Izinhlobo ze-parrot yase-Amazon

Ama-parrots ase-Amazon ayizinyoni ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezinekhono. Sifunde ngezici zokuziphatha kwabo, izintandokazi zokudla kanye nesimo sabo sengqondo ngomuntu esihlokweni. Ama-Amazoni. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zalezi zidalwa ezihlakaniphile nezikhanyayo ziningi. I-parrot ngayinye ine-zest yayo: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umehluko wangaphandle ezihlotsheni, isici sendawo yokuhlala emvelweni noma ithalente lokucula, ukukhuluma, ukuxhumana nabantu.

Ukuhlukana kwama-Amazons akubonakali nje kuphela phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaphansi, kodwa ngaphakathi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, inyoni ngayinye ingubuntu obungase buhluke ngokuphawulekayo ezihlotsheni zayo.

Mayelana nobuhlakani, ama-parrots ase-Amazon angeyesibili kupholi wase-Afrika ompunga, akunzima ukuwuthambisa, njengoba izinyoni ngokwazo zikhangwa abantu.

Inyoni ejabule ehlala ngokuthula nothando nomnikazi wayo iyakwazi ukujabulisa noma yimuphi umuntu ngothando, ukuzinikela nomusa. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-Amazon nomnikazi wayo bujulile kakhulu futhi buthinta inhliziyo, inyoni "iphefumula" nomngane wayo, iba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu ngaphandle kwalokho akukho mcimbi owodwa ozoshiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa.

Ukuze siwazi kangcono ama-Amazons, ake sibheke uhlobo ngalunye ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngeke kube lula kuwe kuphela ukuhamba lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwe-parrot, kodwa ukuqonda kokuguquguquka kwalezi zinyoni, okungavamile kanye nenani kuzofika.

Ngezigaba ezihlukene, inani lezinhlobo zopholi lingasukela ku-26 kuye kwezingama-32. Sibale izinhlobo ezingu-30, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisanda kutholwa: i-Amazona kawalli futhi sasho ezimbili esezingasekho: i-Amazona violacea ne-Amazona martinica.

I-Amazon muller

 (I-Amazona farnosa - "i-Amazon yofulawa")

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi ashisayo ashisayo aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, enyakatho yeBrazil.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zama-Amazons, ubukhulu bomzimba wenyoni buyi-38-42 cm, isisindo 550-700 g. Kukhona ukufana kwangaphandle kwe-Amazona ochrocephala oratrix, i-yellow-headed subspecies ye-Amazon yaseSurinamese.

Umbala we-parrot uhlaza nge-gray-white "powder", enikeza i-hue smoky kanye nomphumela wokuba yimpuphu ngofulawa. Indawo ephuzi ingabonwa ngaphambili kwekhanda kwabanye abantu. Ngemuva kwekhanda, izimpaphe zihlotshiswe ngomngcele obanzi ompunga-violet, izindandatho zamehlo zimhlophe qwa. Ukugoqa kwamaphiko kunomnqumo obomvu noma obomvu-ophuzi, ekugcineni kwezimpaphe zokundiza zibukhwebezi-mhlophe.

Ayikho i-dimorphism yocansi.

Ngokuphila ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zidinga izindawo ezivalekile kanye nokudla okulinganiselayo, kucatshangelwa izidingo zomuntu ngamunye zalolu hlobo (ngenxa yokungondleki, ama-parrots avame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwevithamini A). Zikhuluphala ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ukuthambekela kwazo ekukhuluphaleni kusithinta kabi isimo esivamile senyoni.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umsebenzi womzimba njalo kuma-Amazons. Ama-Amazons kaMuller yizinyoni ezinomsindo kakhulu, anamathela kalula kubantu. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, zingaba nolaka kwabanye abantu nezinyoni. I-parrot izovikela umnikazi wayo ngomhawu ekuxhumaneni nabanye futhi ifune ukunakwa okungenakuhlukaniswa. 

I-Amazon Muller ihlukaniswe yaba yi-5 subspecies, eminye imithombo ikhombisa i-3, isizathu sokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwama-taxonomists sizocaca ngezansi:

• I-Amazona farinosa iwuhlobo oluncane olukhethiwe olunesiqephu esikhulu sekhanda esiphuzi.
• I-Amazona farinosa inornata inkulu kunezinhlobo ezincane, izimpaphe eziphuzi cishe azikho ekhanda eliluhlaza.
• I-Amazona farinosa chapmani - ihluke ku-inornata ngobukhulu obukhulu kuphela, ngakho-ke ezinye izazi zezinyoni ziwahlanganisa abe yi-subspecies eyodwa - i-inornata.
• I-Amazona farinosa virenticeps - umbala wawo wonke umzimba walezi zinhlobo ezincane uphuzi-luhlaza, futhi ibunzi ne-frenulum luhlaza nge-tint encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-Amazona farinosa guatemalae - emithonjeni yesiNgisi ungathola isitatimende sokuthi lo upholi uyi-Amazon enekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa kancane kancane, iphendukela emuva, umbala uba grey. Izimpaphe ezisogwini lwephiko zinombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ama-parrots afana ne-subspecies virenticeps, ngaphandle kombala wekhanda.

Royal (St. Vincent) Amazon

 (I-Amazona guildingii)

Indawo yokuhlala: Amahlathi emvula ase-St. Vincent Island.

