Ukufuywa kwezinja

Inqubo yesikhathi eside yokufuywa kwezinja yahlala iyimfihlo. Akekho ongasho ukuthi baba kanjani abangani bethu abakhulu - labo abaqondi hhayi nje ngegama lesigamu, kodwa futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwesigamu. Nokho, manje singakwazi ukuphakamisa iveli kule mfihlakalo. Futhi basiza ukuveza le mfihlo ... izimpungushe! 

Esithombeni: izimpungushe ezisize ukuxazulula imfihlakalo yokufuywa kwezinja

Ukuhlolwa kukaDmitry Belyaev ngezimpungushe: ingabe imfihlo yokufuywa kwezinja iyembulwa?

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, uDmitry Belyaev wenza isilingo esiyingqayizivele kwelinye lamapulazi oboya eSiberia, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukufuywa kwasekhaya nokuchaza izimfanelo eziyingqayizivele izinja ezinazo. Ososayensi abaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlola kukaBelyaev kuwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu emkhakheni wezakhi zofuzo zekhulu lama-20. Ukuhlolwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku, ngisho nangemva kokushona kukaDmitry Belyaev, iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55.

Ingqikithi yokuhlolwa ilula kakhulu. Epulazini loboya lapho kwakuzaliswa khona izimpungushe ezibomvu ezivamile, iBelyaev yayinezilwane ezi-2. Izimpungushe ezivela eqenjini lokuqala zikhethwe ngokungahleliwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo. Futhi izimpungushe zeqembu lesibili, zokuhlola, zaphumelela ukuhlolwa okulula ezinyangeni ezingu-7. Indoda yasondela esibayeni, yazama ukuxhumana nempungushe futhi yasithinta. Uma impungushe ikhombisa ukwesaba noma ulaka, ayizange ihlanganyele ekuzaleni okuqhubekayo. Kodwa uma impungushe iziphatha ngendlela enesithakazelo futhi enobungane kumuntu, yayidlulisela izakhi zofuzo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Umphumela wokuhlolwa wawumangalisa. Ngemva kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa, kwakheka inani eliyingqayizivele lezimpungushe, elibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukufuywa kuthinta kanjani izilwane.

Esithombeni: impungushe evela eqenjini lokuhlola likaDmitry Belyaev

Kuyamangaza ukuthi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhethwa kwenziwa kuphela umlingiswa (ukuntuleka kobudlova, ubungane kanye nesithakazelo maqondana nabantu), izimpungushe ngemva kwezizukulwane eziningana zaqala ukuhluka kakhulu kusuka ezimpungushe ezibomvu ezivamile ngokubukeka. Baqala ukuthuthukisa izindlebe ze-floppy, imisila yaqala ukugoqa, futhi i-palette yombala yayihluka kakhulu - cishe njengoba singabona ezinjeni. Kwakukhona ngisho nezimpungushe ze-piebald. Ukuma kogebhezi kushintshile, futhi imilenze iye yaba mncane futhi yaba yinde.

Singabona izinguquko ezifanayo ezilwaneni eziningi eziye zafuywa. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kukaBelyaev, kwakungekho bufakazi bokuthi izinguquko ezinjalo ekubukeni zingabangelwa kuphela ukukhetha izimfanelo ezithile zomlingiswa.

Kungacatshangwa ukuthi izindlebe ezilenga kanye nemisila yendandatho, empeleni, umphumela wokuphila epulazini loboya, hhayi ukukhetha kokuhlola. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi izimpungushe ezivela eqenjini lokulawula, ezingakhethwanga uhlamvu lwazo, azizange zishintshe ekubukeni futhi zahlala ziyizimpungushe ezibomvu zakudala.

Izimpungushe zeqembu lokuhlola azishintshile nje ngokubukeka, kodwa futhi ekuziphatheni, futhi ngokuphawulekayo. Baqala ukutshikizisa imisila, ukukhonkotha kanye lokukhala kakhulu ukwedlula izimpungushe zeqembu elilawulayo. Izimpungushe zokuhlola zaqala ukulwela ukuxhumana nabantu.

Izinguquko zenzeka ezingeni lama-hormone. Emphakathini wokuhlola wezimpungushe, izinga le-serotonin laliphezulu kuneqembu lokulawula, okwathi, lanciphisa ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa. Futhi izinga le-cortisol ezilwaneni zokuhlola, ngokuphambene nalokho, laliphansi kuneqembu lokulawula, okubonisa ukwehla kwamazinga okucindezeleka futhi kwenza buthaka impendulo yokulwa-noma-indiza.

Kuyamangalisa, awucabangi?

Ngakho-ke, singasho kahle ukuthi kuyini ukufuya. I-Domestication iwukukhetha okuhloswe ngakho ukunciphisa izinga lobudlova, ukwandisa isithakazelo kumuntu kanye nesifiso sokuxhumana naye. Futhi konke okunye kuwuhlobo lomphumela ongathandeki.

