Ingabe izilwane ezifuywayo ziyakwazi uzwela?

Ngekhulu le-16, izilwane zazilinganiswa nemishini. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi ngumuntu kuphela ongacabanga futhi azwe ubuhlungu. Futhi izilwane azicabangi, azizizwa, azihawukeli futhi azihlupheki. URene Descartes waphikisa ngokuthi ukububula nokukhala kwezilwane kuwukuvevezela nje emoyeni umuntu ohlakaniphile angeke akunake. Unya ezilwaneni kwakuyinto evamile.

Namuhla, sikhumbula lezo zikhathi ngokuthuthumela futhi sanga inja yethu esiyithandayo nakakhulu… Kuhle ukuthi isayensi ithuthuka ngokushesha futhi yephula amaphethini amadala.

Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kuye kwenziwa izifundo eziningi zesayensi ezingathi sína eziye zayishintsha kakhulu indlela abantu ababheka ngayo izilwane. Manje sesiyazi ukuthi izilwane nazo zizwa ubuhlungu, ziyahlupheka, futhi ziyazwelana – ngisho noma zingakwenzi njengoba senza.

Ingabe isilwane sakho esifuywayo siyakuqonda? Buza lo mbuzo kunoma yimuphi umnikazi onothando wekati, inja, i-ferret noma i-parrot - futhi uzophendula ngaphandle kokungabaza: "Impela!".

Futhi ngempela. Uma uhlala nesilwane eceleni iminyaka eminingana, uthola ulimi oluvamile naye, ufunda imikhuba yakhe. Yebo, futhi isilwane ngokwaso sisabela ngokuzwela ekuziphatheni nasekuziphatheni komnikazi. Lapho umninikhaya egula, ikati liyafika lizomphatha nge-purring futhi lilale khona kanye lapho okubuhlungu khona! Uma umnikazi ekhala, inja ayigijimi kuye ngethoyizi isilungile, kodwa ibeka ikhanda lakhe emadolweni futhi iduduze ngokubukeka okuzinikele. Futhi umuntu angangabaza kanjani amandla abo ozwela?

Ukuqondana ngesilwane esifuywayo kuyamangalisa. Kodwa ungalenzi leli phutha elivamile. Abaningi bethu bavame ukufaka imizwelo nemizwa yethu ezifuyweni zethu. Bangamalungu omndeni wethu, futhi sibenza abantu, silindele ukusabela "kobuntu" ezenzakalweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi kusebenza ukulimaza izilwane ezifuywayo. Isibonelo, uma umnikazi ecabanga ukuthi ikati lenze izinto kuma-slippers akhe "ngaphandle kokwesaba", futhi lihlala ekujezisweni. Noma lapho inja ingafuni ukuvalwa inzalo ukuze ingalahlekelwa “injabulo yokuba umama.”

Ngeshwa noma ngenhlanhla, izilwane zibona umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile kunathi. Banesistimu yabo yokubona umhlaba, izici zabo zokucabanga, amacebo abo okusabela. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi abazizwa futhi abanalo ulwazi. Bavele bakwenze ngendlela ehlukile - futhi sidinga ukufunda ukukwamukela.

Khumbula uMthetho Wehlathi? Wonke umuntu ngowakhe! Okunamandla okuphumelela! Uma ubona ingozi, baleka!

Kuthiwani uma konke kungamampunge? Kuthiwani uma kungebona ubugovu okusiza izilwane ukuba ziphile futhi ziguquke, kodwa ukuzwelana komunye nomunye? Uzwela, usizo, ukusebenzisana?