Umbala we-parrot muhle kakhulu: i-tint eluhlaza kanye nomnqumo ezimpapheni zangemuva ezinsundu zegolide. Ikhanda linombala osawolintshi, isiphongo nangaphambili kwekhanda kumhlophe ngokushintsha okushelelayo kuya kokuphuzi. Izihlathi kanye nendawo ezungeze izindlebe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet, isisu se-parrot sinombala osagolide.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-500, ngenxa yokubamba izinyoni ngokungemthetho, ukuzingelwa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yazo, inani labantu emphakathini lalicishe libe yizinyoni eziyi-XNUMX kuphela. Namuhla lolu hlobo luvikelwe yi-CITES.

imperial amazon

(Kaiser's Amazon) (Amazona imperialis)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi ashisayo nezintaba ze-Lesser Antilles kanye ne-Dominican Islands.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zama-Amazons, ubukhulu bomzimba bufinyelela ku-47 cm. Umbala oyinhloko we-parrot uluhlaza ngohlaka olumnyama lwezimpaphe, ibunzi nezihlathi zinombala onsomi onsundu, nezindlebe zibomvu-nsundu. Ikhanda, intamo kanye nesisu kunsomi.

Esibhakabhakeni, i-amazon yasebukhosini ekhuphukayo ifana kakhulu nenyoni edla inyama: ubukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, ukushaya kwamaphiko okungavamile kanye nekhono lokuhlala emoyeni isikhathi eside kungadukisa noma yimuphi umbukeli.

Ayikho i-dimorphism yobulili kulolu hlobo lwama-parrot. I-Imperial Amazons ihlala emigodini yezihlahla, inzalo esesimweni setshwele elilodwa ivela kanye kuphela eminyakeni emibili.

Ama-parrots akwazi ukukhamuluka kakhulu ngamaphimbo ahlukene, afana kakhulu nemisindo eyenziwa ngamapayipi.

Izinhlobo eziyivelakancane kakhulu, esezoshabalala. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, inani labantu lalihlanganisa abantu abayikhulu kuphela. Lolu hlobo luye lwahlushwa ukubanjwa nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni okungalawuleki, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu kanye neziphepho ezinamandla - zicekela phansi indawo yazo. I-Imperial Amazons ivikelwe yi-CITES.

Okunethezeka kwe-Amazon

 (Usesho lwe-Amazon)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi e-araucaria aseningizimu ye-Brazil, ukufuduka kwesizini okuya enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina naseParaguay.

Inyoni eluhlaza enezimpaphe ezibomvu ezungeze amehlo, ebunzini, ekugoqeni kwamaphiko nasezimpapheni zokundiza ze-oda lokuqala. Amaphethelo ezimpaphe zokundiza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwabesifazane, inani lezimpaphe ezibomvu emaphikweni ayinhloko alikho ngaphezu kwezicucu ezingu-6, imiphetho iluhlaza.

Inyoni engavamile ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo kanye nokubanjwa ngokungemthetho ngabazingeli. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa kukahulumeni waseBrazil, inani labantu emphakathini landa lafinyelela ezinyonini ngo-1997 ngo-16000.

Umkhosi (umkhosi, onentshebe eluhlaza) Amazon

 (I-Amazon yomkhosi)

Indawo yokuhlala: Amahlathi eBrazil, e-Ecuador, eColombia, eVenezuela, e-Amazon nase-Orinoco.

Le nyoni inombala oluhlaza okumnyama inomngcele omncane omnyama engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba. Ebunzini kunomugqa obomvu ofinyelela emehlweni, itomu libomvu ngokumnyama, ingxenye engezansi yomhlane ibomvu. Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ovela emehlweni, "othinta" kancane ezihlathini, uya emphinjeni. Isilevu nendawo ngenhla kwamehlo kuhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zokundiza ezilandelanayo ziluhlaza futhi zinomphetho ngokuphuzi, kuyilapho izimpaphe zokundiza zohlelo lwesibili ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet.

Umkhosi we-Amazon uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi:

• I-Amazona festiva festiva iwuhlobo oluthile lwezinhlobo ezahlukene.
• I-Amazona festiva bodini - izithunzi ezigcwele izimpaphe, umbala ophuzi ngokugqamile, itomu elicishe libe mnyama, kanye nomugqa onsomi ngaphezu kwamehlo.

Upholi ohlakaniphile okwazi ukuthambisa nokufundiswa ingxoxo namaqhinga.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa njengeminyaka eyikhulu, nokho, isikhathi sokuphila senyoni siyiminyaka engu-24,5 kuphela.

I-Amazon enamehlo amhlophe (amehlo abomvu).

 (Amazon albifron)

Indawo yokuhlala: kusukela emahlathini ashisayo ase-Central America kuya enyakatho yeCosta Rica. Okungavamile kwe-Amazon emhlophe-fronted ngobukhulu bayo 26 cm, isisindo 370 amagremu - lena uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lwe-Amazon.

Inyoni iluhlaza ngombala, inebala elimhlophe esiphongweni, amehlo afakwe "izibuko" ezibomvu, kunezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva kwekhanda. Ematshwele, indawo emhlophe incane kakhulu futhi iphuzi, i-redging ebomvu nayo iyancipha futhi iphaphathekile. Amaduna anomugqa obomvu ezimpikweni zawo, ezinsikazi zinamehlo ansundu ngokubomvu. Amaphiko okundiza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu kanye nomsila ophuzi-luhlaza.

Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka engaba ngu-50. Lolu hlobo lwe-Amazon ludume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinyoni. Ama-parrots awathobekile, nakuba ezwela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, njengawo wonke ama-Amazons.

I-Amazona albifrons ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezintathu:

• I-Amazona albifrons albifrons, i-Amazon engaphambili emhlophe yi-subspecies ezibizayo.
• I-Amazona albifrons nana, I-Amazon encane engaphambili emhlophe - incane kancane kunezinhlobo ezincane ezizisholo, azikho ngaphezu kuka-24 cm.
• I-Amazona albifrons saltuensis, i-Amazon engaphambili emhlophe yaseSonorian, ihlukaniswa ngezimpaphe zayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Blue-fronted (red-shouldered) Amazon

 (I-Amazon yasehlobo)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi aminyene ashisayo ase-Argentina, eBrazil, eBolivia naseParaguay.

Izinyoni eziluhlaza ezinebala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebunzini, okuthi, ngenxa ye-heterogeneity ye-shades kumuntu ngamunye, zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa noma iyiphi i-parrot emhlambini. Umphimbo, izihlathi kanye ne-nape yellow. Ayikho i-dimorphism yobulili kulolu hlobo.

I-Amazona aestiva ihlukaniswe yaba i-subspecies ezimbili: i-Amazona aestiva aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758), okuyi-Amazona aestiva xanthopteryx eqokiwe (Berlepsch, 1896).

I-subspecies ebizwa ngokuthi i-subspecies ibonakala ngezimpaphe ezibomvu phansi kwephiko, futhi i-Amazon enamahlombe aphuzi endaweni efanayo ekugoqeni kwamaphiko ihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe eziphuzi ezinamabala abomvu angavamile.

Ama-Amazons anobuso obuluhlaza aphila isikhathi eside, iminyaka yezinyoni ezithunjiwe ingafinyelela iminyaka engama-90.

Uhlobo lwe-parrot oludumile lokugcinwa ekhaya, nakuba ukuzalanisa okuthunjiwe kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Ama-parrots afuna kakhulu ngaphansi kwemibandela. Ngisho nase-aviary evulekile futhi ekhululekile, izinyoni zingajwayela imvelo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kodwa uma zithanda indawo, khona-ke eminyakeni embalwa uzobona ukuvela okuphindaphindiwe kwenzalo kusuka kuma-parrots akho.

Izinyoni zihlekisa kalula imisindo nenkulumo yabantu, zinekhono ezinhlobonhlobo zamaqhinga. Bangakwazi njalo ukubona umnikazi wabo esixukwini. Ama-Amazon anamahlombe abomvu ayakwazi ukwenza imisindo yokusika, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqeqesha inyoni. Ngenxa yokukhuliswa, ngeke uzwe ukukhala okunjalo kubo kuyaqabukela.

Ama-Amazon anobuso obuluhlaza azwela emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-12C. Umoya obandayo uyingozi kulezi zinyoni, ngisho nangesikhathi esifushane.

Blue-capped (lilac-headed) Amazon

 (umgibeli we-finschi)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi e-coniferous kanye ne-oki, amahlathi ashisayo engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeMexico.

Umbala uluhlaza, ebunzini nangaphambili kwekhanda ku-violet-brown, izimpaphe zekhanda zine-lilac-blue tint, edlula kusukela ngemuva kwekhanda kuye entanyeni - inyoni ine-hood ekhanda layo, isisu sinombala kalamula. Izindandatho ezizungeze amehlo zimpunga. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lwesibili ziyi-blue-violet, izimpaphe ezinhlanu zokuqala zinamabala abomvu.

Ngenxa yokugasela njalo emasimini kabhanana, athathwa njengezinambuzane.

Kusukela ngo-2004, lolu hlobo luvikelwe yi-CITES. Inani labantu base-Amazons anamakepisi aluhlaza lihlanganisa abantu abayizi-7-000.

Blue-cheeked (orange-winged) Amazon

 (I-Amazona dufresnian)

Indawo yokuhlala: imihlume, amahlathi ashisayo kanye nosebe lwemifula enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, eSuriname, eGuyana, eningizimu yeVenezuela.

Upholi oluhlaza onomngcele omnyama emzimbeni ongaphezulu. Izihlathi nomphimbo kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ibunzi nelore kuphuzi. Kukhona umugqa osawolintshi ophikweni.

Uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu.

enobuso obuluhlaza

(Sentlusian, multi-colored) Amazon (Amazona versicolor)

Indawo yokuhlala: imiqansa yamahlathi asezintabeni ezinomswakama we-Lesser Antilles (St. Lucia).

Inyoni enkulu (43 cm), umbala oyinhloko uluhlaza. Izimpaphe zekhanda, izihlathi nezindlebe ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebunzini buluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet. Kwamanye ama-bluefaces, indawo ebomvu ingabonakala esifubeni. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lokuqala ziyi-blue-violet, i-oda lesibili liluhlaza ngemiphetho eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet. Izimpaphe ezidlulele zihlotshiswe ngendawo ebomvu.

Uhlobo lwama-Amazons oseluzoshabalala ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokuzingela okungalawuleki kwalezi zinyoni, ukuqedwa kwendawo yazo yemvelo. Ngeshwa, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-400, inani labantu lancipha laba yizinyoni ze-1980. Kusukela ngo-XNUMX, i-Amazon enobuso obuluhlaza bekuyinyoni yesizwe yalesi siqhingi. I-Saint Lucia.

