Amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngezintuthwane - izinambuzane ezincane kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu

Izintuthwane ziyizinambuzane eziyingxenye ye-Hymenoptera. Bakha izigaba ezintathu: abesilisa, abesifazane nabasebenzi. Izintuthwane zihlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane. Bangawadala ngokhuni, enhlabathini, ngaphansi kwamadwala. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezihlala ezidlekeni zezinye izintuthwane.

Njengamanje, lezi zinambuzane zingahlala ngisho nasezindlini zabantu. Abaningi manje sebebhekwa njengezinambuzane. Zidla ikakhulukazi ujusi wezitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezinye izinambuzane. Kunezinhlobo ezingadla imbewu noma isikhunta esitshaliwe.

Izintuthwane zaqale zatholwa isazi sezinambuzane u-Erich Wasmann. Wabuye wabhala ngabo emsebenzini wakhe wesayensi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka amaqiniso angu-10 athakazelisayo ngezintuthwane zezingane.

10 I-Paraporera clavata ibizwa ngokuthi "izintuthwane zezinhlamvu"

Ababaningi abantu abaziyo mayelana nalolu hlobo lwezintuthwane like i-paraporera clavata. Abantu bendawo bababiza ngokuthi “izintuthwane zenhlamvu». Bathola isidlaliso esingajwayelekile ngenxa yobuthi babo, obuthinta umuntu emini.

Lolu hlobo lwentuthwane luhlala eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu. Zinoshevu onamandla kakhulu, ongenawo amandla alinganayo ngisho neminyovu nezinyosi. Izinambuzane zinobude obungamamilimitha angama-25 kuphela, kodwa ukuhlaba kwazo kungu-3,5 mm.

Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga ngobuthi, kwatholakala i-peptide ekhubazekile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwezinye izizwe zezintuthwane isetshenziswa njengemikhuba ethile. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuthwasa kwabafana.

Izingane zigqoka amagilavu ​​ezandleni ezigcwele lezi zinambuzane ngokuphelele. Ngemva kokuthola umthamo omkhulu wobuthi, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana kwenzeka. Ukuzwela buya kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

9. Esinye sezinambuzane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu

Izintuthwane ziyizinambuzane ezihlakaniphile nezimangalisayo. Impilo yabo ingaphansi kwe-algorithms eqinile kuphela.. Zikhona kusukela ekufikeni kwama-dinosaurs emhlabeni wethu. Kodwa, nokho, bakwazi ukusindisa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kuze kube namuhla. Njengamanje, kunabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izintuthwane zikwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuba zithole ukudla, kanye nokumaka indlela eya kukho futhi kusize izidleke zazo zikwenze.

Lezi zinambuzane ezimangalisayo azikwazi ukuvikela ukudla kuphela, kodwa futhi zizigcine ngokwazo. Ikakhulukazi eziswini zabo ezincane bangaphatha uju.

8. Indlovukazi ingaphila iminyaka engama-30

Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izintuthwane ziyefana namadolobha abantu. Indawo ngayinye enjalo inokwabiwa kwayo kwemisebenzi.

Izintuthwane “zamasosha” zigada isibeletho (indlovukazi yazo zonke izintuthwane), kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezitheni. "Izisebenzi" ezilula zibeka izindlu, zandise. Abanye bamatasatasa beqoqa ukudla.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izintuthwane zingabuthana ndawonye ukuze zisindise indlovukazi yazo. Okumangazayo ukuthi insikazi ayihlangene negama. Umsebenzi wakhe, awufeza ngokuqinile, uwukukhiqiza futhi akukho okunye.

Indlovukazi ingaphila isikhathi eside kunabangaphansi kwayo, abahlala nayo ngaphansi "kophahla olufanayo". Indlovukazi yezintuthwane ingaphila iminyaka engama-30.

7. Ikoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke lihlanganisa indawo ye-6 km2

EYurophu, kanye nase-USA, izintuthwane zase-Argentina zihlala, ezakha ikoloni elikhulu. Yaziwa njengekoloni lezintuthwane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Insimu yayo ihlanganisa 6 ayizinkulungwane km2. Kodwa, okwamangaza abaningi, kwadalwa indoda.

Ekuqaleni, lolu hlobo lwatholakala eNingizimu Melika kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yabantu lusakaze yonke indawo. Ngaphambilini, izintuthwane zase-Argentina zakha amakoloni amakhulu. Kodwa lolu hlobo lubhekwa njenge-parasite, njengoba luletha ukungakhululeki okukhulu ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni.

Izintuthwane zonke zinobungane komunye nomunye, yingakho zingaba seduze kalula. Amakoloni abo anganwebeka afinyelele amashumi amaningana amakhilomitha.