• 2011. I-University of Chicago Medical Centre yenza olunye ucwaningo ngezici zokuziphatha zamagundane. Amagundane amabili afakwe ebhokisini elilodwa, kodwa eyodwa ingakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile, kanti enye igxiliwe ku-tube futhi ayikwazi ukunyakaza. Igundane "lamahhala" aliziphathi njengenjwayelo, kodwa ngokusobala lingaphansi kwengcindezi: ligijima lizungeze ikheji, ligijima njalo lize lifike kugundane elikhiyiwe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, igundane lisuka ethukile liye esenzweni futhi lizama ukukhulula "i-cellmate" yakhe. Ukuhlolwa kuphetha ngokuthi ngemva kwemizamo eminingi yenkuthalo, uyaphumelela.
• Endle, phakathi kwezindlovu ezimbili, enye yenqaba ukuqhubeka uma enye ingakwazi ukunyakaza noma ukufa. Indlovu ephile saka imi eduze komlingani wayo onebhadi, imphulula ngomboko, izama ukumsiza ukuba avuke. Uzwela? Kukhona omunye umbono. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi yisibonelo sobudlelwano bomholi nomlandeli. Uma umholi eshona, umlandeli umane akazi ukuthi kufanele aye kuphi, futhi iphuzu akulona nhlobo uzwelo. Kodwa kanjani ukuchaza lesi simo? Ngo-2012, ingane yendlovu enezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala, u-Lola, yashona etafuleni lokuhlinza e-Munich Zoo. Abagcini bezilwane balethe ingane emndenini wakhe ukuze bavalelise. Indlovu ngayinye yeza kuLola yamthinta ngomboko wayo. Umama waphulula ingane isikhathi eside kunawo wonke. Izimo ezinjengalezi zenzeka njalo endle. Umsebenzi omkhulu wokucwaninga wososayensi baseBrithani ngo-2005 waphinda wabonisa ukuthi izindlovu, njengabantu, ziba nosizi futhi zililele abafileyo.
• E-Austria, kwenziwa olunye ucwaningo oluthakazelisayo e-Messerli Research Institute ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaStanley Coren, kulokhu kwenziwa izinja. Ucwaningo lwalubandakanya amapheya angu-16 ezinja zezinhlobo neminyaka ehlukene. Ngosizo lwemishini yesimanje, izimpawu ze-alamu zazidluliselwa kulezi zinja zivela emithonjeni emithathu: imisindo evela ezinjeni eziphilayo, imisindo efanayo kumarekhodi alalelwayo, namasignali ahlanganiswe yi-computer. Zonke izinja zabonisa ukusabela okufanayo: azinaki ngokuphelele izimpawu zekhompiyutha, kodwa zakhathazeka lapho zizwa izimpawu ezivela emthonjeni wokuqala nowesibili. Izinja zazigijima zingaphumuli ekamelweni, zikhotha izindebe, zigoba phansi. Izinzwa zirekhode ukucindezeleka okukhulu enjeni ngayinye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho izimpawu ziphela ukudluliselwa futhi izinja zizola, zaqala, njengokungathi, "ukuthokoza" komunye nomunye: zanyakazisa imisila yazo, zagubha imilomo yazo komunye nomunye, zakhothana, futhi zahileleka emdlalweni. . Kuyini lokhu uma kungelona uzwelo?

Ikhono lezinja lokuzwelana nalo lafundwa e-UK. Abacwaningi begolide uCustance noMeyer benza ucwaningo olunjalo. Baqoqa izinja ezingaqeqeshiwe (ikakhulukazi ama-mestizo) futhi benza izimo eziningana ezihilela abanikazi balezi zinja nabantu abangabazi. Phakathi nesifundo, umnikazi wenja nomuntu angamazi bakhuluma ngomoya ophansi, baphikisana, noma baqala ukukhala. Ucabanga ukuthi izinja ziziphathe kanjani?

Uma bobabili abantu bekhuluma noma bephikisana ngomoya ophansi, izinja eziningi zaziza kubaninizo zihlale ezinyaweni zazo. Kodwa uma umfokazi eqala ukukhala, inja ngokushesha yagijima yaya kuye. Khona-ke inja yashiya inkosi yayo futhi yaya kumuntu angamazi ayibona okokuqala ekuphileni kwayo, ukuze izame ukumduduza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "abangane bomuntu" ...