I-wine Breasted (iwayini-bomvu, ijuba) Amazon

 (i-Amazona vinacea)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi kaphayini, amahlathi ashisayo ashisayo, amathambeka ezintaba namahlathi aseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBrazil, Paraguay ne-Argentina.

Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe uluhlaza, umngcele wezimpaphe ezimnyama ugijima ekhanda nasemuva. Uqhwaku namatomu kubomvu, umphimbo nesisu kuhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezibomvu zewayini ezinomphetho omnyama noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Opholi abafuywa ngewayini sebezoshabalala ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo zopholi: ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokulahlekelwa indawo yemvelo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi endaweni yokulima.

I-Amazon enobuso obubomvu (ephuzi-ezihlathini).

 (Ama-Amazona autumnalis)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi ashisayo aseningizimu ye-Ecuador, eNingizimu Melika naseMpumalanga yeMexico.

Inyoni ekhanyayo futhi enhle kakhulu. Isiphongo sipendwe ngokubomvu, izihlathi ziphuzi, ingxenye ye-parietal inombala onsomi okhanyayo nomngcele omnyama. Emehlweni, izimpaphe ezimnyama, ezifana nezinkophe, ziwazungeza ngendandatho emhlophe egqamisa amehlo awolintshi. Ayikho i-dimorphism yocansi.

I-Amazon enobuso obubomvu ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezine ezingaphansi:

• I-Amazona autumnalis autumnalis yi-subspecies ezibizayo.
• I-Amazona autumnalis diadema - ibonakala ngombala obomvu webunzi nezihlathi ezine-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• I-Amazona autumnalis salvini - le subspecies inezihlathi eziluhlaza-ophuzi, kanti izimpaphe zomsila we-lateral zibomvu. Iphaphathekile ngombala uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezincanyana. Ayidumile kakhulu kubanikazi bezinyoni.
• I-Amazona autumnalis lilacina - i-parrot ifana ne-subspecies ebizwa ngokuthi, kodwa umbala umnyama kakhulu.

I-Amazon enobuso obubomvu iyisilwane esifuywayo esithandwayo, unekhono futhi uqeqeshelwe kalula ukukhuluma. Enye yezinto ezimbi zalolu hlobo umsindo omkhulu: izinyoni zithanda ukwenza umsindo nokuluma.

amazon anomphimbo obomvu

 (I-Amazona arausiaca)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi e-alpine, imihlume ye-Lesser Antilles naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil.

Izimpaphe ziluhlaza, ingaphambili lekhanda, kuhlanganise nezihlathi nentamo, liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet, entanyeni kukhona umugqa wezimpaphe ezibomvu, ubukhulu bawo bungahluka ngobukhulu, kwezinye izinyoni buvala iningi lesifuba. .

Ama-Amazon anemiqala ebomvu angaphansi kokuvikelwa kwesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokuvikela imvelo yemvelo CITES. Izinhlobo zopholi zisengozini. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-400, kwakunabantu abangama-XNUMX kuphela balolu hlobo emhlabeni.

I-Amazon enomsila obomvu (waseBrazil).

 (I-Amazona brasiliensis)

Indawo yokuhlala: imihlume namahlathi ashisayo engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil.

I-parrot iluhlaza ngombala, ibunzi, itomu neziphetho zamaphiko zibomvu, kukhona indawo ephuzi e-orange-yellow ekhanda, ikhanda ngokwalo li-violet-blue.

Nakuba lolu hlobo lungenawo amakhono avelele, lungatholakala phakathi kwabathandi bopholi.

Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokubanjwa ngokungemthetho kwama-Amazons aseBrazil kuye kwaholela engozini yokushabalala. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-3000, lolu hlobo lwaluhlanganisa abantu abayi-XNUMX kuphela. I-Amazona brasiliensis ivikelwe yi-CITES.

amazon anentamo ephuzi

 (I-Amazona auropalliata)

Indawo yokuhlala: ingxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMexico ukuya eCosta Rica.

Njengawo wonke ama-Amazons, umbala oyinhloko wenyoni uluhlaza, izimpaphe zekhanda ziluhlaza, kodwa nge-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, intamo ne-nape kuhlotshiswe ngendawo ephuzi ekhanyayo. Izimpaphe ezindizela phansi eziluhlaza zihlanjululwe ngophaphe oluncane olubomvu.

Umbono odume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinyoni. Unekhono, unobudlelwane futhi unothando. Uwuthanda kakhulu umphakathi wesintu, ufunda kalula ukukhuluma futhi uzinikele kahle ekuqeqeshweni.

Amanye ama-taxonomists ahlukanisa ama-Amazon anentamo ephuzi abe yizinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi:

• I-Amazon enentamo ephuzi (Amazona Auropalliata);
• I-Nicaragua Amazon (Amazona Parvipes);
• I-Amazon yaseCaribbean (i-Amazona Caribaea).

Izalanisa ngempumelelo lapho ivalelwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo.

I-Amazon enamahlombe aphuzi (enamaphiko aphuzi).

 (I-Amazon barbadensis)

Indawo yokuhlala: ama-shrublands, amathafa kanye nezindawo ezisogwini zaseBonaire Island, eVenezuela. Ngeshwa, ama-Amazon anamahlombe aphuzi awasekho esiqhingini sase-Aruba.

