Canine Genetics: Nutrigenomics kanye Amandla Epigenetics

Buza noma yimuphi umnikazi we-pooch engaqondakali ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo abacabanga ukuthi umngane wabo omuhle kakhulu onemilenze emine uyingxube yazo, futhi bazokwabelana ngokuqagela kwabo ngentshiseko. Eqinisweni, i-International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) inewebhusayithi lapho abathandi bezinja bengahlola ulwazi lwabo lwezakhi zofuzo zezilwane ezifuywayo futhi bazame isandla sabo ekuqageleni inhlanganisela yohlobo lwezinja. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwazi ngemvelaphi yesilwane sakho esifuywayo noma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngokuthi ungasigcina kanjani isilwane sakho siphilile, i-canine genetics inezimpendulo zemibuzo yakho.

Ucwaningo lwe-Canine DNA

Uma ubunemephu yofuzo yenja yakho, yini obungakwazi ukuyifunda ku-DNA yenja? Ngenhlanhla, isayensi isebenza kanzima ukufunda izakhi zofuzo zezinja nokufunda izindlela ezintsha zokusiza abangani bethu abanoboya babe nempilo engcono nakakhulu.

Namuhla, udokotela wezilwane angahlola kalula i-DNA yenja yakho ukuze abone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinja ezakha isihlahla somndeni wakhe. Odokotela abaningi emitholampilo yezilwane abanayo le nketho. Bathumela amasampula abo elebhu ukuze bathole imiphumela. Kukhona nezinsiza zasekhaya ongazisebenzisa futhi izivivinyo zizohlaziywa ongoti bolibofuzo elebhu. Ososayensi bacwaninga izakhi zofuzo zezinja ngendlela efanayo abatadisha ngayo i-DNA yomuntu: ngokubeka isampula elithathwe kuswayi ngemva kwesihlathi senja liwufake emshinini obonisa ikhodi yofuzo futhi ubheke omaka be-telltale. Ngokuya ngelebhu yokuhlola izakhi zofuzo udokotela wakho wezilwane ayisebenzisayo, uzothola umbiko mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini umzali womdlwane wakho noma olunye ulwazi lwezokwelapha.

Ufuzo kanye nempilo

I-Genetics ingasitshela okuningi ngezinja zethu. Ukuthola ukuthi umdlwane wakho uyingxenye yeGreyhound futhi ingxenye ye-Doberman imane nje iyisihloko se-iceberg. Ikhodi yofuzo iphinde isinike ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezici zobuntu ezingaba khona, izitayela zezifo zofuzo, ukuthi umdlwane wakho ungakhula ube mkhulu kangakanani, nokuthi uzochitheka yini esikhathini esizayo.

Nakuba sazi ukuthi akuyona ukuphela kwesici, i-DNA yenja ingabikezela ukuthi inja izoba nezinkinga ezithile zempilo. Izakhi zofuzo zingadalula ukuthi inja inazo yini izinguquko zofuzo ezingaholela esifweni, futhi ulwazi olunjalo lwenza abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuze banciphise izingozi ezingaba khona. Isibonelo, i-MDR1 isakhi sofuzo esiqukethe ukuguquka kwesimo okwenza inja ibe nomuzwa wokuthi kunezidakamizwa ezithile. Izinja ezinokuguqulwa kwe-MDR1 zingaba nokusabela okubi kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-University of Washington Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, ukuhlola inja yakho ukuguqulwa kofuzo lwe-MDR1 kungase kuyisize igweme lokhu kusabela okubi.

Ufuzo kanye nendawo yokuhlala

Indlela elula yokuqonda i-DNA yenja iwukucabanga ngayo njengesisekelo somzimba wenja yakho, ukunquma hhayi kuphela izici zomzimba kodwa zokuziphatha kanye. Ngokomlando, abantu abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zisho ikusasa elingenakugwenywa - uma unomaki wofuzo wesifo, wawuzothola le pathology. Kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi uma i-genotype iqukethe umaka, lokhu akusho ukuthi inja izothuthukisa i-pathology esikhathini esizayo.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-DNA yenja ayisho ukuthi izokwenzekani. Umagazini i-Discover uchaza ukuthi isizathu salokhu uxhaxha lwezinye izici ezibizwa ngokuthi i-epigenetics ezithonya ukuziphatha nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo (ukuvula nokuvala) ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwazo okungokomzimba. I-Epigenetics ihlanganisa kokubili izici ezizuzwe njengefa ezithinta inkulumo kanye nezici zemvelo.

Amandla we-epigenetics

Ososayensi manje bayaqonda ukuthi izici zemvelo ezifana nokucindezeleka, izifo, ukudla nokuzivocavoca kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukubonakaliswa kofuzo kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-microbiota yesilwane sakho esifuywayo, amagciwane amancane ahlala kuwo naphezu kwawo, abaluleke kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili futhi aseqala ukuqondwa manje. Kubantu, lezi zici zingase zithinte ngisho nezizukulwane ezizayo. Ucwaningo lwaseSweden olwenziwe kuyi-European Journal of Human Genetics luthole ukuthi abazukulu bamadoda ayedla ngokucebile ebuntwaneni basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile!

Njengakubantu, indlela yokuphila yenja ngayinye kanye nendawo ezungezile kusebenzisana ngokuqondile ne-DNA yayo ukuze kuthonye izinguquko ezinhle noma ezimbi ze-epigenetic. Ngisho noma umdlwane wakho une-genotype ekahle, izici ezithinta i-epigenetics, njengokuhlala ungadlali noma ukudla okungenamsoco, zingalimaza isisekelo sempilo yakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcina umdlwane wakho unempilo ngangokunokwenzeka kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuba nenkinga uhlobo lwayo oluhloswe ngayo.

I-Nutrigenomics: umsoco + izakhi zofuzo

Lesi sisho sakudala siyiqiniso kithi nasezifuyweni zethu: uyilokho okudlayo. Ukudla okunomsoco kuwumshayeli onamandla wokuguqulwa kwe-epigenetic okuthinta i-DNA yenja yakho. Izithako ezihlukahlukene nezakhamzimba zinamandla okuthonya umsebenzi noma ukubonakaliswa kofuzo, futhi kungase kushintshe nendlela isifo sofuzo esizibonakalisa ngayo. Ucwaningo lomphumela wokudla okunomsoco ku-genome lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-nutrigenomics. Isayensi yesimanje ayikwazi ukunikeza udokotela wezilwane ifomula yomlingo yempilo enhle, kodwa lona umngcele omusha othokozisayo emithini yokuvikela yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ungayithinta kanjani kahle impilo yenja yofuzo? Yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze ube nomthelela omuhle ezicini ze-epigenetic: wehlise ingcindezi, umvocavoce kakhulu, futhi umdlise ukudla okunempilo. Ukukhetha ukudla kwesilwane esifuywayo okunempilo, okusekelwe ocwaningweni osekucwaningwe kabanzi futhi kwafakazelwa ukuthi kunenzuzo kubhayoloji yomdlwane wakho kuyisinyathelo esihle sokuqala. Ungase ungakwazi ukushintsha uhlelo lwakhe lwefa, kodwa ulwazi oluncane lwezakhi zofuzo lungakusiza ugcine inja yakho ijabule futhi inempilo.