-Russian toy terrier enezinwele ezinde, i-briar.

Ngokuhambisana nobude bomlomo

Ibhuloho elide lekhala ezinjeni alisho njalo i-first class sniffer. Nakuba, ngokwezinga elikhulu, isici esinjalo se-anatomical sitholakala ngokunembile kubameleli bezizwe zokuzingela.

Izalela enamakhala amade:

Futhi-ke, ungakhohlwa ngabameleli bomndeni we-canine "polar" - brachycephals. Ngakho-ke uma umdlwane wakho unomlomo omfushane noma oyisicaba, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhodi yakhe yofuzo kuphawulwe:

I-Hack yempilo yalabo abanentshisekelo: lapho unquma uhlobo lwenja ngobude be-muzzle, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuma kwengemuva lekhala. Isibonelo: ama-muzzles we-bull terrier kanye ne-Afghan hound acishe abe ubude obufanayo, kodwa ngokubukeka ahluke kakhulu.

Ukuma nobukhulu bomsila

Imisila ngesimo se-corkscrew ekhanyayo iyisici se-Chow Chow, i-Pug ne-Akita Inu. I-tail-flagpole, emi iqondile, iwuphawu olukhomba ama-beagles. Umumo omise okwehhuku onethiphu ephakanyiswe kancane i-chip yozalo lwe-Briards and Pyrenean Shepherds. Umsila wegundane, ofana nowe-Irish Water Spaniel, uyisisekelo esinamandla, esinoboya obuncane kanye nethiphu elincanyana elimbozwe izinwele ezingandile. I-Labrador Retriever inomsila we-otter obizwa ngokuthi: ugqinsi esisekelweni, ubheke phezulu futhi uyisicaba ngezansi.

I-Bull Terriers ingabanikazi bemisila evundlile, ebizwa nangokuthi izinduku. Isici sokuhlonza umumo ofana nodosi lwenyosi. Indandatho ekugcineni yomsila yezinhlobo eziningi ibhekwa njengesici esibucayi, kodwa hhayi ku-Afghan Hound, lapho "umklamo" onjalo uyisici sokubhekisela. Imisila yeCrescent ngokuvamile ingeyaseSiberia Huskies. Imisila yesquirrel, egobe kakhulu phambili, ijwayelekile kumaPekingese.

Ngokusho kobude nesakhiwo sejazi

Uhlobo lwejazi luzophinde lunciphise kakhulu ububanzi bokusesha kohlobo. Izazi zeCynologists zihlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisi-6 “zezingubo” zezinja:

• uhlobo lwasendle - izinwele ezinde entanyeni, emzimbeni, emsileni nezimfishane ezidladleni nasekhanda;
• izinwele ezimfushane - ijazi elibushelelezi elilinganayo kuwo wonke umzimba ngenani elincane le-undercoat noma ngaphandle kwalo;
• ezinocingo - izinwele ezimahhadlahhadla, ezinoboya noma ezimise okwe-spindle, ezakha i-mail yeketanga elivikelayo emzimbeni wesilwane;
• izinwele ezinde - ijazi li-silky, livame ukulenga emphethweni, lingaba bushelelezi noma li-curly.

Ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zoboya eziyinhloko, kukhona ama-subspecies.

Izinja ezingenazinwele – Chinese Crested, Xoloitzcuintle, American Hairless Terrier, Ecuadorian Hairless, Abyssinian Sand Terrier, Peruvian Inca Orchid, Deerhound (engaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni izinhlangano cynological), Manchurian Hairless.

onezinwele ezibushelelezi – IGreat Dane, Doberman, Dalmatian, Cane Corso, Boxer, Ca de Bo, Italian Greyhound, Pharaoh Hound, njll.

Abantu abanesikhumba esigoqiwe – Sharpei, Neapolitan Mastiff, Pug.

Izinwele ezinde ne-undercoat encane - Isilevu saseJapane.

Izinwele ezinde ezine-undercoat eningi – Pekingese.

Izilwane ezinezintambo noma izinwele eziboshwe - izinhlamvu, i-komondor, umalusi we-bergama.