I-pluge eluhlaza enomkhawulo omnyama. Ingaphambili lekhanda limhlophe, ingemuva lekhanda, izihlathi, indawo ezungeze amehlo nomphimbo ziphuzi ngokugqamile. Ukugoqa kwamaphiko nezimpaphe emilenzeni engezansi nakho kuphuzi. Uhlangothi lwangaphandle lwezimpaphe zokundiza lubomvu, futhi iziphetho ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama.

Insikazi inoqhwaku oluncanyana kanye nombala wekhanda ophaphathekile.

Ama-Amazon anamahlombe aphuzi ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu futhi avamile phakathi kwabathandi bopholi. Bahlangana kalula nabantu, izidalwa ezinobungane kakhulu, ezinothando nezihlakaniphile. Lolu hlobo alunomsindo. Ukuzalanisa ekuthunjweni akuvamile, kodwa kukhona amacala aphumelelayo.

Ama-Amazon anamaphiko aphuzi asonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa futhi ngenxa yalokho avikelwe yi-CITES.

Yellow-bridled (Yucatan) Amazon

 (I-Amazona xantholora)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi avuthuluka emvula, imihlume, izindawo ezomile ezivulekile zeNhlonhlo yaseYucatan neMexico, iBelize, iHonduras, iRoatan kanye neziqhingi zaseCozumel.

Izimpaphe eziyinhloko ziluhlaza ngonqenqema olumnyama. Ngaphandle, abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane. Amaduna anesiphongo esimhlophe, umphetho obomvu ezungeze amehlo, itomu eliphuzi, nekhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lokuqala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isisekelo sezimpaphe zomsila kanye nama-coverts abomvu.

Abesifazane banesiphongo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esi-lilac esihlanganiswe nezimpaphe ezimhlophe, futhi sibomvu eduze kwamehlo. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lokuqala ziluhlaza, izembozo zingaba bomvu ngokuphelele.

Opholi abanomsindo abaphila impilo yokuzulazula. Emini, abantu abangafika kwabangama-50 babuthana njengemihlambi, kuyilapho ebusuku inani labo lingadlula izinyoni eziyi-1500.

amazon anekhanda eliphuzi

 (I-Amazona oratrix)

Indawo yokuhlala: iMexico, iBelize, iGuatemala, ingxenye esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHonduras.

Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe uluhlaza, isifuba, intamo kanye nomhlane kukhona okuluhlaza okujulile okunomngcele omnyama. Ikhanda liphuzi, kodwa kuye ngokuthi i-subspecies ye-Amazon enekhanda eliphuzi, i-shades of plumage nombala ophuzi wekhanda ingaba kuphela ngesimo samachashazi noma ngokuphambene nalokho - mbala ngokuphelele izindawo ezinkulu zomzimba.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-Amazons, ubukhulu bomzimba bufinyelela ku-41 cm.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezincane ze-Amazons anekhanda eliphuzi (i-Amazona oratrix) kanye ne-yellow-fronted Amazons (i-Amazona ochracephala) inamandla kakhulu futhi ishintsha njalo.

Sizocabangela eyodwa kuphela yezindlela zokuhlukanisa ama-subspecies:

• I-Belizean Amazon (Amazona Belizensis);
• iHonduran (Amazona hondurensis);
• I-Amazon enkulu, enekhanda eliphuzi kabili (Amazona Oratrix).

I-Amazon enekhanda eliphuzi ingenye yezinhlobo ze-Amazon ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezinyoni. Unobudlelwane kakhulu, unekhono, ukwazi ukukhuluma, ukucula kanye nemisindo ehlekisayo - lezi zopholi ziye zazuza izinhliziyo zabaningi. Kubalimi abanolwazi, ukuzalanisa ekuthunjweni akunzima ikakhulukazi.

Endle, ngo-1994, inani labantu base-Amazon elinamakhanda aphuzi lalingekho ngaphezu kwezinyoni ezingu-7000. Lolu hlobo lwe-parrot lungaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-CITES.

Enamadlebe Amnyama (Dominican) Amazon

 (I-Amazona ventralis)

Indawo yokuhlala: amasimu namahlathi ashisayo aseDominican Republic, cishe. I-Haiti. Ngaphambili wayephila cishe. Gonav, kodwa wafa.

Umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe uluhlaza, uphaphe ngalunye lunomngcele omnyama. Indawo ezungeze amehlo, isiphongo kanye ne-frenulum imhlophe. Umqhele unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimpaphe ezizungeze izindlebe zimnyama. Isisu esine-burgundy-brown tint. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lwesibili ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza.

Endle, zakha imihlambi emikhulu, zihlasela amasimu, yingakho zibhekwa njengezinambuzane.

amazon anezihlathi eziluhlaza

 (Ama-Amazon viridigenalis)

Indawo yokuhlala: ncamela imithambeka, unqenqema lwamahlathi, izindawo ezivulekile, amahlozi amahlathi asogwini lwezifunda ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico.

Upholi osayizi omaphakathi, izimpaphe eziluhlaza okotshani, ezinamachashaza abomvu-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphethelweni ezimpaphe zokundiza kanye nezimpaphe ezibomvu ngazinye ezivale. Amaphiko ngokwawo anombala omuhle oluhlaza okotshani. Ikhanda ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya ngemuva kwekhanda linombala obomvu, umbala wezimpaphe ukusuka emehlweni ukuya kumqhele unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezimpapheni zomsila eziluhlaza, emaphethelweni aphuzi.

