Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus emakati: indlela yokuhlonza kanye nendlela yokwelapha

Njengoba ukukhuluphala kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuyinkinga ekhulayo namuhla, akumangazi ukuthi izinga lesifo sikashukela ezilwaneni ezifuywayo nalo liyakhula. Phakathi kuka-2006 no-2015, ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela emakati kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-18, ngokusho kombiko waminyaka yonke we-Pet Health oshicilelwe yi-Banfield Pet Hospital. 

Ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga enkulu, kodwa akuyona ukuphela kwengozi yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela emakati. Ngisho noma isilwane singeqile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukubona izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo ukuze uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ikati lami linesifo sikashukela?

Ingabe amakati athola isifo sikashukela?

Njengabantu, izilwane ezifuywayo zingaba nesifo sikashukela. Lesi yisifo lapho umzimba ulahlekelwa amandla okukhiqiza i-insulin noma ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele. 

I-insulin yihomoni ekhiqizwa amanyikwe elawula ukuthuthwa kukashukela (iglucose) ngegazi iye kumaseli ukuze inikeze amandla emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eyanele, i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena kahle emangqamuzaneni omzimba, ngakho aqala ukuphula amafutha namaprotheni ukuze abe namandla, futhi i-glucose engasetshenziswanga inqwabelana egazini ngokweqile.

Njengabantu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela emakatini: esithembele ku-insulin futhi esingancike ku-insulin. Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo I, futhi kulo umzimba ulahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla okukhiqiza i-insulin. Ohlotsheni 2, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba awukhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, noma izitho nezicubu ziba ukumelana ne-insulin, okudinga i-insulin eyengeziwe ukuze kucutshungulwe i-glucose ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, izimo zesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 emakati azivamile.

Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela Emakati

Nakuba imbangela yangempela yesifo sikashukela ezifuywayo ingaziwa, amakati akhuluphele asengozini enkulu. Ezinye izingozi zokuthola lesi sifo zihlanganisa i-pancreatitis engapheli kanye nokuphazamiseka kwama-hormone njenge-hyperthyroidism nesifo sikaCushing. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kuhlotshaniswa nokuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile, kuhlanganise ne-corticosteroids, njenge-prednisolone. Kukholakala ukuthi amakati athambekele ekubeni nesifo sikashukela kunamakati.

Imiphumela Yesifo Sikashukela Empilweni Yekati

Ngenxa yokuthi isifo sikashukela siphoqa amangqamuzana ukuba athathe amandla kumafutha namaprotheni esikhundleni se-glucose, amakati anesifo sikashukela avame ukuncipha naphezu kokuthanda ukudla okunempilo. 

Uma singelashwa, isifo sikashukela singaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo. Okuyingozi kakhulu kulokhu i-ketoacidosis. Iqala lapho ukuwohloka kwamafutha nama-protein cells kukhula kangangokuthi umzimba wekati uphelelwa amandla, ngisho noma lidla njalo. Izimpawu zalesi simo zihlanganisa ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla, ukuba buthakathaka noma ukukhathala, ukuphefumula okungavamile, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuhlanza, nesifo sohudo, futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okunamandla ngokushesha ngoketshezi ne-insulin, i-ketoacidosis ingabulala.

Ezinye izinkinga zezempilo ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela zihlanganisa isifo sesibindi, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, isikhumba esibi kanye nesimo sejazi, kanye ne-neuropathy, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla nokuhamba ezithweni zangemuva. 

Enye inkinga engenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela i-hypoglycemia, noma ushukela wegazi ophansi. Kwenzeka lapho kunikezwa i-insulin eningi futhi kuholela ekubeni buthaka, ukukhathala nokungaxhumani kahle, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuquleka ngisho nokuquleka. Uma ikati elinesifo sikashukela libonisa izimpawu zoshukela ophansi, udinga ukulenza lidle okuthile. Uma engafuni noma engakwazi ukudla, u-Cornell uncoma ukuthi ahlikihle isiraphu ezinsinini futhi ashayele udokotela wezilwane ngokushesha.

Izimpawu nezimpawu

Amakati anesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile abonisa inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu ezine ezilandelayo:

1. Ukwandisa ukudla.
2. Ukwehlisa isisindo.
3. Ukoma ngokweqile.
4. Ukuchama kaningi.

Ukoma ngokweqile nokuchama njalo kuyizimpawu zokuqala ezivame ukubonakala. Ezimweni eziningi, isifiso esivamile sokuchama sibangela amakati anesifo sikashukela ukuba azikhiphe ngaphandle kwebhokisi likadoti. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanikazi abaqaphela ukuthi ikati labo likhohlwe ngokungazelelwe indlela yokuya ku-tray bayelulekwa ngokuqinile ukuthi baxhumane nodokotela wezilwane.

Ingabe likhona ikhambi lesifo sikashukela emakatini?

Alikho ikhambi lesifo sikashukela emakati. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhloswe ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa imijovo ye-insulin. Amakati amaningi anesifo sikashukela adinga imijovo ye-insulin nsuku zonke ukuze elashwe, udokotela wezilwane angafundisa ukuyenza ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isilwane sakho njalo siyohlolwa ukuze uqaphe amazinga kashukela egazini kanye nokusabela ekwelashweni.

Uma ikati likhuluphele, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakhe. Imvamisa, okunye kwalokhu kudla okulandelayo kunqunyelwe ukulawula isisindo kanye namazinga kashukela egazini:

• ukudla okune-fiber kanye nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi;
• ukudla okune-carb ephansi;
• ukudla okuphezulu kwamaprotheni.

Udokotela wakho wezilwane angase ancome ukudla kwekati okunemithi kwabanesifo sikashukela. Ukuze unqume ukuthi yisiphi esilungele isilwane esifuywayo, cishe kuyodingeka usizwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe, ikati kufanele liqashwe ngokucophelela ngesimo salo, isifiso sokudla kanye nokuvama kokuphuza nokuchama, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga. Ungakwazi ukuqapha ushukela wekati lakho ngekhithi yokuhlola i-glucose eyenziwe ekhaya esikhundleni sokuliyisa kudokotela wezilwane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kufanele kuxoxwe nochwepheshe - ukulinganiswa kwamazinga kashukela ekhaya kungase kungafaneleki kuzo zonke izimo.

Nakuba isifo sikashukela emakati siyisifo esingelapheki impilo yonke, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukuphila impilo egcwele. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinesifo sikashukela zingaphila ngenjabulo phakade. Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wezilwane ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo ukuze uthole inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwenza. Lapho isifo sikashukela sitholakala ngokushesha futhi silethwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa, kuzoba ngcono ukubikezela kwenkambo yesifo ekati eliyigugu.