6. Ukukwazi ukuthatha “iziboshwa” nokuziphoqa ukuthi zizisebenzele

Ababaningi abantu abazi ukuthi abantu abanjalo bahlala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States. izinhlobo zezintuthwane ezihlala zihlasela amanye amakoloni futhi zizithumbe.

Lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi i-Protomognathus americanus. Izintuthwane zibulala bonke abantu abadala kuleli qoqo bese zithatha izibungu namaqanda kanye nazo. Bazikhulisa futhi baziphakele njengezabo.

Kwelinye ikoloni lezigqila ezinjalo kungaba nabantu abangaba ngu-70. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bebelokhu behola isithombe sabanikazi bezigqila. Lapho nje izintuthwane eziyizigqila ziqala ukukhipha iphunga lazo elingavamile, abanikazi bazo bayababulala noma bayeke ukuzikhathalela.

5. Kunezintuthwane eziyimihambima

Ama-Ants-nomad ahlala e-Asia, eMelika. Izinhlobo ezinjalo azizakheli izidleke, njengoba zihlala zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye.

Bangakwazi ukunyakaza kokubili emini nasebusuku. Bekezela buthule amabanga amade - usuku ukusuka kwelinye ukuya ku-3 km. Lezi zinhlobo azidli kuphela imbewu, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane ngisho nezinyoni ezincane. Ngalokhu bavame ukubizwa “ababulali”.

Izintuthwane ezingomakhelwane zingahamba nezibungu namaqanda abanye abantu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nezinambuzane eziningi, ezingaba izinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngamunye wabo ungaphansi kwesigaba esithile sabaphathi. Inqwaba ngabasebenzi abavamile. Kodwa isibalo esiyinhloko sihlala - indlovukazi (owesifazane).

4. Yakha “amabhuloho aphilayo” emizimbeni yabo ukuze banqobe izithiyo

Iqiniso elimangalisayo lihlala liwukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezintuthwane ziyakwazi ukudala ukuphila”amabhuloho». Lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi ziwele umfula noma ichibi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwezintuthwane ezibizwa nge-Eciton.

Kwake kwenziwa ucwaningo kwenye yamanyuvesi, okwafakazela ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziyakwazi nokuzidela ngenxa yabanye abazalwane.

3. Iqoqo lezintuthwane ngalinye linephunga lalo.

Intuthwane ngayinye inephunga layo elithile.. Lokhu kuyamsiza ukuthi axhumane nezinye izihlobo. Umkhaya ngamunye wezintuthwane uyozizwa ngokushesha ukuthi umuntu ongamazi useduze kwakhe noma owakhe.

Ngakho, iphunga lisiza izinambuzane ukuthola ukudla futhi zixwayise ngengozi eseduze. Okufanayo kuya emakoloni ezintuthwane. Ngamunye wabo unephunga lakhe eliyingqayizivele. “I-alien” ngeke ikwazi ukudlula emigomeni enjalo.

2. Ukulunywa yidlozi elimnyama kuyabulala

Emhlabeni, uhlobo olunjalo lwezintuthwane luyaziwa njenge-bulldog. Babhekwa njengabanolaka kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye, zigqama ngobukhulu bazo. Ukubukeka kwabo kufinyelela ku-4,5 amasentimitha. Umzimba uvame ukufaniswa nowe-aspen. Lapho abantu bebona izintuthwane ezinjalo, bayazama ukuzigwema, ngoba ukulunywa kwazo kuyababulala abantu.

Izibalo zithi amaphesenti angu-3-5 abantu abalunywe izintuthwane ama-bulldog bayafa.. Ubuthi bucishe bungene ngokushesha egazini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu hlobo luyakwazi ukunyakaza ngokugxuma. Ukujula okukhulu kunama-40 kuya ku-50 cm.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zinambuzane zingatholakala e-Australia. Uncamela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama kakhulu. Izinga lobuhlungu bokulunywa liqhathaniswa nokulunywa kweminyovu emithathu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngemva kokulunywa, umuntu uqala ngokuba bomvu okunzima nokulunywa emzimbeni wonke. Khona-ke izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umuntu engenayo i-allergies, khona-ke kungase kungabikho lutho oluvela esinambuzaneni esisodwa. Kodwa uma izintuthwane ezi-2-3 ziluma ngesikhathi esisodwa, khona-ke lokhu kungase kubulale kakade.

1. Emasikweni amaningi - uphawu lokuzikhandla

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izintuthwane ziwuphawu lokubekezela, ukukhuthala nokukhuthala.. Ngokwesibonelo, amaRoma ayenquma indawo yawo eduze kukankulunkulukazi uCecera, owayephethe amandla omhlaba, kanye nokukhula nokuvuthwa kwezithelo.

E-China, izintuthwane zazinesimo sokuhleleka nobuhle. Kodwa eBuddhism naseHinduism, umsebenzi wezintuthwane wawuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi ongenamsebenzi.