E-USA, kukhona ukuguqulwa kwe-Amazon enezihlathi eziluhlaza - iLutino.

Insikazi ingahlukaniswa ngobukhulu obuncane bekhanda noqhwaku, kanti indawo ebomvu ekhanda layo incane kakhulu.

EYurophu, lolu hlobo luyivelakancane. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu e-US. Ama-Amazon anezihlathi eziluhlaza yizinyoni ezinothando kakhulu, ezidlalayo futhi ezithambile.

Ngeshwa, inani lezinyoni kubantu liyehla ngenxa yokubanjwa okungekho emthethweni kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo.

Isosha Amazon

 (I-Amazona mercenary)

Indawo yokuhlala: izindawo eziphansi, amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Ecuador, eColombia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeVenezuela.

Upholi onomzimba oluhlaza, ikhanda, umphimbo kanye nesisu kuthe ukulula. Izimpaphe ze-nape nangemuva ziluhlaza ngokumnyama ezinomphetho ompunga-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphiko okugoqa aphuzi noma asawolintshi-ophuzi. Umsila uphuzi-luhlaza.

Ayikho i-dimorphism yocansi.

Isosha lase-Amazon lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi:

• I-mercenary amazon canipalliata;
• I-Mercenary Mercenary Amazona.

Ama-Amazons amasosha ayizinyoni ezinamahloni futhi eziqaphile. Ungazizwa kuphela ekuseni nakusihlwa, phakathi nosuku lonke zifuna ukudla ezigodini, futhi ebusuku zikhetha ukuqoqa imiqhele yezihlahla emahlathini asezintabeni eziphakeme. Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nendlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo lwama-Amazons.

yellow-fronted amazon

(Amazona ochracephala) (Amazona ochracephala)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi emihlume, amahlathi ashisayo, izindawo zokulima zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, kusukela eMexico kuya empumalanga yePeru nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeBrazil.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezincane ze-yellow-fronted (Amazona ochracephala) kanye nama-Amazons anekhanda eliphuzi (Amazona oratrix) kuyaguquguquka kakhulu futhi kuguquguquka njalo.

Sizocubungula eyodwa kuphela yezindlela zokuhlukanisa ama-subspecies.

I-Amazon engaphambili ephuzi ifaka izinhlobo ezi-4 ezingaphansi:

• Panama Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala panamensis);
• Suriname Amazon (Amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala);
• Inkawu yesquirrel (Amazona ochrocephala xantholaema);
• I-Amazon eluhlaza (i-Amazona ochrocephala nattereri).

Upholi ungamasentimitha angama-37 ngosayizi, izimpaphe eziyinhloko ziluhlaza, zimnyama maqondana nomzimba ongaphezulu. Eduze kwe-mandible kukhona amabala abomvu, ebunzini kanye nengxenye yomqhele kuphuzi, ukugoqa kwephiko kubomvu. Ingemuva nentamo kusikwe ngombala omnyama. Izimpaphe zinamabala abomvu. Izimpaphe zomsila ziluhlaza ngombala, ziphenduka zibebomvu eduze nesisekelo.

Umbala ohlukahlukene wopholi ophuzi ngaphambili endle ucebile, kodwa kuvame kakhulu ukubona izinyoni ezimbili kunomhlambi.

Ama-Amazon anombala ophuzi angomunye wopholi engibathandayo, bahlakaniphile, banothando futhi bayahlekisa. Lolu hlobo lwe-Amazon lungaphansi kokuqeqeshwa, ukufunda ukukhuluma nokucula. Kubalimi abaqeqeshiwe, ukukhiqizwa kwalolu hlobo kuvame ukuphumelela.

I-Amazon yasePuerto Rican

 (I-Amazona vittata)

Indawo yokuhlala: izihlahla zesundu, izintaba zaseLuquillo namahlathi emvula cishe. E-Puerto Rico.

Upholi oluhlaza onomphetho omnyama ekugcineni kwezimpaphe. Ngenhla koqhwaku kunomugqa omncane obomvu, isifuba nesisu esinombala ophuzi. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lokuqala kanye nezimbozo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zangaphandle zomsila zibomvu phansi. Izindandatho ezimhlophe ezibanzi ezizungeze amehlo.

I-Amazon yasePuerto Rican ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezincane:

• I-Amazona vittata gracilipes Ridgway, kusukela ngo-1912 iyinhlobo engasekho, cishe. I-Culebra. Ukuqothulwa ngumuntu njengesihlukumezi sezitshalo zezolimo;
• I-Amazona vittata vittata.

Lolu hlobo seluzoshabalala, ngakho luyivelakancane. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-26, kwakunabantu abangu-56 endle kanye no-2006 enkulisa yaseLuquillo. Kepha kakade ku-34, bekunezinyoni ezingaba ngu-40-143 endle yama-Amazons asePuerto Rican kanye nezingu-XNUMX ekuthunjweni.

Namuhla, opholi basendle bahlale begadiwe futhi bavikelekile.

Cuban (ekhanda elimhlophe) Amazon

 (Amazona leucocephala)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi e-coniferous e-Bahamas, eCuba, iziqhingi: i-Little Cayman ne-Grand Cayman.