Izinwele ezinocingo ezinohlobo olufushane lwekhava - I-fox terrier enezinwele ezibushelelezi, i-Hungarian vizsla.

Ijazi elimahhadla lobude obumaphakathi - i-schnauzer ejwayelekile, i-Irish terrier.

Izinja ezinezinwele ezimahhadla - I-Airedale Terrier, i-Welsh Terrier.

Abantu abanezinwele ezimfushane ezigoqene – Curly Coated Retriever.

I-Central Asian Shepherd Dog ibhekwa njengomnikazi ojwayelekile wejazi lohlobo lwasendle. Futhi, ama-cynologists ahlukanisa i-subtype eyengeziwe, ehlanganisa izinja ezinezinwele ezibanzi ezinezinwele ezithambile neziminyene kakhulu (i-bobtails).

Ngombala

Indlela elula yokunquma uhlobo ezinjeni ezinezinhlobo ezingavamile zemibala. Isibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi umbala we-merle cishe njalo i-Bull Terrier, i-Pit Bull, i-Aussie ne-Pembroke Welsh Corgi. Uma ubona isidalwa esinakho konke ukubukeka kwaso okufana neNkosi yeCavalier uCharles Spaniel, kodwa ngejazi elimhlophe leparele, elihlotshiswe ngezimpawu ze-chestnut, khona-ke ngamathuba angu-99,9% une-Blenheim phambi kwakho.

Iqiniso elimangalisayo: njengoba izinhlobo zemibala zingewona njalo umdlalo ongenangozi wezakhi zofuzo, ezinye zazo azivunyelwe ukuzalanisa. Ikakhulukazi, i-taboo ekuhlolweni kokuzalanisa iye yasungulwa kubantu abangama-albino, kanye nezinja zesudi ye-Isabella. Kukhona futhi inani lemikhawulo emibaleni ye-merle, nakuba kungenjalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo.

Uhlamvu nobumnene: sinquma uhlobo ngokuziphatha

Indlela, ebonakala ngama-cynologists njengengathembeki kakhulu, nayo ngezinye izikhathi iyasebenza. Ikakhulukazi uma inja ikhulume imikhuba yabameleli bohlobo oluhlosiwe. Uma isilwane esifuywayo sazibonakalisa siyi-digger yangempela, kungenzeka ukuthi wayenenhlanhla nje ngezakhi zofuzo ze-terrier. Labo abathanda "ukudla" zonke izimpondo nezinsila ezibonakala zibonakala zihlukaniswa yizinja zokwelusa - ama-collies emngceleni, ama-shelties, ama-corgis.

Inzalo yezinja ezizingelayo izofaka ushevu ngokuhlelekile ukuba khona kwawo wonke amakati azungezile, kanye nezinkukhu, uma zikhona. Abalandeli bamagundane, amagundane kanye namanye amagundane, njengomthetho, ama-dachshunds, ama-ratlicks, ama-cairn nama-jack russell terriers, kanye nama-schnauzers amancane. I-St. Bernards, i-Golden Retrievers, i-Pugs, i-Papillon, i-Poodles ne-Labradors ihlale izimisele "umntwana" futhi uxoxe nezingane zakho. Uma uhlangana ne-frank "indoda ethule", kungenzeka ukuthi abameleli bezinhlobo ezincane ezikhonkothayo baphawulwa kokhokho bakhe - i-Basenji, i-American Akita, i-Shiba Inu, i-Rhodesian Ridgeback, i-Afghan Hound, i-Greyhound.

Ikhodi Yezofuzo: Ukusungulwa Kozalo Ngokuhlola Ufuzo

E-Russia, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yezinja kunikezwa ama-laboratories amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izinqubo ezidume kakhulu zama-cynologists ziwukuhlolwa kokunquma izinga lobudlelwano nokusungula iphrofayili yofuzo. Ngokuvamile, izifundo ezinjalo zisebenza njengomshuwalense ngokumelene nabalimi abangenanembeza. Ngaphambi kokuthenga umdlwane ngaphandle kwemibhalo, ungathumela i-biomaterial yesilwane nabazali bayo elabhorethri (ngokuvumelana nomthengisi) ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi unikezwa isilwane esivela kubakhiqizi ababonisiwe.