Ingabe ufuna amacala amaningi ozwela endle? Ama-orangutan akha “amabhuloho” phakathi kwezihlahla zamawundlu kanye nezizwe ezibuthakathaka ezingakwazi ukweqa isikhathi eside. Inyosi inikela ngokuphila kwayo ukuze ivikele ikoloni layo. Amathrushes abonisa umhlambi mayelana nokusondela kwenyoni edla inyama - ngaleyo ndlela iziveze. Amahlengethwa adudulela abalimele emanzini ukuze akwazi ukuphefumula, kunokuba abashiye esiphethweni sawo. Awu, usacabanga ukuthi uzwela luwumuntu kuphela?

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zinenkolelo-mbono yokuthi i-altruism endle ingenye yezimbangela zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izilwane ezizizwayo futhi eziqondayo, ezikwazi ukuqoqana futhi zisizane, azihlinzeki ngokuphila komuntu ngamunye, kodwa kweqembu.

Ososayensi basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze baqonde amakhono engqondo ezilwane, umbono wabo ngezwe elibazungezile kanye nazo ngokwazo. Udaba olubalulekile kulesi sihloko ukuzazi. Ingabe izilwane ziyayiqonda imingcele yemizimba yazo, ingabe ziyazazi? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo yezilwane uGordon Gallup sithuthukise "ukuhlolwa kwesibuko". Ingqikithi yayo ilula kakhulu. Kwafakwa uphawu olungavamile esilwaneni, bese silethwa esibukweni. Umgomo wawuwukubona ukuthi isihloko sizokunaka yini ukucabanga kwabo? Ingabe uzoqonda ukuthi yini eshintshile? Ingabe uzozama ukususa uphawu ukuze abuyele ekubukekeni kwakhe okuvamile?

Lolu cwaningo selwenziwa iminyaka eminingana. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi akubona abantu kuphela abazibona esibukweni, kodwa futhi nezindlovu, amahlengethwa, ama-gorilla nezimfene, ngisho nezinyoni ezithile. Kodwa amakati, izinja nezinye izilwane azizange zizazi. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuzazi? Mhlawumbe ucwaningo ludinga indlela ehlukile?

Ngempela. Ukuhlolwa okufana ne "Mirror" kwenziwa nezinja. Kodwa esikhundleni sesibuko, ososayensi basebenzisa izimbiza zomchamo. Inja yangeniswa ekamelweni lapho kwakukhona khona “amasampula” amaningana aqoqwe ezinjeni ezihlukahlukene kanye nenja yokuhlola. Inja yahogela isikhathi eside imbiza ngayinye yomchamo womunye, yazindela kweyayo umzuzwana yadlula. Kuvela ukuthi izinja nazo ziyazazi - kodwa hhayi ngesithombe esibukwayo esibukweni noma esithombeni, kodwa ngephunga.

Uma namuhla singazi ngento ethile, lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikho. Izindlela eziningi azikakahlolisiswa. Asiqondi okuningi, hhayi kuphela ku-physiology nokuziphatha kwezilwane, kodwa nakwethu. Isayensi isenendlela ende futhi engathi sína okufanele ihanjwe, futhi kusafanele sakhe isiko lokusebenzelana nabanye abakhileyo emhlabeni, sifunde ukuphila ngokuthula nabo futhi singayibukeli phansi imizwelo yabo. Maduze kuzoba nososayensi abasha abazokwenza izifundo ezinkulu nakakhulu, futhi sizokwazi okwengeziwe ngezakhamuzi zeplanethi yethu.

Cabanga nje: sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka amakati nezinja behlala ndawonye nabantu. Yebo, babona umhlaba ngamehlo ahlukene. Abakwazi ukuzifaka ezicathulweni zethu. Abazi ukuthi baqonde kanjani imiyalo yethu noma incazelo yamagama ngaphandle kwemfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Masikhulume iqiniso, futhi mancane amathuba okuba bafunde imicabango ... Nokho, lokhu akubavimbeli ekusizweleni ngokucashile, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto, amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Manje kukithi!