Umbala womzimba we-parrot uluhlaza ngomngcele omnyama. Ingaphambili lekhanda, ibunzi ukuya ngemuva kwekhanda kanye nendawo ezungeze amehlo kuhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe qhwa, eduze kwezindlebe kukhona umugqa wezimpaphe ezimpunga ezimnyama. Izihlathi, umphimbo kanye nesifuba kubomvu, izimpaphe zesisu ezinombala onsomi omncane. Izimpaphe zomsila ziluhlaza ezinomphetho ophuzi kanye neziqephu ezibomvu. Izimpaphe zendiza zohlelo lokuqala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izinhlobo zama-Amazons aseCuba zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3 noma ezi-5:

• I-Amazona leucocephala leucocephala yi-subspecies ezibizayo.
• I-Amazona leucocephala bahamensis – I-Bahamian Cuban Amazon, indawo ensomi esiswini cishe ayikho, futhi inani lezimpaphe ezimhlophe ekhanda likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nalelo lezinhlobo ezincane.
• I-Amazona leucocephala palmarum – I-Amazon yase-Western Cuba, upholi omnyama kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi. Le subspecies ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizibizo, ngoba umphimbo nesifuba akuzona zonke izinyoni ezihlotshiswe ngokubomvu okubomvu.
• I-Amazona leucocephala hesterna - I-Caiman-Brak Cuban Amazon, umbala we-parrot ulawulwa i-lemon-yellow hue, i-speck ecacile esiswini, kuphela izimpaphe ezibomvu ezikhona entanyeni.
• I-Amazona leucocephala caymanensis – I-Cayman Cuban Amazon, ezinye izazi zezinyoni zibheka lezi zinhlobo ezincane njengezizisho nje. I-lemon hue yezimpaphe eziyinhloko, kuphela ebunzini nezihlathi ezikhanyayo nomphimbo kumhlophe - kwabanye ososayensi lesi akusona isizathu esanele sokuhlukanisa i-caymanensis ibe yi-subspecies ehlukene, ngoba akuzona zonke izinyoni. IGrand Cayman inombala ofanayo.

Ama-Amazons aseCuba athandwa kakhulu abathandi bezinyoni. Lawa ngopholi abakhulumayo, abasheshayo futhi abanomsindo, abadume ngokungathobeki ekudleni. Ama-handsomes kulula ukuwathambisa uma kukhulunywa ngokuqukethwe okukodwa. Ama-Amazon anamakhanda amhlophe mahle ekulingiseni imisindo futhi ayakwazi ukuxoxa.

Ukuzalanisa ekuthunjweni kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane akulula: ukuze kube nomphumela ophumelelayo, izinyoni eziningana zibekwe endaweni ebanzi yezinyoni, zinciphisa ukuxhumana kwazo nabantu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemva kokudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo, ngemva kwesikhashana izinyoni zijwayele futhi ziqala ukukhombisa ukulungela ukuzala. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-Amazons aseCuba aba nolaka olukhulu kubantu angabazi kanye nomakhelwane abavalelwe. Ukuze ugweme izimo ezicindezelayo, umbhangqwana uhlukaniswa nezinye izinyoni.

Ukuthekelisa kanye nokudayiswa kwalolu hlobo akuvunyelwe, kodwa isidingo esikhulu sama-Amazons aseCuba asinciphi, ngakho izinyoni zisengozini. Inani labantu balawa ma-Amazon lifakiwe kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-CITES.

I-Amazon emnyama yaseJamaican

 (I-Amazona agilis)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi emvula aseJamaica.

Izinyoni zinombala oluhlaza okumnyama nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemuva kwekhanda. Izimpaphe ezizungeze izindlebe zimnyama. Kwabesilisa, izimpaphe zesibili zokundiza ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-bomvu, kwabesifazane, amaphiko aluhlaza ngokuphelele.

Ngenxa yombala wawo, ama-Amazon anebhilidi emnyama afihleke kalula emiqhele yezihlahla futhi kunzima ukuwathola. Uma lezi zinyoni zizwa ingozi, ziyathula, okubuye kube nzima ukufuna kwazo.

I-Amazon yaseJamaican enenkokhiso emnyama isengozini enkulu.

I-Amazon enebhilidi eliphuzi yaseJamaican

 (I-Amazon ehlanganisiwe)

Indawo yokuhlala: i-subtropical enomswakama, amahlathi ashisayo, imihlume, izingadi namasimu aseJamaica.

Umbala oluhlaza weparrot onombala ophuzi. Esiphongweni kunebala elimhlophe, ikhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izihlathi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umphimbo nentamo kubomvu kunomngcele oluhlaza.

Ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo engokwemvelo, lezi zilwane zisengozini yokushabalala.

I-Amazon yaseVenezuela (enamaphiko awolintshi).

 (Amazonica amazonica)

Indawo yokuhlala: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru.

I-Amazon yaseVenezuela ifana kancane ne-Amazon enangaphambili eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa incane ngosayizi. Isiphongo nezihlathi zigcwele izimpaphe eziphuzi, nakuba amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nawo avame kakhulu. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-Amazons umbala we-mandible: ongaphambili oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umpunga-mnyama, owaseVenezuela unombala onsundu ngokumpunga. Amehlo afakwe izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emaphikweni ayinhloko kukhona izimpaphe ezinombala obomvu-owolintshi. I-dimorphism yocansi ayivezwa.

I-Amazon yaseVenezuela ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi: okuzisholo (iVenezuela, iBrazil, iColombia) kanye ne-Amazona amazonica tobagensis (iziqhingi zaseTobago naseTrinidad). Umehluko usembala kuphela wezimpaphe zokundiza nezindawo zokuhlala. I-subspecies ebizwa ngokuthi inezimpaphe ezintathu ezibomvu-owolintshi ephikweni, kanti i-subspecies yesibili inezinhlanu. Endizeni, lezi zimpaphe eziwolintshi ezikhanyayo zibonakala kakhulu.

