Indawo ecebile yekati: yini okufanele ibe endlini?

Ngokwezibalo, e-UK, iningi lamakati afuywayo ayakwazi ukungena emgwaqeni (Rochlitz, 2005): lokhu kubhekwa njengemvelo kumakati. E-US, ama-50-60% amakati achitha impilo yawo yonke ekhaya (Patronek et al., 1997). Odokotela bezilwane baseMelika batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi abanikazi bagcine amakati ekhaya (Buffington, 2002), njengoba kwenza izisebenzi eziningi zokukhosela. Futhi kwezinye izindawo zase-Australia, ochwepheshe baye bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi amakati azihambela wodwa ayingozi emvelweni, kukhona ngisho nomthetho oshaywe ovimbelayo, futhi kwezinye izindawo ukunqabela ngokuphelele uhla lwamakati olukhululekile.

Ngempela, i-free-range purr iza nezingozi ezinkulu, ngakho kuwukuhlakanipha ukugcina ikati lingaphakathi noma ulihambise endaweni ephephile, ebiyelwe ngokuvikelekile noma ngentambo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kubonakala kungqubuzana nomqondo wenkululeko engu-5, ikakhulukazi, kukhawulela kakhulu inkululeko yokusebenzisa ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhla lwamahhala (kanye nezingozi ezihambisana nalo) alwenzi lutho ukunxephezela izimo ezingezinhle zokuboshwa futhi, akuhambisani nhlobo nokukhululeka ekulimaleni nasekuguleni.

Okufanele ngikwenze? Ingabe ikati lingaphila kahle uma lichitha ukuphila kwalo konke lisendlini?

Mhlawumbe uma umenzela indawo enothile. Ngakho udala kanjani indawo enothile yekati elingaphakathi?

1. Ososayensi abaye bahlola ukuziphatha kwamakati batusa ukuthi i-purr kufanele ibe nokufinyelela okungenani amakamelo amabili (UMertens noSchär, 1988; uBernstein noStrack, 1996).
2. Uma kukhona amakati amaningana, ngamunye wabo kufanele abe nawo ubuncane be-10 sq.m izikhala (Bernstein and Strack, 1996). Kulokhu, kunethuba lokuthi ikati ngalinye lizokwazi ukuthola ikhoneni elifanele lokuphumula noma ukudlala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi ngeke liphikisana. Ngokocwaningo (uBarry noCrowell-Davis, 1999), isikhathi esiningi amakati gcina ibanga elingamamitha angu-1 kuye kwayi-3 noma ngaphezulu ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi kufanele bangakwazi ukulehlisa leli banga.
3. Kodwa-ke, akuyona nje indawo ye-u1989bu1992b ebalulekile, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yokugcwaliswa kwayo. Amakati ayasebenza futhi ayakuthanda ukukhuphuka (Eisenberg, 1993), futhi ngaleyo ndlela "ama-tiers aphezulu" njengendawo yokubuka kanye nezindawo eziphephile (DeLuca noKranda, 1995; Holmes, XNUMX; James, XNUMX). Ama-Purrs adinga ukuhlonyiswa Isitezi “sesibili” ngisho “sesithathu”. Lezi zingaba amadivaysi akhethekile athengiswa ezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye namashalofu, ama-sills amafasitela nezinye izindawo ezifanele.
4. Iningi losuku, amakati alala noma aphumule, okusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuwahlomisa izindawo zokulala ezithokomele enezindawo ezinethezekile njengamaphedi (Crouse et al., 1995) noma indwangu ethambile (Hawthorne et al., 1995). Njengoba amakati ethanda ukuphumula wodwa kunokuba abe nezinye izilwane (Podberscek et al., 1991), kufanele kube nezindawo zokulala ezanele ekamelweni (ifomula evamile: N + 1, lapho u-N eyinombolo yezilwane ezisendlini. ).
5. Ngezinye izikhathi amakati azizwa isidingo sokucasha, kuhlanganise nokugwema ukuxhumana nezinye izilwane noma abantu, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo ezicindezelayo (Carlstead et al., 1993; James, 1995; Rochlitz et al., 1998). Ngokocwaningo (uBarry noCrowell-Davis, 1999), amakati achitha u-48-50% wesikhathi sawo ecashe emehlweni. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezindawo zokulala ezijwayelekile, "izindawo zokukhosela" ziyadingeka lapho ama-purrs angacasha khona. USchroll (2002) ukholelwa ukuthi indlu kufanele ibe nayo okungenani "izindawo zokukhosela" ezimbili ikati ngalinye. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha.
6. Indlu kufanele ibe nayo amathreyi anele (ifomula evamile: N+1, lapho u-N eyinombolo yamakati endlini) atholakala kude nezindawo zokuphumula nezokudla. Amathreyi kufanele abekwe ezindaweni ezithule futhi ahlanzwe okungenani kanye ngosuku. Khumbula ukuthi amakati ahlukene anezintandokazi ezahlukene zodoti, futhi lezi zintandokazi kufanele zicatshangelwe. Njengalokho okuthandwayo mayelana nomklamo "wendlu yangasese" (evulekile noma evaliwe).  
7. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ikati likwazi ukulawula imvelo futhi lingadinwa (Broom and Johnson, 1993, pp. 111–144). Nakuba ukuhlala endlini kungase kube yisicefe uma umnikazi enganikeli izinhlobonhlobo ezanele (Wemelsfelder, 1991), amakati nawo awathandi ukubikezela ngokweqile, njengokwethulwa kwezilwane ezingajwayelekile nabantu noma izinguquko ezingazelelwe ezimisweni zansuku zonke (Carlstead et al., 1993) ). Ukusabela kwekati enanini lesikhuthazo noma ushintsho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa isimo sengqondo sekati (uLowe noBradshaw, 2001) nolwazi lwempilo. Kunconywa ukugwema ukweqisa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo unike ikati ithuba lawula izimo zokuphila futhi wenze izinqumo (isibonelo, ukukhetha amathoyizi ahlukene noma ongakhetha kukho ukudla).
8. Ikati lingumzingeli ozelwe, okusho ukuthi kufanele likwazi ukukhombisa lokhu kuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, ku ukuzingela sekulingisa imidlalo (abaqamekeli, ukulandelela nokubamba inyamazane, njll.)