Ukufuywa kwezinja: amathuba amasha okuxhumana

Usosayensi waseMelika, isazi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nomcwaningi wezinja uBrian Hare wenze ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo ngezimpungushe, ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuhlolwa kukaDmitry Belyaev.  

Usosayensi wazibuza ukuthi izinja zifunda kanjani ukuxhumana nabantu ngobuciko, futhi wacabanga ukuthi lokhu kungaba umphumela wokufuywa. Futhi ubani, uma kungezona izimpungushe ezifuywayo, ongasiza ekuqinisekiseni noma aphikise lo mbono?

Izimpungushe zokuhlola zinikezwe imidlalo yokuxhumana yokuxilonga futhi ziqhathaniswa nezimpungushe ezivela eqenjini elilawulayo. Kwavela ukuthi izimpungushe ezifuywayo zifunda kahle ukuthinta komuntu, kodwa izimpungushe ezivela eqenjini lokulawula azizange zibhekane nomsebenzi.  

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ososayensi bachitha isikhathi esiningi beqeqesha ngokukhethekile izimpungushe ezincane eqenjini elilawulayo ukuze ziqonde ukuthinta komuntu, futhi ezinye zezilwane zathuthuka. Ngenkathi izimpungushe zeqembu lokuhlola ziqhekeze amaphazili njengamantongomane ngaphandle kokulungiselela kusengaphambili - cishe njengezinja ezincane.

Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi iwundlu lempisi, uma lizihlanganisa ngenkuthalo futhi liqeqeshwa, lizofunda ukuxhumana nabantu. Kodwa ubuhle bezinja ukuthi zinalo leli khono kusukela zizalwa.

Ukuhlolwa kube nzima ngokususa imiklomelo yokudla kanye nokwethula imiklomelo yomphakathi. Umdlalo ubulula kakhulu. Indoda yathinta ithoyizi elilodwa lamathoyizi amabili amancane, futhi ithoyizi ngalinye, lapho lithintwa, lenza imisindo okwakumelwe ithakazelise izimpungushe. Ngaphambilini, abacwaningi babeqiniseka ukuthi amathoyizi ngokwawo ayathandeka ezilwaneni. Kwakuthakazelisa ukuthola ukuthi izimpungushe zingathinta ithoyizi elifanayo nomuntu, noma zikhethe elinye "elingangcoliswanga" ngumhloli. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokulawula, umuntu akazange athinte elinye lamathoyizi ngesandla, kodwa ngophaphe, okungukuthi, wanikeza iseluleko "esingesona esomphakathi".

Imiphumela yayithakazelisa.

Lapho izimpungushe ezivela eqenjini lokuhlola zibona ukuthi umuntu uthinta elinye lamathoyizi, ezimweni eziningi nazo zazikhetha leli thoyizi. Nakuba ukuthinta ithoyizi ngophaphe akuzange kuthinte izintandokazi zabo nganoma iyiphi indlela, kulokhu ukukhetha kwakungahleliwe.

Izimpungushe ezivela eqenjini elilawulayo ziziphathe ngendlela ephambene ncamashi. Abazange babonise isithakazelo ethoyizini umuntu alithintile.

Ukufuywa kwezinja kwenzeka kanjani?

Eqinisweni, manje umgubuzelo wokufihla ngale nkinga usuvulekile.

Esithombeni: izimpungushe ezivela eqenjini lokuhlola likaDmitry Belyaev

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi indoda eyisidala yanquma: “Hhayi-ke, akuwona umqondo omubi ukuqeqesha izimpisi eziningana ukuze zizingele ndawonye.” Kubonakala sengathi ngesinye isikhathi inani lempisi lakhetha abantu njengabalingani futhi laqala ukuhlala eduze, isibonelo, ukucosha ukudla okusele. Kodwa lezi kwakufanele zibe izimpisi ezinolaka kunezihlobo zazo, zingabi namahloni futhi zifuna ukwazi.

Izimpisi seziyizidalwa ezihloselwe ukusebenzelana zodwa - futhi cishe zaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuxhumana nabantu futhi. Abazange besabe abantu, abazange babonise ubudlova, basebenzise izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, babe nalezo zimfanelo umuntu ayengenazo - futhi, mhlawumbe, abantu baphinde baqaphela ukuthi lokhu kungaba ukubambisana okuhle.

Kancane kancane, ukukhetha kwemvelo kwawenza umsebenzi wako, kwavela izimpisi ezintsha, ezihlukile ezihlotsheni zazo ngokubukeka, ezinobungane futhi ezigxile ekusebenzelaneni nabantu. Futhi ukuqonda umuntu hhayi ngisho nengxenye yegama, kodwa kusukela ekubukeni kwesigamu. Eqinisweni, lezi kwakuyizinja zokuqala.