Endle, yaduma njengezinambuzane zezolimo.

Izilwane ezifuywayo ezidumile, zingafundiswa ukukhuluma, isilulumagama sama-Amazons aseVenezuela singamagama angama-50, ziyakwazi ukwenza amaqhinga futhi ziphinde ngempumelelo imisindo ezungezile. Bathanda ukuklabalasa, okuyinto embi kakhulu uma ungaqali ukuqeqesha inyoni. Izala kahle ekhaya.

Ekuthunjweni, bangaphila iminyaka engama-70.

I-Amazon Tucuman

 (Tucuman Amazon)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi emvula aseningizimu yeBolivia nase-Argentina. Ebusika, opholi behlela emathafeni.

Le nyoni iluhlaza ngombala futhi inomngcele ocebile omnyama ozungeze umkhawulo wezimpaphe. Izimpaphe ezibomvu esiphongweni futhi zikhuphuke zifike phakathi ngemuva kwekhanda. Amaphiko okundiza esibili nawo abomvu, amaphiko omsila aluhlaza, phansi kanye namaphethelo amaphiko omsila aphuzi ngokuluhlaza. Ezinyonini ezindala, izimpaphe zomlenze ongezansi zinombala osawolintshi-ophuzi, kanti kuma-Amazons amaTucuman amancane aluhlaza. Ayikho i-dimorphism yocansi.

Ngenxa yokuqothulwa okungalawuleki kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, kunama-Amazons angama-Tucuman angama-5500 kuphela.

Lolu hlobo aludumile ngokugcinwa luvalelwe.

I-Amazon Cavalla, enobuso obumhlophe

(I-Amazon kawalli)

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi ashisayo nezindawo ezisogwini zemifula e-Amazon naseCentral Brazil.

Le nyoni iluhlaza, ngaphansi koqhwaku kunendawo engenazimpaphe enombala omhlophe, ngemuva kwekhanda nangemuva kopholi kumhlophe-luhlaza. Izimpaphe ezisogwini lwephiko kanye nomsila ophuzi-luhlaza. Kunamabala amathathu abomvu ezimpapheni zokundiza zohlelo lwesibili.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-Amazon ye-Cavalla ifana ne-Müller Amazon, isikhathi eside yayibhekwa njenge-subspecies ye-"flour Amazon". Muva nje, ngo-1989, i-Amazon enobuso obumhlophe yaqashelwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukene, umehluko omkhulu ovela e-Amazon ka-Muller ubukhulu bomzimba we-Cavalla (35-37 cm) kanye nokuba khona kwesibaya sesikhumba esikhanyayo esisekelweni. i-mandible.

Kuze kube sekupheleni, indlela yokuphila ye-Amazons Cavalla ayizange ifundwe.

amazon abomvu

(I-Amazona rhodocorytha )

Indawo yokuhlala: amahlathi agudla imifula yezifunda ezimaphakathi neBrazil (Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Bahia, Alagoas), ubusika emihlumeni.

Izimpaphe eziyinhloko ziluhlaza, ibunzi ne-parietal zone zibomvu, izihlathi, izindlebe kanye nomphimbo kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabala aphuzi ezihlathini. Izimpaphe zangemuva nangemuva zekhanda zenziwe ngomngcele omnyama. Emaphethelweni amaphiko anombala kalamula, izimpaphe ezintathu zokuqala zohlelo lwesibili zibomvu. Ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zomsila unombala osawolintshi.

Ukulahlekelwa indawo engokwemvelo kuye kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi lezi zilwane zisengozini yokushabalala.

† Purple (Guadalupe) Amazon

 (I-Amazona violacea)

Lolu hlobo lwalutholakala eGuadeloupe.

Izinhlobo ezingasekho (zafa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX). I-azon ensomi kukholakala ukuthi iyinhlobonhlobo enkulu ye-imperial amazon.

UGmelin ngo-1789, esekelwe ezincazelweni zezinyoni zaseGuadeloupe kaDu Tertre (1654,1667 1742), J. Labat (1760) noBrisson 1779, wachaza i-Amazon yaseGuadeloupe. Emuva ngo-XNUMX, u-J. Buffon waphawula ukuthi i-Amazon onsomi iyinyoni eyivelakancane kakhulu.

† Martinique Amazon

(I-Amazon yaseMartinian)

Lolu hlobo lwashabalala ngaphambi kuka-1800 ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yaso yemvelo esiqhingini saseMartinique (I-Lesser Antilles).

Ingeka-subspecies ye-Amazon yasebukhosini. Le nyoni yayifana ne-Amazon ensomi engasekho (Amazona violacea). Izimpaphe emhlane zaziluhlaza, futhi ngenhla, zifinyelela ngemuva kwekhanda, zimpunga.

Ama-parrots ayingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo, umuntu ayilungisa kabusha ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihlala emahlathini emvula nama-savannah zisengozini yokushabalala. Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezinsiza, kucatshangelwa izidingo zezakhamuzi ezinezimpaphe, ukuvikelwa nokulawula ukubanjwa kwazo, kungasithuthukisa kancane isimo lapho lezi zidalwa ezinhle nezihlakaniphe ngendlela emangalisayo zizithola zikuso.